Knowledge Tree
global climate change
Also known as: global climate change, climate change, global climate
synthesized from dimensionsGlobal climate change refers to the significant and enduring shifts in Earth’s temperature and weather patterns, primarily driven by human activities since the Industrial Revolution. The scientific consensus on this phenomenon is overwhelming; studies analyzing thousands of peer-reviewed papers consistently find that over 99% of climate scientists and nearly 200 worldwide scientific organizations agree that anthropogenic factors—specifically the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide from fossil fuel combustion, industrial processes, and agriculture—are the primary drivers of modern global warming >99% literature consensus NASA 200 organizations.
The ecological impacts of these changes are pervasive and systemic. Rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns disrupt natural rhythms, leading to sea-level rise, the melting of glaciers, and an increased frequency of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves extreme weather consequences. These environmental shifts force profound biological responses, including species migration, altered breeding and flowering timings, and the destabilization of food webs ecosystem alterations. Vulnerable species, such as the mountain yellow-legged frog or Arctic shorebirds, face significant population declines due to habitat loss and disrupted predator-prey dynamics frog range loss threefold increase in Arctic shorebird nest predation.
Human societies are similarly affected, with climate change acting as a "threat multiplier" that intersects with global health, food security, and national security. The "global syndemic"—the interaction of climate change with obesity and undernutrition—highlights the fragility of food systems, which are both significant contributors to emissions and primary victims of climate-induced crop failures global syndemic concept. Furthermore, the impacts are distributed inequitably; societies with lower economic development or poor governance often exhibit heightened vulnerability, as weak institutions impede effective adaptation strategies disproportionate developing impacts.
The response to climate change involves a complex interplay of mitigation and adaptation. Strategies include the transition to renewable energy, the implementation of carbon pricing, and the integration of sustainable urban design climate concerns spur energy transition carbon pricing efficiency. While there is broad agreement on the necessity of action, debates persist regarding the efficacy of specific policies, the pace of decarbonization, and the interpretation of climate data in political spheres DOE weather claim. Despite these political tensions and a documented gap between scientific consensus and public perception, the global nature of the crisis continues to drive international coordination, such as the Paris Agreement’s net-zero goals Paris net-zero transition.
Model Perspectives (13)
openrouter/z-ai/glm-5v-turbo definitive 50% confidence
{
"content": "Global climate change is characterized by a robust scientific consensus identifying human activity as the primary driver, specifically through the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide key greenhouse gas components influencing climate change. According to data synthesized by NASA and others, approximately 97% of climate scientists and nearly 200 scientific organizations globally agree that human-caused climate change is occurring about 97% of climate scientists have concluded [Nearly 200 worldwide scientific organizations hold
openrouter/google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview definitive 100% confidence
Global climate change is widely recognized as a multifaceted driver of instability across ecosystems, human health, and food systems. According to research by Lorelei Simmons, climate change is primarily fueled by human-induced increases in greenhouse gases human-caused greenhouse gases, leading to profound ecological shifts, including species migration species migration patterns, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem destabilization ecosystem instability.
A critical area of concern is the 'global syndemic,' a term used by The Lancet Commission to describe the interconnected crises of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change global syndemic concept. Food systems are both contributors to and victims of these changes; they generate significant greenhouse gas emissions—with ruminant production noted as a specific focus ruminants and climate policy—while climate change simultaneously threatens crop yields and nutritional quality impacts on food security. Research by James Hébert et al. highlights the intersection of these food environments with diet-induced inflammation and human health diet-induced inflammation.
Mitigation and resilience strategies often focus on systemic change. This includes the integration of wild edible plants wild edible plants, the adoption of sustainable diets sustainable healthy diets, and the use of biomaterials over petrochemicals biomaterials as strategy. Indigenous knowledge is identified as a vital resource for responding to these challenges ancestral knowledge, though Indigenous food systems themselves are currently under threat from environmental shocks threats to indigenous systems. Furthermore, urban design is increasingly viewed as a necessary component of climate policy, with organizations like Stefano Boeri Architetti advocating for cities to act as principal players in the environmental debate cities as players.
openrouter/google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview 100% confidence
Global climate change is recognized as a significant ecological challenge, grouped alongside issues such as pollution, overfishing, and deforestation significant ecological challenges. According to research published by Springer, these climatic shifts are exerting negative pressure on the phenology, distribution, and overall abundance of wild edible plants impacts on wild plants. The complexity of these impacts is documented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), whose 2019 report analyzed the intersection of climate change with land degradation, food security, and greenhouse gas emissions IPCC land report. Furthermore, the economic implications of these environmental shifts are significant; a 2022 policy brief by Thornton et al. for Clim-Eat addresses the financial requirements for altering food systems in response to climate change transforming food systems. Beyond physical and ecological impacts, the discourse surrounding climate change is also noted for being subject to denialism, which NutritionFacts.org compares to the spread of misguided information in the health and diet sectors climate change denialism.
openrouter/z-ai/glm-5v-turbo 50% confidence
```json
{
"content": "Based on the provided data, global climate change is characterized as a phenomenon driven significantly by industrial activities concentrated among a small number of corporate and state entities, with far-reaching consequences for ecological systems, food security, and human societies.
Drivers and Industrial Responsibility
Research highlighted by Springer indicates that since the official recognition of human-induced climate change, over half of all global industrial emissions can be traced to just 25 'Carbon Majors' emissions traced to 25 entities. The United Nations defines its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) specifically as a framework to mitigate these "hazardous man-made effects" UN SDGs mitigate climate effects.
Ecological and Biodiversity Impacts
The facts illustrate that climate change acts as a pervasive disruptor of natural rhythms and habitats:
* Terrestrial Species: Impacts include physiological stress and behavioral shifts. For example, drier summers and thinner snowpack negatively affect pikas by reducing forage and exposing them to cold pikas impacted by climate. Similarly, Caspian red deer are ascending to summer
openrouter/z-ai/glm-5v-turbo definitive 50% confidence
```json
{
"content": "Global climate change is defined by shifts in global weather patterns and temperatures, primarily driven by human activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels, agricultural practices, and industrial processes which release greenhouse gases 18. These emissions alter the Earth's energy balance through feedback loops 60, leading to tangible impacts including rising sea levels, altered precipitation patterns causing droughts and floods 32, and increased frequency of extreme events like heatwaves and hurricanes 51.
Scientific Consensus and Public Perception
There is a robust scientific consensus regarding the occurrence and anthropogenic nature of climate change. Analyses of scientific literature, such as Naomi Oreskes's review of 928 papers, found that none explicitly rejected the consensus while 75% explicitly supported it 47. Surveys of climatologists show overwhelming agreement that global temperatures have risen due to human activity 37, and international surveys indicate high conviction among climate scientists 14. However, a significant perception gap exists; only 27% of U.S. adults believe that "almost all" scientists agree on the human cause 40. This discrepancy is partly fueled by political rhetoric and organizations—often linked to extractive industries—that sow doubt about the science 21. Recent political discourse includes claims that climate action is "irresponsible" 38 or that the threat is overstated compared to energy access needs 13, leading to tensions such as the criticism of U.S. Department of Energy reports for understating consequences 54.
Impacts on Society and Health
The effects of climate change are not distributed equally. Societies that are less economically developed or geographically vulnerable often suffer the most severe impacts despite contributing least to the causes 1. Health impacts are significant, with
openrouter/z-ai/glm-5v-turbo definitive 50% confidence
```json
{
"content": "Global climate change is characterized as a rapidly occurring and anthropogenic phenomenon that poses a multifaceted threat to environmental systems, human health, and global stability. According to NASA and the U.S. Global Change Research Program, Earth
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast definitive 88% confidence
The facts portray global climate change as a driver of ecological disruptions, particularly affecting wildlife behaviors, populations, and ecosystems worldwide. According to NEEF, it has caused threefold increase in Arctic shorebird nest predation over 70 years and earlier snow melt exposing snowshoe hares to predators. Husson University highlights disrupted natural cues from rising temperatures and behavioral shifts rippling through food chains. Specific vulnerabilities include skewed sea turtle sex ratios from warmer sand (NEEF) and declining mountain frog populations from reduced snowpack (NEEF). Frontiers notes Arctic impacts like disrupted marine food webs and challenges for migratory marine vertebrates. Adaptations vary: some species shift ranges northward like Pacific cod (NEEF) or benefit from shorter migration routes (Frontiers), while others face barriers. Conservation efforts, per The Nature Conservancy, emphasize connected habitats for adaptation and climate-resilient landscapes. Broader implications include threats to food security and developing nations' resilience (Nature). International recognition appears in UN treaties (Frontiers).
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast definitive 93% confidence
Global climate change is extensively documented through scientific studies, reports, and surveys, with a robust consensus attributing it primarily to anthropogenic causes. According to a 2021 study by Mark Lynas et al., greater than 99% of peer-reviewed literature agrees it is human-caused >99% literature consensus, echoed by Naomi Oreskes' analysis of 928 papers where 75% supported the consensus and none rejected it Oreskes 928 papers, and NASA noting nearly 200 worldwide organizations endorsing human causation NASA 200 organizations. The IPCC, involving thousands of scientists, assesses drivers, impacts, risks, and mitigation via comprehensive reports like the Fifth Assessment IPCC thousands contribute and IPCC Fifth Report. Impacts span ecosystems, with The Nature Conservancy highlighting threats to wildlife from shorter winters and extremes wildlife survival threats, NEEF detailing bird migration disruptions and hare camouflage loss bird synchronization mismatch, and studies on polar bears by Hamilton et al. polar bear space use. Policy responses include renewable energy sub-Saharan renewables, carbon pricing per Nature carbon pricing efficiency, and Paris Agreement net-zero goals Paris net-zero transition. Surveys show scientists view effects as severe, e.g., 41% catastrophic in 2007 2007 AMS/AGU survey. Some contention exists, like a DOE report deemed non-catastrophic but criticized by 85 scientists DOE report review. Its global nature demands international coordination global impacts perspective.
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast definitive 88% confidence
Global climate change encompasses the diverse effects of human-induced global warming, including elevated sea levels, glacier melt, shifts in precipitation, extreme weather, and crop fluctuations, as defined by Springer.global warming definition Scientific literature shows over 99% agreement that greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, mainly fossil fuels, drive modern climate change since the Industrial Revolution, per IOPscience.human-driven consensus A Cornell Chronicle-reported analysis of 3,000 climate papers found only four skeptical of anthropogenic causes.few skeptical papers NASA notes eighteen scientific associations affirmed this in 2009, alongside statements from the Geological Society of America and American Chemical Society.scientific associations statement Impacts span ecosystems: ornithologists link German stork declines to it (Encyclopædia Britannica),stork population decline); Husson University reports disruptions in animal breeding timing, pollinator-plant mismatches, and migration rhythms.breeding timing disruption Frontiers highlights effects on Arctic marine mammals, vertebrates, and fish communities.Arctic mammal impacts NEEF and The Nature Conservancy detail wildlife shifts, predator-prey mismatches, habitat erosion for sea turtles, and challenges for Canada lynx.wildlife distribution shifts PubMed lists consequences like intense weather, sea rise, ecosystem damage, and health risks.extreme weather consequences Societal views vary by context (mrgscience.com), with surveyed scientists noting adaptation uncertainties (Wikipedia).adaptation uncertainty Mitigation via renewables reduces vulnerability (mrgscience.com),renewable energy mitigation); developing nations face disproportionate hits due to low adaptive capacity (Nature).disproportionate developing impacts Challenges include psychological barriers (mrgscience.com) and policy critiques like Green New Deal diluting decarbonization (Researcher.life).
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast definitive 94% confidence
A survey of 88,125 climate-related studies published by Open Access Government, Cornell Chronicle, and Krishna Ramanujan found that more than 99.9% of peer-reviewed scientific papers agree humans are the main cause of global climate change 99.9% paper consensus. This aligns with analyses like Naomi Oreskes' review of 928 abstracts from 1993-2003, where most endorsed the consensus Oreskes abstract analysis. Organizations such as the American Physical Society, cited by NASA, state human influences dominate recent warming APS human influence, while the American Medical Association supports IPCC findings on anthropogenic contributions AMA IPCC support. The energy industry is identified by Springer as the primary source of global greenhouse gas emissions driving climate change energy GHG source. Impacts include altered energy infrastructure from heat waves, droughts, and storms per Springer energy operational changes; ecosystem shifts like earlier plant blooming and animal migrations according to NEEF ecosystem alterations; and species losses, such as 70-90% range disappearance for mountain yellow-legged frogs noted by NEEF frog range loss. Resilience measures against climate change are energy-intensive, requiring new infrastructure, as argued by Columbia University's Kate Guy resilience energy costs. Debates persist, with a U.S. Department of Energy report implying no significant evidence for intensified extreme weather, criticized as misleading by the Clean Air Task Force DOE weather claim. Mitigation efforts focus on decarbonization driven by climate needs, per the Institute of Energy decarbonization drivers, and carbon pricing as a contested strategy noted by Moneta carbon pricing role. Surveys show high concern among scientists, with 41% rating future effects as catastrophic in a 2011 poll cited on Wikipedia scientist impact survey.
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast definitive 95% confidence
Global climate change refers to the phenomenon where climatic factors such as temperature, precipitation, and weather patterns shift due to global warming, primarily driven by anthropogenic activities that enhance the greenhouse effect through emissions of greenhouse gases. According to anthropogenic primary cause detailed in Frontiers and GHG emissions enhance warming from mrgscience.com, human actions became the dominant influence after the 1960s, as noted in Springer publications post-1960s human dominance. Scientific consensus is overwhelming, with a 2021 study led by Krista Myers finding 91-100% agreement among Earth and climate scientists that humans cause it Myers survey agreement, over 99.9% of studies per Cornell Chronicle via Krishna Ramanujan 99.9% studies agree, and a 2019 review at 100% 2019 review consensus. Key effects include shifting rainfall to heavier downpours per Springer rainfall to heavy downpours, increased wildfire risks from hot dry conditions via Science Feedback wildfire risk from heat, more severe extreme weather events like heat waves and cyclones according to Wikipedia extreme events more severe, ocean circulation changes potentially slowing the Gulf Stream per mrgscience.com ocean currents alter, and ecological disruptions like species migrations reported by Husson University species alter behaviors. The 2017 CDP Carbon Majors Report attributes over half of emissions since recognition to 25 entities half emissions from 25, underscoring responsibility. To avoid dangerous effects, the National Academies recommend limiting warming to 2°C limit to 2°C max. It intertwines with biodiversity loss as per Ecology and Society climate and biodiversity threats.
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast definitive 95% confidence
Global climate change refers to alterations in Earth's climate primarily due to human activities that modify atmospheric composition via greenhouse gas emissions, as defined by the UN Framework Convention and affirmed by the National Academies, which notes scientists' evidence from multiple lines confirming human-driven changes increasingly affecting lives. A systematic air temperature increase characterizes it, with manifestations like higher global temperatures, rising seas, heat waves, floods, droughts per IPCC (2007) and others. Scientific consensus is robust, with over 99% of papers agreeing on human causation and very strong agreement on rising temperatures from emissions. Impacts span ecosystems at local-to-global scales causing biome shifts and reduced resilience, wildlife like polar bears listed threatened from Arctic ice melt, beluga whales disrupted, and species altering migrations and phenologies; food systems fall short of healthy diets per Tufts and IFPRI researchers; Global South faces heightened vulnerability from resource limits; energy sector sees indirect market impacts and security reshaping per Kate Guy at Columbia; extremes threaten infrastructure per Frontiers analyses. Responses include governments pursuing alternative energies, policy instruments like subsidies, and militaries integrating climate planning, with Kate Guy noting its national security nexus. Attribution science probabilistically links events to climate shifts without direct causation claims.
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast 45% confidence
Global climate change emerges from these facts as a critical global threat with wide-ranging implications, including impacts on population mental health alongside other crises like economic downturns and disease outbreaks global threats affect mental health, according to the World Health Organization. It intersects with national security and foreign policy, as evidenced by Kate Guy's prior role directing U.S. State Department efforts at this nexus under the Biden administration, advising John Kerry (Columbia University Center on Global Energy Policy; Kate Guy) Kate Guy's climate diplomacy role. Public perception attributes it largely to anthropogenic causes, with surveys showing 10% strongly disagreeing and neutral responses stable at around 13-14% from 1996 to 2003 (Wikipedia) survey on anthropogenic climate causes. These concerns drive government and private sector shifts toward lower-carbon energy futures (Global Solutions Initiative) climate concerns spur energy transition. Additionally, societies facing political instability or poor governance exhibit heightened vulnerability due to corruption and weak institutions impeding adaptation (mrgscience.com) instability heightens climate vulnerability.
Facts (593)
Sources
Scientific consensus on climate change - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 58 facts
claimThe human role in climate change is considered 'unequivocal' and 'incontrovertible'.
claimNearly all actively publishing climate scientists agree that humans are causing climate change.
claimThe Union of Concerned Scientists publishes activist resources and explainers regarding climate change.
measurementIn a survey regarding whether climate change is occurring, 67.1% of respondents very much agreed, 26.7% agreed to a large extent, 6.2% agreed to a small extent, and 0% disagreed.
measurementIn a 2013 survey of 283 scientists, 43% very much agreed that most of recent or near future climate change is or will be a result of anthropogenic causes, 28.5% agreed to a large extent, 16.6% agreed to a small extent, and 2.5% did not agree at all.
claimThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) presents reports summarizing the strength and extent of consensus on climate change and its various aspects to the member states of the United Nations.
measurementA study published in Environmental Research Letters and reported by the Cornell Chronicle found that more than 99.9% of studies agree that humans caused climate change.
measurementIn a survey of scientists, 41.8% agreed very much that climate change poses a very serious and dangerous threat to humanity, 23.2% agreed to a large extent, and 3.5% did not agree at all.
claimSurveyed scientists rejected the notion that there was too much uncertainty to justify taking immediate action regarding climate change, with a mean rating of 5.6 out of 7.
measurementIn a 2013 survey of 283 scientists, 74.7% of respondents indicated they very much agreed (on a 7-point scale) that climate change, whether natural or anthropogenic, is occurring now, while 2.9% were neutral and 2.1% disagreed.
measurementIn the 5th International Survey of Climate Scientists (2015-2016), 79.3% of respondents indicated they were very convinced that climate change is occurring, while 2.1% were not convinced.
perspectiveSome organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions on climate change, and some have attempted to sow doubt in the scientific consensus by persuading the public that climate change is not happening or is not caused by human influence.
measurementAmong 79 climatologists who published over half of their peer-reviewed research on climate change, 76 agreed that mean global temperatures had risen compared to pre-1800s levels, and 75 described human activity as a significant factor.
measurementIn a survey regarding whether recent or near-future climate change is a result of anthropogenic causes, 34.6% of respondents very much agreed, 48.9% agreed to a large extent, 15.1% agreed to a small extent, and 1.35% did not agree.
accountNaomi Oreskes analyzed the abstracts of 928 scientific papers on 'global climate change' published between 1993 and 2003.
measurementOf the 928 scientific papers on global climate change analyzed by Naomi Oreskes, 75% explicitly supported the scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change or accepted it as a given, while 25% focused on research methods or paleoclimate analysis; no abstract explicitly rejected the consensus.
claimA 2018 US government report warned that climate change will shrink the US economy and cause thousands of deaths.
measurementIn the 2007 Harris Interactive survey of American Meteorological Society and American Geophysical Union members, 41% of scientists described the likely severity of climate change effects over the next 50–100 years as catastrophic, 44% as moderately dangerous, and 13% as having relatively little danger.
accountJohn Cook examined 11,944 abstracts from peer-reviewed scientific literature published between 1991 and 2011 that matched the topics 'global climate change' or 'global warming'.
measurementIn a survey regarding the extent to which respondents agree that climate change is mostly the result of anthropogenic causes, the average agreement score shifted from 4.17 to 3.62 between 1996 and 2003.
measurementIn a survey regarding whether climate change poses a serious and dangerous threat to humanity, 34.6% of respondents very much agreed, 27.6% agreed to a large extent, and 1.1% did not agree at all.
measurementIn the 5th International Survey of Climate Scientists (2015-2016), 47.7% of respondents very much agreed that recent or near-future climate change is a result of anthropogenic causes.
measurementOf the 928 scientific papers on 'global climate change' analyzed by Naomi Oreskes, 75% explicitly supported the scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change or accepted it as a given, while 25% focused on research methods or paleoclimate analysis; no abstract explicitly rejected the scientific consensus.
referenceThe Policy Institute of King's College London published a report titled 'Public perceptions on climate change' in June 2022 as part of the PERITIA Trust EU project.
measurementA 2021 study by Mark Lynas, Benjamin Z. Houlton, and Simon Perry found that greater than 99% of peer-reviewed scientific literature agrees that climate change is human-caused.
measurementIn an October 2011 survey of 489 actively working scientists regarding the likely effects of global climate change in the next 50 to 100 years, 13% of respondents rated the effects as trivial/mild (1-3 on a 10-point scale), 44% as moderate (4-7), 41% as severe/catastrophic (8-10), and 2% did not know.
claimSurveyed scientists agreed there was substantial uncertainty about how strongly climate change impacts will affect society and that many changes would likely be necessary to adapt.
measurementResearchers identified 28 papers that presented alternative hypotheses regarding the cause of climate change after explicitly searching the entire dataset for such alternatives.
claimStudies of scientific opinion on climate change have been undertaken since the 1970s, and they have established widespread consensus since the 1990s, with the level of agreement increasing over time.
measurementIn the 2007 Harris Interactive survey of scientists, 56% described the study of global climate change as a mature science, while 39% described it as an emerging science.
measurementIn a survey regarding the occurrence of climate change, 67.1% of respondents very much agreed it is occurring, 26.7% agreed to a large extent, 6.2% agreed to a small extent, and 0% did not agree at all.
measurementIn the 5th International Survey of Climate Scientists, 47.7% of respondents 'very much agreed' that recent or near-future climate change is a result of anthropogenic causes, while 1.9% did not agree at all.
claimHuman activities causing global warming include fossil fuel combustion, cement production, and land use changes such as deforestation, with a significant supporting role from other greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide.
measurementThe overall split in agreement regarding anthropogenic causes of climate change shifted from 41% agreement and 45% disagreement in 1996 to 56% agreement and 30% disagreement in 2003.
measurementIn a survey regarding whether recent or near-future climate change is a result of anthropogenic causes, 34.6% of respondents very much agreed, 48.9% agreed to a large extent, 15.1% agreed to a small extent, and 1.35% did not agree at all.
claimThe small percentage of scientific papers that disagreed with the consensus on climate change often contained errors or could not be replicated.
measurementIn the 1991 Center for Science, Technology, and Media survey, 58 scientists agreed that the effects of climate change were expected to be substantial by the scientific community as a whole, while 36 disagreed and 21 remained neutral.
measurementSlade surveyed 21 climate scientists, finding that 17 of them expressed a strong belief in the reality of significant climate change.
measurementIn the 2007 Harris Interactive survey of American Meteorological Society and American Geophysical Union members, 56% described the study of global climate change as a mature science and 39% as an emerging science.
measurementIn the 5th International Survey of Climate Scientists (2015-2016), 46% of respondents very much agreed that climate change poses a very serious and dangerous threat to humanity.
claimMarianne Lavelle reported in U.S. News & World Report on 23 April 2008 that surveys track growing concern among scientists regarding climate change.
measurementIn a survey regarding whether climate change poses a serious and dangerous threat to humanity, 34.6% of respondents very much agreed, 27.6% agreed to a large extent, and 1.1% did not agree.
measurementOf the 928 scientific paper abstracts on global climate change analyzed by Naomi Oreskes, 25% focused on research methods or paleoclimate analysis.
measurementIn the 2021 study led by Krista Myers, the level of agreement that human activity causes climate change was lowest among scientists who identified Economic Geology as one of their fields of research, at 84%.
accountNaomi Oreskes analyzed the abstracts of 928 scientific papers on global climate change published between 1993 and 2003.
measurementWhen asked about the likely effects of global climate change in the next 50 to 100 years on a scale of 1 (trivial) to 10 (catastrophic), 13% of respondents in an October 2011 survey of scientists replied 1 to 3, 44% replied 4 to 7, 41% replied 8 to 10, and 2% did not know.
procedureIndividual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the scientific opinion on climate change via peer-reviewed publications, while scientific bodies of national or international standing summarize collective agreement and relative certainty in synthesis reports.
measurementA 2021 study led by Krista Myers surveyed 2780 Earth scientists and found that agreement that human activity causes climate change ranged from 91% among all scientists to 100% among climate scientists with high levels of expertise (20+ papers published).
measurementIn the 5th International Survey of Climate Scientists (2015-2016), 75.8% of respondents reported that uncertainty in climate science had decreased since 1996, and 75.7% reported that the risk associated with climate change had increased considerably since 1996.
claimKrishna Ramanujan reported in the Cornell Chronicle that more than 99.9% of scientific studies agree that humans caused climate change.
claimClimate change has made many severe and extreme weather events, such as tropical cyclones, thunderstorms, tornados, droughts, heat waves, and precipitation extremes, more severe, more frequent, or more likely to co-occur globally.
measurementA 2019 review of scientific papers found the consensus on the cause of climate change to be at 100%.
measurementA 2021 study concluded that over 99% of scientific papers agree on the human cause of climate change.
accountIn 1978, the National Defense University of the United States surveyed 24 experts regarding near-term climate change and its effects on agriculture, with the majority expecting warming between 1970 and 2000 and identifying human carbon dioxide emissions as the primary cause.
measurementIn a 2013 survey of 283 scientists, when asked how convinced they were that most of recent or near-future climate change is or will be a result of anthropogenic causes, 43% very much agreed, 28.5% agreed to a large extent, 16.6% agreed to a small extent, and 2.5% did not agree at all.
claimThere is a very strong consensus in the scientific literature that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.
measurementIn the 2021 study led by Krista Myers, 98.7% of climate scientists agreed that human activity causes climate change, while 84% of scientists who identified Economic Geology as a field of research agreed.
measurementIn a survey regarding the extent to which respondents agree that climate change is mostly the result of anthropogenic causes, the percentage of respondents 'strongly disagreeing' remained at 10%, while those remaining neutral were 14% in 1996 and 13% in 2003.
A review of climate change impacts on migration patterns of marine ... frontiersin.org Oct 25, 2024 51 facts
claimThe resilience of upper trophic level taxa to ecosystem changes brought about by climate change is determined by their ability to adjust their phenologies, habitat use, prey type, and spatial distribution.
claimArctic marine food webs are impacted by climate change because some fish species negatively affected by climate change are key species upon which top trophic feeders depend, according to Welch et al. (1992) and Hop and Gjøsæter (2013).
referenceBonnet-Lebrun et al. (2021) examined how Arctic seabirds find refugia from climate change and potential competition in marginal ice zones and fjords, as published in Ambio.
claimThe United Nations treaty on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals recognizes the impact of climate change on animal migrations and the necessity of addressing how environmental changes affect animals that rely on migration strategies to maintain their populations.
referenceFox, A. D., Nielsen, R. D., and Petersen, I. K. (2019) published 'Climate-change not only threatens bird populations but also challenges our ability to monitor them' in Ibis, volume 161, pages 467–474, discussing the dual impact of climate change on bird populations and monitoring capabilities.
referenceUrbanski and Litwicka (2022) documented the decline of Svalbard land-fast sea ice extent as a result of climate change.
claimMarine vertebrates that migrate to or within the Arctic face challenges to their survival and reproductive success due to increasing environmental unpredictability caused by climate change.
referenceBrower et al. (2018) investigated the increased sightings of subArctic cetaceans in the eastern Chukchi Sea between 2008 and 2016, evaluating whether the trend resulted from population recovery, response to climate change, or increased survey effort, as published in Polar Biology.
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2023) published a synthesis report summarizing the contributions of working groups I, II, and III to the sixth assessment report on climate change.
referenceHoward et al. (2018) analyzed how flight range, fuel load, and climate change impact the journeys of migrant birds.
claimSome species may benefit from climate change by gaining access to more direct migration routes and higher-quality food over a longer season, which reduces individual energetic expenditures.
claimNorthward shifts in range to track optimal environmental conditions are a predicted response to climate change for Arctic marine mammals.
claimThe variability in foraging and migratory patterns among seabird families and species makes it difficult to generalize the impacts of climate change on these populations.
claimIndigenous communities that rely on animal harvests are impacted by the climate change-induced unpredictability of marine ecosystems, as reported by Huntington et al. (2016) and Hauser et al. (2021).
referenceA 2017 study by Hamilton et al. analyzed climate change impacts on coastal space use by polar bears and ringed seals in an Arctic predator-prey system.
referenceThe article titled 'A review of climate change impacts on migration patterns of marine vertebrates in Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems' was published in the journal Frontiers in Environmental Science on October 25, 2024.
referenceArctic marine mammals are increasingly vulnerable to vessel traffic in the Northwest Passage and Northern Sea Route due to the region becoming increasingly ice-free, according to a 2018 study by Hauser et al.
referenceA 2019 study by Hamilton et al. compared changes in space use induced by climate change in two Arctic marine mammal species.
referenceMcKinney et al. (2013) studied the effects of global climate change on the long-term feeding ecology and contaminant exposure levels of East Greenland polar bears.
referenceHuntington et al. (2017) evaluated the effects of climate change on indigenous marine mammal hunting in Northern and Western Alaska using traditional knowledge.
claimClimate change is impacting endemic Arctic marine mammals through direct habitat alterations, ecosystem changes, and changing patterns of human activity.
referenceDay et al. (2013) investigate whether the appearance of new seabird species in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas is a response to climate change.
claimThe authors conducted a review of scientific literature to synthesize information on the impact of climate change on migratory Arctic marine vertebrates, including fishes, seabirds, and marine mammals, to inform decision-makers.
claimClimate change is causing marine systems to become more unpredictable in space and time regarding resources and environmental conditions, according to UNEP/CMS (2006), Robinson et al. (2009), and Gilg et al. (2012).
referenceShuert et al. (2022) published a study titled 'Decadal migration phenology of a long-lived Arctic icon keeps pace with climate change' in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
claimClimate change-induced impacts on migration can affect reproductive success and overwintering survival, with repercussions for entire populations, as noted by Harrison et al. (2011).
claimClimate change is altering open water patterns, sea-ice habitat, prey availability, and the accessibility of foraging and travel routes, resulting in changes in marine vertebrate migrations in circumpolar regions.
referenceGilg et al. (2012) reviewed the impacts of climate change on the ecology and evolution of Arctic vertebrates.
referenceFrainer, A., Primiciero, R., Kotsch, S., Aune, M., Dolgov, A. V., Fossheim, M., et al. (2017) published 'Climate-riven changes in functional biogeography of Arctic marine fish communities' in PNAS, volume 114, pages 12202–12207, analyzing how climate change alters the functional biogeography of Arctic fish.
referenceIndigenous hunting opportunities in the Arctic have been lost due to accelerating climate change, as revealed through co-production of knowledge in a 2021 study by Hauser et al.
claimMost of the non-breeding habitat of the ivory gull is projected to disappear due to climate change.
referenceGreer, Ng, and Fisman (2008) discussed the relationship between climate change and infectious diseases in North America.
claimClairbaux et al. (2019) suggest that climate change could alter bird migration patterns, potentially leading to transarctic flights and high-latitude residency in an Arctic free of sea ice.
referenceW. J. Sydeman, E. Poloczanska, T. E. Reed, and S. A. Thompson reviewed the impacts of climate change on marine vertebrates in a 2015 study published in Science.
referenceSavo et al. (2017) published a study titled 'Impacts of climate change for coastal fishers and implications for fisheries' in Fish and Fisheries.
referenceA 2006 study by Guyot et al. documented local observations of climate change and its impacts on traditional food security in two northern Aboriginal communities.
claimClimate change is altering seasonal habitats and food bases for fishes, seabirds, and marine mammals throughout the circumpolar Arctic.
claimThe Arctic Council recommends that ecosystem-based management of human activities, including Indigenous harvest practices, be coupled with adaptive monitoring and research to address climate change impacts on Arctic ecosystems.
claimIndigenous Knowledge contributes to the interpretation of observed changes in animal migration and helps identify equitable solutions to Arctic climate change.
referenceVacquié-Garcia et al. (2018) studied the habitats and movement patterns of white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Svalbard, Norway, in the context of a changing climate.
claimIn western Arctic North America, Inuit harvests of seals and anadromous fishes have been impacted by climate change.
claimShifting ranges northward to track optimal environmental conditions is a predicted response to climate change for Arctic animals, particularly for highly mobile, large-bodied marine mammals.
claimResearch on how climate change affects migration has focused more on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), and brown trout (Salmo trutta) compared to coregonines and endemic populations of Pacific salmon north of the Bering Strait.
claimClimate change forces animals to potentially alter their phenologies, migratory routes, or staging areas due to shifts in the timing and spatial distribution of resources.
claimClimate-driven changes, such as new wintering areas that are more remote than traditional sites or undiscovered migration routes, complicate the monitoring of species.
referenceHuse and Ellingsen (2008) conducted a modelling analysis to study the relationship between capelin migrations and climate change.
referenceKovacs and Lydersen (2008) reviewed the impacts of climate change on seals and whales in the North Atlantic Arctic and adjacent shelf seas.
referenceBengtsson et al. (2022) analyzed cetacean spatial trends in Svalbard, Norway, from 2005 to 2019, linking these trends to climate change.
claimFish species that perform multiple lifetime migrations are particularly vulnerable to climate change because they must repeatedly time their migrations to match pulses of marine production during spring and summer.
claimClimate change impacts wildlife in the High Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, Norway.
claimIn the northern Gulf of Alaska, benthic-feeding sea ducks appear to be more resilient to changes in environmental conditions than pelagic-feeding seabirds, suggesting the importance of considering trophic interactions when modeling responses to climate change, according to Cushing et al. (2018) and Robinson et al. (2024).
ESS Subtopic 6.2: Climate change – Causes and Impacts mrgscience.com 37 facts
claimPositive feedback loops are processes that accelerate climate change by creating self-reinforcing cycles.
perspectiveYounger generations and environmental activists, such as those in the Fridays for Future movement, view climate change as a moral issue and advocate for urgent action to protect future generations.
claimEcosystems stressed by human activities such as pollution, deforestation, and habitat fragmentation are less resilient to climate change.
claimSocietal resilience in the context of climate change is defined as the ability of a society to adapt, recover, and maintain functionality in the face of climate-related disruptions.
claimSocieties that are less economically developed or more geographically vulnerable often experience the most severe impacts of climate change, despite potentially contributing less to the causes of climate change.
claimClimate change is expected to make monsoon patterns in regions like South Asia more unpredictable, potentially altering the intensity and timing of rainfall.
claimEconomic development, cultural values, political ideologies, education, and geography are significant factors in determining how individuals and societies perceive and address climate change.
claimEffective leadership, public trust in institutions, and the ability to implement adaptive policies contribute to societal resilience against climate change.
claimClimate change alters global precipitation patterns, causing droughts in some regions and flooding in others, which threatens drinking water supplies, irrigation, and sanitation systems.
claimEcosystems with greater biodiversity are more resilient to climate change because multiple species can fill similar ecological roles, ensuring function is maintained even if some species are lost.
claimClimate change impacts ecosystems at local, regional, and global scales by altering ecosystem resilience, shifting biomes, and changing species composition, productivity, and biodiversity.
claimIncreased carbon dioxide emissions are causing global climate change impacts, including altered weather patterns, sea-level rise, and an increased frequency of extreme weather events such as heatwaves, droughts, and hurricanes.
claimSystems diagrams and models can be used to represent the cause and effect of climate change, including feedback loops (positive or negative) and changes in the global energy balance.
claimClimate change and land-use change are studied using data collected over time by weather stations, observatories, radar, and satellites.
perspectiveThe impacts of climate change are global in nature and necessitate coordinated international action.
claimSocietal resilience to climate change depends on economic stability, the quality of governance, and access to technology and education.
claimSocieties that are less economically developed or geographically vulnerable often experience the most severe impacts of climate change, despite contributing less to the causes of climate change.
claimPerspectives on climate change vary based on individual, societal, and global contexts, which in turn influence societal and individual responses, policies, actions, and engagement levels.
claimSocieties that invest in green technologies and renewable energy reduce their vulnerability to climate change by mitigating emissions and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
claimThe primary obstacle in the fight against climate change is human psychology rather than technology.
claimWealthier and more developed nations generally possess a greater capacity to adapt to and build resilience against climate change impacts compared to less economically developed nations.
perspectivePerspectives on climate change for both individuals and societies are influenced by factors including political ideologies, personal experiences, and differences between developed and developing nations.
claimClimate change can exacerbate existing social and political tensions, particularly in regions where resources like water and food are scarce, potentially leading to conflict in politically unstable areas.
claimSocially cohesive societies with strong governance are better able to respond to the challenges of climate change.
claimClimate change impacts human societies at local, regional, and global levels, affecting health, water supply, agriculture, and infrastructure.
claimLow-lying island nations and coastal cities face significant displacement pressures due to climate change.
claimTechnologies such as drought-resistant crops, solar energy, and desalination plants enhance the resilience of communities to climate change.
perspectiveThe author of the source text asserts that it is useful to listen to the consensus of reputable scientists regarding climate change and to disregard opposing skeptics, whom the author characterizes as having limited credentials and dubious motivations.
perspectiveProgressives often view climate change as an urgent issue requiring government intervention, while conservatives may prioritize economic growth and express skepticism regarding the need for climate regulation.
claimAnthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases have enhanced the greenhouse effect, leading to global warming and climate change.
claimClimate change causes precipitation to decline in certain areas, which leads to the expansion of drylands and the conversion of productive land into desert, resulting in reduced local biodiversity and negative impacts on agriculture, including food and water shortages for human populations.
claimClimate change is altering ocean circulation patterns, potentially leading to a slowdown in the Gulf Stream and other currents, which could cause more severe winters in Europe and reduce the productivity of marine upwelling zones.
claimOverexploitation of natural resources, deforestation, and unsustainable agricultural practices reduce resilience to climate change by weakening the natural systems that help absorb climate shocks.
claimSocieties with strong economies and access to financial resources are generally more resilient to climate change because they can invest in adaptation strategies such as building seawalls, upgrading infrastructure, and developing early warning systems.
perspectiveThe Global South is more vulnerable to climate change and advocates for financial assistance from the Global North, which possesses greater resources but is often slower to act due to competing political and economic priorities.
claimClimate change impacts ecosystems at various scales, from local to global, affecting ecosystem resilience and leading to biome shifts.
claimSocieties with political instability or poor governance are more vulnerable to climate change because corruption, weak institutions, and a lack of coordinated planning impede adaptation and recovery efforts.
Climate Shocks Are Redefining Energy Security energypolicy.columbia.edu Jul 15, 2025 36 facts
claimThe communication issued by the United States Secretary of Defense calling for a retraction of work on climate change included a postscript stating that the directive does not account for weather or resilience-building activities, and should not be seen as taking away from military work on weather forecasting, prediction, and building resilience.
claimInfrastructure in Arctic regions, particularly in permafrost-heavy areas of North America and Russia, is collapsing due to rapid thawing of the ground caused by climate change.
claimClimate change, including shocks and extreme weather, creates a loop effect that increases energy demand and negatively impacts energy security.
claimExtreme weather, driven by climate change caused by fossil fuel emissions, creates stress on energy systems and disrupts energy infrastructure, complicating the maintenance of energy security.
claimClimate change, driven by fossil fuel emissions, is causing extreme weather events that create relentless disruptions to energy infrastructure, thereby undermining energy security.
claimClimate scientists typically avoid stating that a specific weather event was caused by climate change, preferring instead to state the increased statistical likelihood of that event occurring due to global climate trends.
claimRadley Horton at Columbia University conducts research in the field of attribution science, which studies the extent to which climate change influences specific weather patterns in the United States.
claimAttribution science allows researchers to quantify the shift in weather patterns or the increased likelihood of specific weather events occurring due to global climate change.
claimEffective resilience to climate change requires building systems capable of withstanding shocks projected for 10, 15, or 20 years in the future, rather than relying on past resilience standards.
claimClimate change, specifically extreme weather and the increased energy demand resulting from severe heat, creates a loop effect that negatively impacts energy security.
accountKate Guy previously directed the United States State Department’s diplomatic efforts at the intersection of climate change, national security, and foreign policy for the Biden administration, serving as a senior advisor to John Kerry, the special presidential envoy for climate.
referenceSherri Goodman, a former Pentagon official, authored the book 'Threat Multiplier: Climate, Military Leadership in the Fight for Global Security,' which argues that combating climate change became central to the United States Department of Defense's mission.
perspectiveKate Guy posits that the intersection of climate change, national security, and foreign policy will define the nature of politics and international relations for the remainder of the 21st century.
claimKate Guy, a researcher at the Center on Global Energy Policy, focuses her work on the intersection of climate change, national security, and foreign policy.
claimFossil fuel infrastructure, including pipelines and energy extraction facilities, and defense installations are increasingly experiencing operational disruptions due to climate change impacts.
claimExisting energy infrastructure, including fossil fuel infrastructure, is at significant risk due to climate change.
claimThe current United States Secretary of Defense has characterized work on climate change as a distraction to the military, directing the department to focus primarily on other issues.
claimThe United States military and intelligence community, including combatant commands in the Pacific and Africa, have increasingly viewed climate change as a central factor in their work, specifically regarding how it fuels regional instability and impacts defense installations on islands and seacoasts.
perspectiveKate Guy, a researcher at the Center on Global Energy Policy, asserts that climate change acts as a significant shock to the global system, creating downstream impacts on national security, societal stability, and the international order.
claimClimate change is actively reshaping energy security.
perspectiveClimate change impacts and the global energy transition are creating geopolitical repercussions, including shifting the nature of power and economies and altering international alliances.
claimExtreme weather events are often the result of multiple factors, including climate change, forest management practices, and the effectiveness of emergency warning systems.
claimResilience measures intended to protect against climate change are often energy-intensive and require significant new energy infrastructure build-outs.
claimResilience measures required to protect against climate change are energy-intensive and often necessitate significant new energy infrastructure build-outs.
perspectiveKate Guy asserts that climate change acts as a significant shock to the stable foundation of the world, which will have major downstream impacts on national security and the systems that protect society.
claimSocieties and countries that fare better in the face of climate change are those that are currently building resilience into their systems to withstand shocks expected 10, 15, or 20 years into the future.
claimRadley Horton at Columbia University conducts research in the field of attribution science, which studies the extent to which climate change influences specific weather patterns in the United States.
claimClimate change creates a loop effect on energy security because increased demand for energy, driven by more severe heat, puts additional strain on energy systems.
claimExisting infrastructure, including fossil fuel infrastructure, is at significant risk due to climate change.
perspectiveKate Guy argues that the nexus of climate change, national security, and foreign policy will define the nature of politics and international relations for the remainder of the 21st century.
claimKate Guy notes that the United States military combatant commands have only begun to seriously plan for a future impacted by climate change within the last few years.
claimAttribution science uses probabilistic calculations to determine the likelihood that specific weather events were influenced by global climate change, often expressing results as a percentage increase in likelihood rather than asserting direct causation.
claimScientists in the field of attribution science generally avoid stating that a specific weather event was caused by climate change, preferring instead to quantify the increased likelihood of the event occurring due to global climate shifts.
claimKate Guy observes that over the past few decades, regardless of whether the U.S. administration was Republican or Democratic, the U.S. military and intelligence community increasingly viewed climate change as a central component of their work.
claimClimate change is actively reshaping energy security, necessitating rapid adaptation strategies.
accountKate Guy previously directed the United States State Department’s diplomatic efforts at the intersection of climate change, national security, and foreign policy for the Biden administration, serving as a senior advisor to John Kerry.
How Climate Change is Changing Animal Habits neefusa.org Oct 4, 2023 29 facts
measurementRates of nest predation for Arctic-breeding shorebirds have increased threefold over the past 70 years due to climate change.
claimBirds relocating to new habitats due to climate change may face increased competition for limited food resources and encounter new predators or competitors.
claimPacific cod may be prevented from adapting to climate change because the northern Bering Sea remains too cold for the specific temperatures required for Pacific cod eggs to develop and hatch.
claimPacific cod have expanded their summer range into the northern Bering Sea to locate food, but the water remains too cold for their eggs to successfully develop and hatch, potentially hindering the species' adaptation to climate change.
claimThe temperature of beach sand influences the sex of sea turtle offspring, meaning a warmer climate may create a shortage of male sea turtles.
claimA warming climate disrupts the synchronization of migratory bird movements with environmental conditions.
claimSnowshoe hares, which evolved to turn white in winter for camouflage, are increasingly exposed to predators because climate change is causing snow to melt earlier in the season.
claimClimate change has contributed to the decline of mountain yellow-legged frogs by decreasing mountain snowpack and summer rainfall, which dries the ponds used for living and breeding.
claimWhales are especially susceptible to the impacts of climate change because they occupy the top of the food web.
claimA warming climate disrupts the synchronization of migratory birds with their environment, leading to arrival at breeding grounds under less-than-ideal conditions, which reduces the reproductive success of many bird populations.
claimClimate change impacts wildlife across the United States by creating varying levels of adaptability among species, with some able to adapt to changing environmental conditions quickly while others cannot.
claimClimate change causes snow to melt earlier, leaving snowshoe hares increasingly exposed without their winter camouflage.
claimMigratory and non-migratory birds may relocate to new regions to match their climatic range due to changing habitat conditions.
claimMountain yellow-legged frogs in California’s Sierra Nevada mountains are threatened by climate change, which exacerbates environmental issues like habitat loss and pollution.
claimShifts in plant and wildlife distribution due to climate change can facilitate the movement of invasive species into new areas.
claimSea level rise and stronger storms caused by climate change erode beach habitats where sea turtles lay their eggs.
claimRecent studies indicate that Atlantic puffin populations may be rebounding, demonstrating the complex and uneven impacts of climate change.
claimClimate change creates a mismatch between predator and prey species in the Arctic because predator species and prey species respond differently to increased temperatures.
claimClimate change impacts resident, non-migratory birds by altering precipitation and temperature patterns, which affects food availability and the timing of their breeding.
claimChanges in precipitation and temperature patterns caused by climate change impact food availability and the timing of breeding for non-migratory birds.
claimWarmer weather caused by climate change often leads to plants blooming earlier or expanding into historically cooler locations, which alters ecosystems and animal migration patterns.
claimReduced reproductive success in bird populations can result from arriving at breeding grounds under less-than-ideal conditions caused by climate change.
claimClimate change is impacting wildlife across the United States in a variety of ways, with some species adapting quickly while others do not.
measurementMountain yellow-legged frogs in California’s Sierra Nevada mountains have disappeared from 70-90% of their historic range over the past several decades due to factors including climate change, which has decreased mountain snowpack and summer rainfall, drying the ponds where the frogs live and breed.
claimBeluga whales are forced to dive deeper and for longer durations to find food due to climate change impacts.
claimPacific cod have expanded their summer range into the northern Bering Sea to find food as climate change warms their historic habitats.
claimDisruptions in reproductive and migratory cycles caused by climate change can alter predator-prey relationships, leading to increased mass strandings, starvation, and poor reproductive success in marine creatures.
claimIn 2008, polar bears were the first species listed as 'threatened' under the Endangered Species Act due to the impacts of climate change, specifically the melting of Arctic ice which reduces their access to habitat and seal hunting ranges.
claimBeluga whales are being pushed out of their normal migration routines due to unpredictable ice patterns caused by climate change, which increases the threat of getting trapped in the ice.
Sustainable Energy Transition for Renewable and Low Carbon Grid ... frontiersin.org Mar 23, 2022 29 facts
claimGlobal climate change is considered one of the leading challenges facing humanity, according to del RíoJaneiro (2016).
claimWhile renewable energy systems are considered a solution for mitigating climate change and environmental pollution, evaluating the sustainability of these systems is extremely complicated.
claimClimate change is the dominant environmental concern in current international political discussions.
claimSustainability is a major concern due to climate change, and electricity generation is a significant contributor to climate change.
referenceThe indicator measuring potential negative impacts of global climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions per 1 kWh of electricity was used in almost all energy technology assessment studies reviewed by Streimikienea et al. (2012).
claimThe current fourth energy transition aims to combat global climate change through the decarbonization of energy supply and consumption patterns.
claimImplementing energy efficiency measures is a cost-effective strategy for combating climate change, limiting emissions, reducing energy costs, and improving business competitiveness.
claimThe commercial availability of low-emission generation technologies and energy sources has positioned electricity as a central component in global efforts to combat climate change and pollution.
claimThe 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development mandates that member countries protect the planet from degradation by implementing sustainable resource production, consumption, and management practices to prevent climate change.
referenceWatson published 'Tackling the challenge of Climate Change' for the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) in 2014.
claimDigitalizing the operation and control of power-generating and supply assets increases the efficiency, security, and resilience of the electric grid, thereby reducing emissions and mitigating the threat of global climate change.
referenceLindsey published 'Climate Change: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide' in the 'Understanding Climate' series for the US Government in 2021.
claimLiu (2014) identifies renewable energy sources as the primary solution for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, and environmental pollution.
claimGreenhouse gas emissions and global climate change are considered the greatest sustainability challenges facing humanity.
claimHydrogen is identified as a potential solution to climate change, though the process of obtaining it is described as difficult in a 2021 report by ChantNews.
claimThe current rate of global climate change is considered alarming, with observable consequences occurring today.
referenceNinawe, Indulkar, and Amin (2018) analyzed the impact of climate change on fisheries in the context of biotechnology for sustainable agriculture.
referenceMing T., de Richter R., Liu W., and Caillol S. (2014) evaluated Earth Radiation Management and Solar Radiation Management as options for fighting climate change in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.
claimEnergy transition represents a path for economic development and innovation that maintains environmental integrity and sustainability, motivated by challenges such as greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, and natural resource depletion.
claimThe report 'Nuclear Energy Too Slow, Too Expensive to Save Climate' published by Reuters in 2019 asserts that nuclear energy is too slow and too expensive to be an effective solution for climate change.
claimClimate change is the phenomenon where climatic factors change due to global warming.
claimAnthropogenic activities are the primary cause of climate change.
referenceLindsey published 'Climate Change: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide' in the 'Understanding Climate' series for the US Government in 2020.
referenceWang published 'Climate Change and Clean Energy Management Challenges and Growth Strategies' in 2019.
claimThe depletion of fossil fuel reserves, price volatility of fossil fuels, and global climate change are driving increased attention toward renewable energy sources and other low-carbon, cost-effective power generation methods.
claimThe United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change attributes climate change directly or indirectly to human activities that alter atmospheric composition.
claimManifestations of global climate change include increased average global temperatures, rising sea levels, heat waves, flooding, stronger and more frequent ocean waves, and drought, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) and Butt et al. (2012).
claimExtreme weather events exacerbated by climate change, such as Hurricane Sandy, and attacks on substation facilities and power plants, are examples of physical threats to energy infrastructure.
claimElectricity generation is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to global warming and climate change, threatening sustainable development.
Comprehensive Overview on the Present State and Evolution of ... link.springer.com Aug 9, 2024 24 facts
claimExtreme weather events and climate change can cause episodic peaks in energy consumption, particularly during heat waves, by affecting energy generation and transmission systems.
referenceBedair et al. explored the effects of climate change on human health, the agricultural sector, and food security in Africa using artificial intelligence, remote sensing, and advanced algorithms.
referenceRaidas and Chachane published research on global warming and climate change in the journal 'Naveen Shodh Sansar' in 2018.
referenceGadzhiev, N., Vagapova, A., and Yaumieva, E. published a paper in 2023 titled 'Climate change and global warming: the global carbon cycle' in the BIO Web of Conferences.
claimAchieving sustainable and equitable outcomes in climate change and energy transition requires an integrated approach that considers economic, social, political, and technological dimensions.
claimUntil the mid-twentieth century, most atmospheric scientists assumed that climate changes were caused solely by natural factors and processes.
claimChanging climate patterns, higher temperatures, and increased frequency of extreme weather events pose significant threats to agriculture, potentially disrupting food production and reducing crop yields.
perspectiveResearchers emphasize the importance of transitioning to renewable energy sources and adopting sustainable practices to address climate change.
referenceRummukainen, M. published a study in 2013 titled 'Climate change: changing means and changing extremes' in the journal Climatic Change.
referenceThe Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a detailed presentation of the current status and anticipated impacts of climate change and global warming worldwide.
claimGlobal warming is defined as the current increase in global temperature due to the greenhouse gas effect released into the atmosphere by humans, while climate change encompasses the diverse effects of global warming on the Earth’s climate system, including elevated sea levels, glacier melt, shifts in precipitation patterns, alterations in the frequency of extreme weather events, varying seasons, and crop yield fluctuations.
claimAnticipated climate change warming is projected to be more pronounced over land than over the oceans, reaching its peak in the Arctic and leading to the ongoing retreat of glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice.
claimEducation and awareness campaigns are crucial for fostering personal and societal accountability in the fight against climate change.
claimThe authors of the study identify a limitation in existing literature, noting that few studies evaluate and correlate global warming, climate change, greenhouse gases, and renewable energy parameters together.
claimClimate change alters the operational conditions of energy infrastructure through the effects of heat waves, droughts, and storms.
claimThe energy industry is the primary source of global greenhouse gas emissions, which significantly impact climate change and global warming.
claimAccurate monitoring of Earth's Energy Imbalance (EEI) is crucial for evaluating the present state of climate change and predicting its future trajectory, as noted by Meyssignac et al. [12].
claimClimate change shifts rainfall patterns from moderate and light rains to shorter, heavier downpours, resulting in more extreme weather events as the climate transitions toward a warmer state.
claimAfter the 1960s, the scientific approach to climate change shifted as global warming increased, leading to the dominant idea that human activities affect the climate system in addition to natural causes.
claimGovernments worldwide are exploring alternative energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate ecological impacts due to climate change concerns.
claimMarket dynamics can result in indirect impacts of climate change on the energy sector.
claimA systematic increase in air temperature on Earth is the most characteristic feature of contemporary climate change.
claimClimate change impacts the demand for energy for heating and cooling and the accessibility of new conventional energy sources.
claimSignificant consequences of climate change include a decrease in freshwater resources, difficulties in growing food products, and an increase in deaths due to floods, storms, and heat waves.
Scientific Consensus - NASA Science science.nasa.gov Oct 21, 2024 20 facts
referenceW. R. L. Anderegg published 'Expert Credibility in Climate Change' in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Vol. 107, No. 27) on June 21, 2010.
quoteBased on well-established evidence, about 97% of climate scientists have concluded that human-caused climate change is happening.
claimThe American Physical Society issued a statement on climate change in 2021.
claimNearly 200 worldwide scientific organizations hold the position that climate change has been caused by human action.
quoteThe American Medical Association supports the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s fourth assessment report and concurs with the scientific consensus that the Earth is undergoing adverse global climate change and that anthropogenic contributions are significant.
claimJoint science academies issued a statement regarding the global response to climate change in 2005.
claimThe American Meteorological Society issued an information statement titled 'Climate Change' in 2019.
claimThe American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Board issued a statement on climate change in 2014.
claimThere are nearly 200 worldwide scientific organizations that hold the position that climate change has been caused by human action.
claimEighteen scientific associations issued a statement on climate change in 2009.
claimThe Geological Society of America (GSA) issued a position statement on climate change in 2015.
quoteObservations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.
claimEleven international science academies stated in 2005 that climate change is real, significant global warming is occurring, and it is likely that most of the warming in recent decades can be attributed to human activities.
quoteObservations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.
claimThe U.S. Global Change Research Program, representing 13 U.S. government departments and agencies, stated in 2018 that Earth’s climate is changing faster than at any point in the history of modern civilization, primarily as a result of human activities.
claimScientific evidence indicates that human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels, have warmed Earth's surface and ocean basins, impacting the global climate.
claimThe American Chemical Society (ACS) issued a public policy statement on climate change covering the period 2016-2019.
quoteThe American Medical Association supports the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s fourth assessment report and concurs with the scientific consensus that the Earth is undergoing adverse global climate change and that anthropogenic contributions are significant.
quoteThe American Physical Society states that Earth's changing climate poses the risk of significant environmental, social, and economic disruptions, and that multiple lines of evidence indicate human influences have had an increasingly dominant effect on global climate warming observed since the mid-twentieth century.
quoteThe American Physical Society stated in 2015: "Earth's changing climate is a critical issue and poses the risk of significant environmental, social and economic disruptions around the globe. While natural sources of climate variability are significant, multiple lines of evidence indicate that human influences have had an increasingly dominant effect on global climate warming observed since the mid-twentieth century."
Climate Change & Its Impact on Migration and Breeding Cycles husson.edu Aug 20, 2025 17 facts
claimClimate change impacts diverse animal groups, including migratory birds, marine life, and land mammals, revealing both vulnerability and adaptation.
claimArctic caribou are delaying migration and experiencing increased stress from insect swarms and unpredictable conditions due to climate change.
claimConservationists are protecting critical routes, restoring habitats, and using scientific tools to support ecosystem adaptation in response to climate change-driven wildlife behavior disruption.
claimRising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events are disrupting the natural cues that animals rely on for survival.
claimClimate change-induced behavioral shifts in animals ripple across ecosystems, affecting food chains, predator-prey relationships, and plant life.
claimWarmer sand temperatures caused by climate change are leading to skewed sex ratios in sea turtle populations.
claimSome insect populations are expanding into new territories as their preferred climate zones shift due to climate change.
claimClimate change impacts on wildlife ripple across ecosystems, affecting food chains, predator-prey relationships, and plant life.
claimClimate change-induced timing mismatches occur when pollinators arrive after flowering plants have already bloomed.
claimClimate change disrupts the timing and success of animal breeding.
claimPollinators are arriving after flowering plants have already bloomed, creating a timing mismatch caused by climate change.
claimClimate change is impacting natural rhythms in species migration that had remained steady for centuries.
claimLong-distance songbirds with rigid migration calendars face challenges because seasonal cues are becoming unreliable due to climate change.
claimShifts in species migration caused by climate change have cascading effects across entire biodiversity networks.
claimArctic caribou face migration disruptions because thawing ice makes river crossings more dangerous and warmer weather increases insect harassment along their traditional routes.
claimShifting temperature patterns, changing food availability, and habitat transformation caused by climate change are forcing species to alter their behaviors and movement.
measurementCaspian red deer in mountainous regions have started ascending to summer elevations up to 20 days earlier than in previous decades, a shift linked to warming temperature patterns.
Misleading U.S. Department of Energy climate report chooses bias ... science.feedback.org Aug 5, 2025 12 facts
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) summarized that climate change has already affected food security due to warming, changing precipitation patterns, and the greater frequency of some extreme events, with high confidence.
perspectiveClimate scientists state that the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) climate report is biased toward understating the consequences of climate change and the scientific confidence that human-driven greenhouse gas emissions are the primary driver of climate change.
referenceSingh et al. (2023) published 'Climate change impacts on plant pathogens, food security and paths forward' in Nature Reviews Microbiology.
referenceHultgren et al. (2025) published 'Impacts of climate change on global agriculture accounting for adaptation' in Nature.
claimThe U.S. Department of Energy report implies that there is no statistically significant evidence that climate change has intensified extreme weather events.
perspectiveDelphine Deryng, a Lead Author of the IPCC AR6 WGII, states that while rising CO2 is beneficial to an extent, one must consider all direct and indirect aspects of its effect on climate change.
perspectiveThe U.S. Department of Energy report implies that human actions like forest management practices have impacted U.S. wildfire activity, while climate change has not.
claimClimate change increases the risk of hot and dry weather conditions that exacerbate wildfires.
claimA 2025 paper found that the increase in wildfires in Western North America is overwhelmingly caused by climate change.
claimAuthors of the U.S. Department of Energy report on climate change focus only on historic trends and exclude a discussion of theories and models when summarizing climate scientists' understanding of extreme weather events.
perspectiveThe U.S. Department of Energy report on climate change is selective in its analysis, specifically by claiming solar forcing is a major uncertainty while ignoring that global temperatures have continued to rise since 2000 despite a decline in total solar irradiance.
referenceHoegh-Guldberg et al. published a study titled 'Coral Reef Ecosystems under Climate Change and Ocean Acidification' in Frontiers in Marine Science in 2017.
How a major DOE report hides the whole truth on climate change politico.com Sep 27, 2025 11 facts
claimSteven Koonin, an author of the Department of Energy (DOE) report on climate change, previously worked as the chief scientist for BP.
quoteEnergy Secretary Chris Wright stated on CNN: "We want to have a real debate and discussion about climate change, and get away from the cancel culture."
claimThe Department of Energy report cites research by Willie Soon three times as evidence that the sun is a driver of climate change.
measurementThe most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) global assessment on climate change included 743 experts from around the world.
claimClimate scientists have found that climate change is causing hurricanes to intensify and drop more rain, rather than predicting an increase in the total number of hurricanes as suggested by the Department of Energy (DOE) report.
claimThe author biographies in the Department of Energy (DOE) report on climate change emphasize academic and government experience but omit the authors' affiliations with groups that advocate against climate policy.
claimA 141-page climate science review commissioned by Energy Secretary Chris Wright argues that climate change is a challenge rather than a catastrophe.
claimThe Department of Energy (DOE) report claims that climate change is not as dangerous as scientists assert, citing the IPCC as a source for this position.
claimBen Santer claims that the Department of Energy (DOE) report on climate change selectively chooses which model simulations and observations to present.
perspectiveEnergy Secretary Chris Wright argues that scientific debate regarding climate change is stifled, alarmist claims are elevated, and the truth is buried by partisan and corrupt researchers.
claimThe National Academies stated that human-caused emissions of greenhouse gases and resulting climate change harm the health of people in the United States.
How Climate Change Affects Winter Wildlife - The Nature Conservancy nature.org Feb 4, 2025 10 facts
claimMaintaining connections between habitat areas allows wildlife to seek out suitable conditions as the climate shifts.
claimClimate change forces species that require deep snow and cold winters to retreat to higher elevations and further north, which can lead to the disconnection of their populations across the northern United States and Canada.
claimThe Nature Conservancy conducted a 10-year study to identify climate-resilient and connected landscapes across the United States that could help animals adapt to a changing climate.
claimClimate change, characterized by shorter winters, thinner snowpack, and more extreme temperatures, threatens the survival strategies of wildlife species that have evolved over thousands of years.
claimThe physical adaptations of Canada lynx, such as thick coats and large paws, are likely poorly suited for warming temperatures.
claimAs the climate warms, species that require deep snow and cold winters are forced to retreat to higher elevations and further north, which can result in the disconnection of their populations.
claimClimate change-induced droughts and shorter plant growing seasons threaten the availability of forage on seasonal ranges and along migratory routes, which can negatively affect wildlife survival and reproduction.
claimClimate change negatively impacts pikas by causing drier summers, which reduces available forage grass, and thinner snowpack, which exposes pikas to colder temperatures.
claimThe color change in snowshoe hares and ermine is triggered by the sun rather than the weather, which causes a mismatch in coat color as winters shorten due to climate change.
claimResearchers are concerned that shorter winters and more extreme temperatures caused by climate change may negatively affect animals that rely on hibernation.
An integrated climate-biodiversity framework to improve planning ... ecologyandsociety.org 9 facts
claimClimate change and biodiversity loss are identified as critical sustainability issues facing communities locally and globally.
procedureThe procedure to create the Integrated Climate-Biodiversity Framework (ICBF) involved: (1) conducting a Google Scholar search using the terms “climate change”, “biodiversity”, “co-benefits”, “trade-offs”, and “review”; (2) short-listing reviews that referred to both climate action and biodiversity strategies and outcomes; (3) reducing the initial selection of 22 papers to 16 by removing those with vague discussions of strategies and policies; (4) enriching the selection with five additional papers that used survey or systems mapping approaches or focused on the intersection of climate and biodiversity; (5) importing the final 21 papers into Mendeley (v.1.19.4) reference management software; and (6) identifying co-benefits and trade-offs using a thematic coding approach categorized as “strategies” or “outcomes”.
claimThe authors of the Integrated Climate-Biodiversity Framework (ICBF) synthesized multiple literature reviews because most existing reviews focus on either climate change or biodiversity individually, whereas the ICBF aims to synthesize both, and because many reviews are limited to specific sectors like agriculture or forestry.
referenceLister, Brocki, and Ament (2015) present an integrated adaptive design for wildlife movement under climate change in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.
referenceReynolds et al. (2020) conducted a case study in Indiana, USA, to examine the implications of climate change for the management of urban green infrastructure.
claimAn integrated approach to wildlife crossing efforts should incorporate long-term planning and recognize sustainable imperatives regarding traffic reduction and the optimal scale of transportation networks, especially as wildlife migration patterns shift due to climate change.
claimClimate change is a major threat to global ecosystems, which implies that effective climate action strategies can indirectly benefit biodiversity.
claimClimate change and biodiversity loss are two of the most significant issues facing the planet.
claimThe Integrated Climate-Biodiversity Framework (ICBF) aligns policy and planning with climate change and biodiversity objectives, which are identified as critical sustainability issues by Rockström et al. (2009), Steffen et al. (2015), the IPCC (2018), and the IPBES (2019).
Global perspectives on energy technology assessment and ... link.springer.com Oct 30, 2025 9 facts
referencePimenow S, Pimenowa O, and Prus P examined the challenges of artificial intelligence development regarding energy consumption and climate change impact in a 2024 article in Energies.
claimRenewable energy technologies are considered a crucial strategy for mitigating climate change due to their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decrease dependence on fossil fuels.
referenceAbidi and Nsaibi (2024) conducted a comprehensive study on the effectiveness of renewable energy in mitigating climate change and supporting adaptation.
referenceHaldar and Sethi (2023) investigated the effects of renewable energy, innovation, and governance on climate change and economic growth in emerging Asia.
referenceOlaniyi, Okesiji, and Akinbamilowo (2025) analyzed renewable energy policies aimed at addressing energy poverty and mitigating climate change in sub-Saharan Africa.
claimClimate change can be mitigated through the modification, dispensation, and improved efficiency of renewable energy sources.
claimResearchers can integrate diverse sensors such as MQ-135 and DHT11 to track climate change and understand environmental conditions.
claimAI can analyze renewable energy policy scenarios, generate models to anticipate long-term impacts of renewable energy integration, and assess climate change risks using machine learning and deep learning functions.
claimApplying AI technologies to data from weather stations and satellites allows for a more comprehensive analysis of climatic trends and uncertainty, which helps policymakers better prepare for and respond to climate change.
How governments address climate change through carbon pricing ... nature.com Apr 15, 2025 9 facts
quoteCarbon pricing policies offer "an efficient way to mitigate climate change as it provides households and businesses with economic incentives for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions."
claimVoters who elect parties with a strong focus on economic growth cannot expect those parties to prioritize ambitious policies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change over their economic agenda.
claimLisa Klagges declared no competing interests regarding the publication of the article 'How governments address climate change through carbon pricing intensity.'
claimDemocratic OECD countries are highly relevant to the study of carbon pricing intensity because they have contributed significantly to climate change through carbon-intensive development and continue to account for a large share of global emissions.
referenceAntal and van den Bergh (2016) analyzed conceptual and empirical considerations regarding green growth and climate change.
claimLisa Klagges authored the article titled 'How governments address climate change through carbon pricing intensity,' which was published in npj Climate Action in 2025.
referenceAntal and van den Bergh (2016) explored conceptual and empirical considerations regarding the relationship between green growth and climate change.
referenceFinnegan (2022) examines the role of institutions in climate change and the foundations of long-term policymaking in the journal Comparative Political Studies.
claimGovernments may mitigate climate change using instruments such as subsidies or permits rather than relying exclusively on intensive carbon pricing.
Measurement of diets that are healthy, environmentally sustainable ... frontiersin.org 8 facts
referenceThe paper 'Measurement of diets that are healthy, environmentally sustainable...' reviewed studies published between January 2015 and December 2021 that examined dietary patterns in relation to at least two of four thematic pillars: planetary health (climate change, environmental quality, natural resource impacts), human health and disease, economic outcomes (diet cost/affordability), and social outcomes (wages, working conditions, culturally relevant diets).
procedureThe research team developed 12 categories for environmental outcomes: climate change, land, water, energy, nitrogen or phosphorus, toxicity, eutrophication, composite environmental indicator, acidification, biodiversity, air pollution, or other.
referenceSpringmann et al. (2016) analyzed and valued the health and climate change co-benefits of dietary change in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
measurementAmong the 132 environment-related outcomes analyzed in the 42 reviewed papers, the most frequent categories were climate change (33.3%), land use (15.2%), and water use (13.6%).
referenceEnvironmental outcomes in sustainable diet studies, such as climate change, toxicity, and particulate matter pollution, are often estimated at the 'midpoint level' using life cycle assessment (LCA) terminology, which assesses impacts along the causal chain between resource use or emissions and final outcomes.
claimSpringmann et al. (9) categorized the social cost of carbon under the 'Climate Change' pillar, despite using USD trillion as the unit of analysis.
claimFood systems simultaneously generate significant greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change, underpin dietary patterns associated with a global escalation of non-communicable diseases, leave millions undernourished, and allow for the exploitation of food system workers.
referenceThornton et al. published 'The price tag for transforming food systems under climate change' as a policy brief for Clim-Eat in 2022.
Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in ... iopscience.iop.org Oct 19, 2021 7 facts
procedureThe authors of the current study searched the Web of Science for English-language articles published between 2012 and November 2020 using the keywords 'climate change', 'global climate change', and 'global warming' to re-examine the scientific consensus on climate change.
measurementA majority of the papers categorized by the authors as being about the 'impacts' of climate change did not explicitly state a position on whether the changing climate was human-caused.
claimThe authors of the study excluded social science, education, and research papers regarding public views on climate change from their dataset because these articles did not constitute original scientific work on climate change.
measurementThe scientific consensus regarding the role of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in modern climate change likely exceeds 99% and may be as high as 99.9%.
claimThe peer-reviewed scientific literature shows greater than 99% agreement that greenhouse gas emissions from human activities are the principal driver of modern climate change since the Industrial Revolution.
claimImpacts research, as defined by the C13 methodology, examines the effects of climate change on the environment, ecosystems, or humanity, such as studies on how global climate change and human activities like fisheries affect the population dynamics of marine top predators.
claimThe authors of the paper argue that papers rated as 'no position' (4a) should not be excluded from consensus calculations because they do not differ from the consensus view that Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions are the principal driver of climate change.
Realist Review on Just Transition Towards Low Emission, Climate ... link.springer.com Jan 5, 2026 7 facts
claimThe world is currently experiencing multiple interconnected environmental crises, specifically climate change, biodiversity loss, and the degradation of land and oceans.
claimThe concept of 'just transition' applies to responses to wider environmental challenges beyond climate change, including biodiversity loss and pollution.
claimWorkers and smallholders in the informal economy of developing countries typically lack coverage by social protection schemes, which increases their vulnerability to shocks such as those caused by climate change, according to Leal et al. (2022).
claimA mapping of interventions found relatively low incidences of efforts helping to avoid, minimize, or mitigate job losses and negative social outcomes resulting from climate change, and even fewer instances of interventions reporting reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
referenceThe goal of transitioning away from high-polluting agricultural practices is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (specifically methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide) while creating resilient food systems that support population growth, adapt to climate change, and reduce biodiversity loss, according to the Green Climate Fund (2021a).
referenceThe 'Climate Risks in the Agricultural Sector' briefing by David Carlin, Maheen Arshad, and Katy Baker (2023) provides insights for financial institutions regarding risks associated with climate change in agriculture.
claimThe United Nations Development Programme (2022a) identifies five ways a just transition helps tackle climate change: (i) demonstrating socioeconomic benefits of a green transition to the public, (ii) supporting a green jobs revolution, (iii) laying social groundwork for a resilient net-zero economy, (iv) driving local solutions, and (v) reinforcing the urgency for concerted efforts to combat climate change.
“The Old Foods Are the New Foods!”: Erosion and Revitalization of ... frontiersin.org 7 facts
perspectiveThe authors of "The Old Foods Are the New Foods!" focused their analysis on human-caused impacts and factors influencing Indigenous food use, excluding geographical or physical factors, with the exception of climate change.
claimThe arrival of newcomers has caused various environmental and ecological shocks for Indigenous communities, including invasive species, epidemic diseases, insect pests, impacts on pollinators, deforestation, biodiversity loss, wetland destruction, contamination, and climate change.
claimEnvironmental changes such as urbanization, pollution, deforestation, invasive species, loss of pollinators, and climate change negatively impact Indigenous food systems and their resilience.
claimIndigenous Peoples are utilizing ancestral knowledge and practices to respond to challenges such as climate change, resource extraction, and the COVID-19 pandemic.
perspectiveThe authors of "The Old Foods Are the New Foods!" classify climate change as an anthropogenic threat that needs to be addressed.
claimThe dispossession of Indigenous Peoples' homelands, commercial overharvesting, pollution, habitat loss, invasive species, and climate change are negative factors that impact Indigenous food systems.
claimFactors contributing to the revitalization of Indigenous food systems include reconnecting to ancestral lands and waters, implementing controls on commercial harvesting, practicing ethnoecological restoration, protecting wetlands, and working to reduce or reverse climate change.
National Academies Publish New Report Reviewing Evidence for ... nationalacademies.org Sep 17, 2025 7 facts
claimClimate change has increased exposure to pollutants from wildfire smoke and dust, which is linked to adverse health effects, including cardiovascular, respiratory, and other diseases.
claimHuman-caused emissions of greenhouse gases and resulting climate change harm the health of people in the United States by intensifying risks from extreme heat, ground-level ozone, airborne particulate matter, extreme weather events, and airborne allergens.
claimU.S. energy systems, infrastructure, and communities are experiencing increasing stress and costs due to the effects of climate change.
claimClimate change, including increased variability and wildfires, is altering the composition and function of forest and grassland ecosystems.
claimClimate-sensitive infectious diseases, such as those carried by insects and contaminated water, have increased in incidence due to climate change.
claimAdaptation measures can help people cope with the harmful impacts of climate change, but they cannot remove the risk of harm entirely.
claimEmerging evidence suggests climate change impacts mental health, nutrition, immune health, antimicrobial resistance, kidney disease, and pregnancy-related outcomes.
Scientists Say New Government Climate Report Twists Their Work wired.com Jul 30, 2025 5 facts
claimThere is a consensus among mainstream academics regarding the severity and importance of climate change, though open questions about specific portions of the science remain.
quoteDepartment of Energy Secretary Chris Wright stated: "We slid back into sort of a cancel culture, Orwellian squelching of science in talking about ‘the’ science, as opposed to the process that is science. We need to restore some common sense around climate change and energy."
quote“I want to make it clear that our results should not be interpreted to mean ocean acidification (or climate change more generally) is not a problem,”
claimThe Department of Energy released a report that purports to provide a critical assessment of the conventional narrative on climate change.
claimThe Department of Energy report on climate change critically assesses areas of scientific inquiry that are frequently assigned high levels of confidence by political bodies such as the United Nations or previous Presidential administrations.
Sustainability through business model innovation and climate ... nature.com Jan 20, 2025 5 facts
claimThe authors of the study hypothesize that developing countries can strengthen their resilience and better cope with climate change challenges by addressing key barriers and leveraging opportunities for adaptation.
claimInvesting in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and sustainable infrastructure through green finance contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, mitigating climate change impacts, and enhancing environmental quality.
claimDeveloping nations face significant socio-economic challenges due to climate change, including disruptions in agriculture, water scarcity, extreme weather events, and rising sea levels.
claimThe study hypothesizes that developing countries are disproportionately affected by climate change impacts compared to developed countries due to their lower adaptive capacity.
claimThe study investigates how factors such as limited resources, infrastructure deficits, and socio-economic disparities contribute to the heightened vulnerability of developing nations to climate change.
Implications of the Western Diet for Agricultural Production, Health ... frontiersin.org 5 facts
referenceRipple et al. (2013) examined the relationship between ruminants, climate change, and climate policy.
claimIn the USA, rising temperatures resulting from global climate change may deactivate metabolic processes in brown adipose tissue, potentially leading to insulin resistance and an increased prevalence of diabetes, according to Blauw et al. (2017).
perspectiveThe authors of the article "Implications of the Western Diet for Agricultural Production, Health and Climate Change" state that all claims expressed in the article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of their affiliated organizations, the publisher, the editors, or the reviewers.
referenceVázquez-Rowe et al. (2017) estimated the carbon footprint of dietary patterns in Peru to identify opportunities for climate change mitigation.
claimThe article titled "Implications of the Western Diet for Agricultural Production, Health and Climate Change" was published in the journal Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems on December 20, 2018.
Department of Energy Issues Report Evaluating Impact of ... energy.gov Jul 30, 2025 5 facts
quoteU.S. Secretary of Energy Chris Wright stated: “The rise of human flourishing over the past two centuries is a story worth celebrating. Yet we are told—relentlessly—that the very energy systems that enabled this progress now pose an existential threat. Climate change is real, and it deserves attention. But it is not the greatest threat facing humanity. As someone who values data, I know that improving the human condition depends on expanding access to reliable, affordable energy.”
claimRoy W. Spencer's research focuses on monitoring weather processes and climate change from Earth-orbiting satellites and using physical models to diagnose climate sensitivity and climate feedbacks.
claimThe 2025 Climate Working Group report finds that U.S. policy actions are expected to have undetectably small direct impacts on the global climate and any effects will emerge only with long delays.
quote"Climate change is real, and it deserves attention. But it is not the greatest threat facing humanity. As someone who values data, I know that improving the human condition depends on expanding access to reliable, affordable energy."
claimThe report "A Critical Review of Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on the U.S. Climate" finds that U.S. policy actions are expected to have undetectably small direct impacts on the global climate and that any effects will emerge only with long delays.
Ecology: Nature's Interactions and Ecosystem Dynamics scholarsresearchlibrary.com 5 facts
referenceBiosphere ecology studies large-scale ecological processes, such as global climate change, biodiversity loss, and the cycling of essential elements like carbon and nitrogen, across the biosphere, which is the sum of all ecosystems on Earth.
claimRapid environmental changes caused by climate change lead to species extinction for those unable to adapt, while others may thrive, causing imbalances in ecosystem dynamics.
claimClimate change, primarily driven by the increase in greenhouse gases from human activities, is a profound impact on ecosystems.
claimHabitat destruction reduces biodiversity, while pollution and climate change alter ecosystems, making them less stable and less capable of supporting life.
claimDeforestation, pollution, overfishing, and climate change are significant ecological challenges.
Isn't there a lot of disagreement among climate scientists about ... climate.gov Feb 3, 2020 4 facts
claimA large majority of climate scientists agree that the average global temperature today is warmer than in pre-industrial times and that human activity is the most significant factor driving this change.
quoteAn IPCC press release states: "Thousands of people from all over the world contribute to the work of the IPCC. For the assessment reports, IPCC scientists volunteer their time to assess the thousands of scientific papers published each year to provide a comprehensive summary of what is known about the drivers of climate change, its impacts and future risks, and how adaptation and mitigation can reduce those risks."
claimThe U.S. Global Change Research Program has published a series of scientific reports documenting the causes and impacts of global climate change.
quoteThe National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine stated on their climate home page: "Scientists have known for some time, from multiple lines of evidence, that humans are changing Earth’s climate, primarily through greenhouse gas emissions," and that "Climate change is increasingly affecting people’s lives."
The interplay of future solar energy, land cover change, and their ... discovery.researcher.life Jun 9, 2024 4 facts
claimClimate change and Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes are two of the most significant causes of environmental change.
claimClimate change and Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes are believed to influence soil erosion.
perspectiveProactive approaches including proper land use planning and rainwater storage are urgently needed to mitigate flood risks, as climate change is expected to trigger more frequent flooding.
claimClimate change and Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes are interrelated, as land use change may drive climate change, and a changing climate may result in land cover changes.
U.S.-China Relations cfr.org 4 facts
accountU.S. President Joe Biden and Chinese President Xi Jinping held a phone call on April 2, 2024, to reiterate their agenda from the November 2023 summit and discuss climate change and people-to-people exchanges.
claimDuring the June 2013 Sunnylands Summit, President Barack Obama and President Xi Jinping pledged to cooperate on bilateral, regional, and global issues, specifically citing climate change and North Korea.
accountPresident Barack Obama and President Xi Jinping issued a joint statement on climate change at the 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit, pledging to reduce carbon emissions.
claimThe United States and China have maintained a bilateral relationship characterized by periods of both tension and cooperation regarding trade, climate change, and Taiwan since 1949.
Wild edible plants for food security, dietary diversity, and nutraceuticals frontiersin.org Nov 27, 2025 4 facts
referenceMauri K. Åhlberg (2025) published an article in the journal Foods titled 'Wild edible plants: ensuring sustainable food security in an era of climate change', which discusses the role of wild edible plants in food security.
claimIntegrating Wild Edible Plants (WEPs) into food systems helps address climate change, food insecurity, and reduces dependence on staple cereals.
claimInformation regarding the biology, ecology, usage dynamics, and climate change impacts on wild edible plants is scarce, as reported by Borelli et al. (2020).
referenceManda et al. (2025) discussed the progress of in situ conservation and the use of crop wild relatives for food security in a changing climate, specifically focusing on the underutilized Vigna Savi, published in Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems.
A Scoping Review of Indicators for Sustainable Healthy Diets frontiersin.org Jan 12, 2022 4 facts
referenceVermeulen, Campbell, and Ingram (2012) reviewed the relationship between climate change and food systems.
referenceSwinburn et al. (2019) published 'The global syndemic of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change: The Lancet Commission report' in The Lancet, which addresses the interconnected issues of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change.
claimThe health effects of climate change will compound global health challenges by impacting crop yields, the nutrient quality of foods, and changing land and ocean temperatures, as reported by Myers et al. (2017).
referenceMyers et al. (2017) assessed the potential impacts of climate change on global food systems, food security, and undernutrition in the article 'Climate change and global food systems: potential impacts on food security and undernutrition' published in Annual Review of Public Health.
Dozens of scientists push back on 'fundamentally ... - ABC News abcnews.com Sep 3, 2025 4 facts
claimExperts reviewing the Department of Energy (DOE) report on climate change characterized the document as containing "biased assessments" and "fundamentally flawed" arguments.
claimNeumann stated that the Department of Energy report fails to acknowledge that the benefits of climate change are offset by broader impacts such as rising temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, and extreme weather, which pose challenges to agriculture.
claimMore than 85 climate scientists released a critical review of a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) report on climate change, characterizing the report as biased, full of errors, and unfit to inform policymaking.
claimNeumann asserts that for most regions in the United States and globally, the net effect of climate change on food production is projected to be negative, contradicting the Department of Energy report's suggestions.
Editorial: Local, traditional and indigenous food systems in the 21st ... frontiersin.org 4 facts
claimFocusing on local, traditional, and indigenous food systems and nutrition could help countries improve human nutrition and mitigate the global syndemic of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change.
claimAhmed et al. suggest that more research is needed to discern how climate change impacts wild food environments, alongside greater conservation efforts and place-based education on wild food procurement.
claimThe Research Topic titled 'Local, traditional and indigenous food systems in the 21st century to combat obesity, undernutrition and climate change' consists of 12 scholarly articles focused on local and traditional food systems, with the goal of contributing solutions to climate and health crises.
claimThe world currently faces a global syndemic characterized by obesity, undernutrition, and climate change.
How Climate Change Affects Bird Migration Patterns | Britannica britannica.com Oct 3, 2024 4 facts
claimThe tendency of migratory birds to arrive earlier and spend longer periods in Germany is a biological adaptation to changing climatic conditions caused by climate change.
claimBerthold predicts that within 50 years, Germany could be home to flamingos and nesting grounds for at least three species of parrots due to the rapid pace of climate change.
claimDetailed records maintained by ornithologists indicate that the decline of stork populations in Germany is related to climate change.
claimBerthold asserts that birds are the best natural indicators for monitoring climate change because they are the most tracked of all animal species.
How the intersection of modern diets, climate, and food systems is ... medicalxpress.com Nov 17, 2025 4 facts
referenceJames R Hébert et al. published the article 'Perspective: Food Environment, Climate Change, Inflammation, Diet, and Health' in Advances in Nutrition in 2025 (DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100504).
quoteJames Hébert stated: "Human activities have contributed to large shifts in the global climate, with far-reaching impacts on ecosystems, societies and human health."
referenceResearchers at the University of South Carolina published a review in the journal Advances in Nutrition examining the intersection of diet-induced inflammation, climate change, and food systems, led by nutrition epidemiologist James Hébert.
quoteGeoff Scott stated: "The global climate crisis has led to a decline in biodiversity while concurrently amplifying environmental stressors with significant implications for human health. Of particular concern are the climate change effects on soil health, which affects not only agriculture but also natural ecosystems."
Carbon Pricing for Inclusive Prosperity: The Role of Public Support econfip.org 3 facts
measurementUnmitigated global climate change is projected to reduce global GDP by 23% by the end of the 21st century, according to projections by Burke et al. (2015).
claimNordhaus (2019) characterizes climate change as the ultimate challenge for the field of economics.
claimLeichenko and Silva (2014) analyze the relationship between climate change and poverty, specifically focusing on vulnerability, impacts, and alleviation strategies.
The Energy Department "Red Team" Critique of Greenhouse-Gas ... revkin.substack.com Jul 31, 2025 3 facts
claimThe Secretary of Energy's Foreword in the Department of Energy report frames climate change as a "challenge—not a catastrophe" and prioritizes energy poverty over climate impacts.
perspectiveThe framing of climate change as a "challenge—not a catastrophe" in the Department of Energy report risks alienating readers who view climate change as an urgent threat and may limit the report's impact on policy discussions.
claimThe Energy Department report claims that U.S. policy actions are expected to have undetectably small direct impacts on the global climate and that any effects will emerge only with long delays.
From Pole to Shining Pole: Animal Migrations and Changing Climate sos.noaa.gov 3 facts
claimChanges in animal migration routes due to climate change may impact species that travel the longest distances and humans living along those migration paths.
claimRapidly changing climate and the reduction or fracturing of cold-weather habitats are forcing many animal species to alter their summering grounds.
claimThe 'From Pole to Shining Pole' educational module includes a model illustrating how birds, mammals, and amphibians will likely need to adjust their migration routes in response to climate change.
David Ludwig (Wageningen University and Research): Publications ... philpeople.org 3 facts
claimTransdisciplinary methods in research promise effective and just responses to planetary crises like biodiversity loss, climate change, and food security, but they create challenges by requiring collaboration among actors with different frameworks, such as scientists, Indigenous and local communities, and policy makers.
claimEthnobiology has increasingly focused on applied and normative issues, including climate change adaptation, forest management, and sustainable agriculture.
claimThe livelihoods of fishing communities are entangled with global socio-environmental challenges such as climate change, declining fishing stocks, and ocean pollution.
DOE reframes climate consensus as a debate - E&E News eenews.net Jul 31, 2025 3 facts
perspectiveBurgess advocates for an 'adversarial collaboration' to change the scientific discourse regarding climate change.
claimAndrew Dessler, a climate scientist at Texas A&M University, stated that the DOE report included his research on climate change and mortality rates but omitted context and key facts to create a misleading impression.
quote“Attribution of climate change or extreme weather events to human CO2 emissions is challenged by natural climate variability, data limitations, and inherent model deficiencies,” the DOE report concluded.
Greenhouse gases emissions and global climate change - PubMed pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Jul 20, 2024 3 facts
claimCarbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the key greenhouse gas components influencing climate change.
claimThe combustion of fossil fuels, agriculture, and industrial processes are identified as diverse sources of greenhouse gases contributing to climate change.
claimConsequences of climate change include more frequent and intense extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and negative impacts on ecosystems and human health.
Actar Publishers actar.com 3 facts
claimThe research presented in 'Designing Resilience in Asia' addresses climate change impacts including coastal and river flooding, water and air pollution, water scarcity, urban heat island effects, aquifer depletion, and subsidence.
referenceThe publication 'Designing Resilience in Asia' compiles work from academics, professionals, and scholars from 20 universities worldwide to serve as a guide for mitigating climate change effects through carbon-neutral or carbon net-positive urban designs.
perspectiveStefano Boeri Architetti argues that cities must be included as principal players in the environmental debate and at the forefront of policies tackling climate change.
How the “Scientific Consensus” on Global Warming Affects ... heritage.org Oct 26, 2010 3 facts
claimThe scientific consensus on global warming is not as settled as the public has been led to believe, due to recent flaws discovered in scientific assessments of climate change.
quoteProminent scientists described political action regarding climate change as "irresponsible and immoral" due to a lack of credible evidence.
claimThe Heritage Foundation asserts that the United States Congress has spent years and billions of dollars building policy around an alleged scientific consensus on climate change, which the organization claims threatens the country's economic potential.
The International Implications of the Russo-Ukrainian War link.springer.com 3 facts
claimAfrica's reliance on energy and food imports makes the continent highly susceptible to the ripple effects of international conflicts, a situation exacerbated by pre-existing challenges such as climate change, political instability, and the economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.
claimThe energy crisis triggered by the Russo-Ukrainian War has forced nations to revert to environmentally harmful practices, which undermines global efforts to combat climate change.
referenceThe United Nations published a report in 2022 examining the relationship between climate change and the activities of armed groups.
Climate Change is Affecting Hibernation Patterns of Animals - PBS pbs.org Oct 23, 2022 3 facts
claimClimate change impacts hibernation patterns, particularly in facultative hibernators whose hibernation behavior changes based on environmental conditions.
claimWarmer summers caused by climate change could lead to droughts that dry up food sources, preventing hibernating animals from storing sufficient fat to survive the winter.
claimHibernating animals may face food scarcity or increased competition if climate change causes them to wake from hibernation before their food sources are available.
99.9% of studies agree humans caused climate change openaccessgovernment.org Oct 19, 2021 3 facts
measurementThe Pew Research Center found that only 27% of U.S. adults believe that “almost all” scientists agree that climate change is due to human activity.
measurementResearchers examined a randomized sample of 3,000 studies from a dataset of 88,125 English-language climate papers published between 2012 and 2020 and found that only four were skeptical of human-caused climate change.
measurementMore than 99.9% of peer-reviewed scientific papers agree that humans are the main cause of climate change, according to a survey of 88,125 climate-related studies.
Research & Publications – Home - MIT Sites sites.mit.edu 3 facts
claimTrade policy plays an important role in supporting decarbonization efforts and facilitating adaptation to climate change.
claimGlobal efforts to address climate change are increasingly in conflict with strategic self-interest and great power politics, particularly at the nexus of climate and trade policy.
claimInternational cooperation on climate change and trade is intensifying through numerous initiatives launched at the multilateral, plurilateral, and bilateral levels.
Balancing land use for conservation, agriculture, and renewable ... nature.com Mar 7, 2026 3 facts
referenceBoakes et al. (2024) studied the impacts of the global food system on terrestrial biodiversity, specifically focusing on the effects of land use and climate change.
referenceGernaat, D. E. H. J. et al. published 'Climate change impacts on renewable energy supply' in Nature Climate Change in 2021, which analyzes how climate change affects the generation capacity of renewable energy sources.
referenceThe authors developed a flexible, multiple-objective framework designed to strategically allocate land to mitigate threats to biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people under climate change while supporting development.
China's Global Security Initiative and Russia's Eurasian Security ... valdaiclub.com Jan 28, 2026 3 facts
claimClimate change, artificial intelligence, and space cooperation are the most important areas of non-traditional security in the 21st century.
claimChina and Russia can expand the international influence of their security initiatives by cooperating with Global South countries on climate change, strengthening international security governance in artificial intelligence, and upholding the international order of outer space based on international law.
claimChina and Russia can collaborate on issues vital to the stability of the Global South, specifically economic development, food security, energy supply, and climate change.
Strategic Rivalry between United States and China swp-berlin.org 3 facts
claimMultilateral organizations are currently paralyzed, making it difficult to advance existing institutions and rulebooks to address transnational challenges like climate change, inequality, and pandemics.
claimTransnational phenomena such as climate change, inequality, and pandemics constitute the greatest political challenges of the current era.
claimTransnational phenomena, including climate change, inequality, and pandemics, constitute the greatest political challenges of the current era.
Navigating market and political uncertainties in the age of energy ... brookings.edu Mar 11, 2025 2 facts
claimClimate change is a global challenge where laggards in the energy transition negatively impact all nations.
perspectiveU.S. President Donald Trump campaigned on a promise to reduce efforts to lower greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.
Opportunities and Challenges of a Global Renewable Energy Goal worldfuturecouncil.org 2 facts
Renewables vs. Nature: What the Race to Net Zero Really Means for ... landconservationnetwork.org Jan 9, 2025 2 facts
claimClimate change is the factor that presents the greatest long-term threat to biodiversity.
quoteBronya Lipski, a senior policy officer at the Australian Clean Energy Council, stated in an article for The Guardian: “Industry is required to avoid and minimize their particular impact but cannot be expected to single-handedly support species recovery when so many other threats [such as habitat loss and climate change] are ignored”.
Sustainable Business Models | Springer Nature Link link.springer.com Nov 8, 2020 2 facts
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published the 'Summary for policy-makers' in 2018.
referenceSlawinski, Pinkse, Busch, and Banerjee (2017) published 'The role of short-termism and uncertainty avoidance in organizational inaction on climate change: a multi-level framework' in the journal Business & Society.
Nuclear Energy and Climate Change Mitigation everycrsreport.com Apr 1, 2025 2 facts
referenceAmory B. Lovins published an article titled 'Does Nuclear Power Slow Or Speed Climate Change?' in Forbes on November 18, 2019.
perspectiveM. Z. Jacobson argues that nuclear energy is not the answer to solving climate change, citing seven reasons for this position.
A critical review of industrial fiber hemp anatomy, agronomic ... bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu 2 facts
referenceAjayi and Samuel-Foo (2021) studied the hemp pest spectrum and the potential relationship between Helicoverpa zea infestation and hemp production in the United States in the context of climate change.
claimHemp is considered one of the least damaging crops due to its reduced impacts on global warming potential, energy usage, eutrophication, and climate change.
More than 99.9% of studies agree: Humans caused climate change news.cornell.edu Oct 19, 2021 2 facts
measurementThe algorithm developed by Simon Perry processed over 88,000 climate change research papers and ranked them to prioritize those containing skeptical content.
claimDespite scientific consensus, public opinion polls and statements from politicians often incorrectly suggest that a significant debate exists among scientists regarding the cause of climate change.
Iran Country Report 2026 - BTI Transformation Index bti-project.org 2 facts
claimIran faces mounting environmental crises, including air pollution, desertification, biodiversity loss, droughts, water shortages, and sandstorms, which are exacerbated by climate change.
claimClimate change and water scarcity disproportionately affect rural regions in Iran, which rely heavily on agriculture, compounding existing poverty.
Geopolitics of the energy transition: between global challenges and ... geoprogress-edition.eu Oct 26, 2025 2 facts
perspectiveThe energy transition will mark a crucial step toward a more sustainable future by helping to combat climate change, reduce pollution, and promote prosperity and equitable development.
referenceVakulchuk R., Overland I., and Scholten D. authored the article 'Renewables, climate change, and geopolitics: Energy transition scenarios', published in the journal Nature Energy in 2020 (Volume 5, Issue 8, pages 610-620).
The geopolitics of energy transition, part 1: Six challenges for the ... ine.org.pl Oct 4, 2021 2 facts
claimEstimates regarding the depletion of non-renewable fuels indicate that a global transition to renewable energy sources will likely become inevitable in the 21st century, regardless of anthropogenic climate change.
claimThe pursuit of decarbonization is driven by the need to mitigate climate change, the anticipated exhaustion of Earth's embedded fossil resources, and the economic and political opportunities presented by the restructuring of the global economy.
Medicinal plants meet modern biodiversity science - OUCI ouci.dntb.gov.ua 2 facts
referenceSouther et al. analyze the synergistic effects of climate change and harvest on the extinction risk of American ginseng in the article 'Synergistic effects of climate change and harvest on extinction risk of American ginseng'.
referenceTshabalala et al. predicted the geographical distribution shift of medicinal plants in South Africa due to climate change.
Energy infrastructure vs climate change: increasing resilience ricardo.com Feb 20, 2025 2 facts
How governments address climate change through carbon pricing ... discovery.researcher.life Apr 15, 2025 2 facts
perspectiveGreen New Deal (GND) proposals aim to address climate change and socioeconomic inequalities simultaneously, but have been criticized by advocates of carbon-centric climate policies who argue that the broader agenda of Green New Deals undermines decarbonization efforts.
claimSocioeconomic inequalities contribute to climate change by driving emissions-intensive consumption and production, facilitating the obstruction of climate policies by wealthy elites, undermining public support for climate policy, and weakening the social foundations of collective action.
Designing Carbon Pricing Policies Across the Globe link.springer.com 2 facts
referenceThe European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (EAERE) published a 'Statement on the EU’s legislative proposals on climate change' in 2022.
referenceZickfeld K, Levermann A, Morgan MG, Kuhlbrodt T, Rahmstorf S, and Keith DW published 'Expert judgements on the response on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation to climate change' in the journal Climatic Change in 2007.
The Impact of Global Economic Trends on Personal Investments onpointcu.com Apr 18, 2024 2 facts
claimGeopolitical events that can introduce uncertainty into financial markets include elections (such as Brexit), energy price shocks, climate change (natural disasters or severe weather events disrupting supply chains), cyberattacks, and cross-border conflicts.
claimEthical investing directs capital toward companies committed to addressing global issues like climate change and social justice.
Political and social trends in the future of global security. A meta ... link.springer.com Dec 5, 2017 2 facts
measurementFrance's DAS (Délégation aux Affaires Stratégiques) estimates that there will be 220 million regional and transcontinental refugees by 2040 as a result of climate change.
claimMigratory flows are triggered by climate change, armed conflict, lack of security in megacities, technological advances, existing diasporas, and population aging in advanced countries.
Advancing U.S.-China Coordination amid Strategic Competition - CSIS csis.org Jan 15, 2025 2 facts
claimThe CSIS report asserts that if the United States and China do not find ways to coordinate on transnational challenges like food security, public health, and climate change, the consequences will include uncured diseases, worsening environmental catastrophes, increased stress on food systems, greater migration, and a higher likelihood of global conflicts.
quoteSteve Davis, chair of the project’s advisory council, stated: “game-changing opportunities for social impact across health, climate change, and food security are within reach, but [they] will depend on new mechanisms and narratives that enable collaborations between partners in the United States and China to proceed in smart, informed, and geopolitically sensitive ways.”
The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment ... nationalacademies.org 2 facts
quoteThe Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) states that coal is a low-cost mainstay of both the developed and developing world, and its use is projected to increase; because of coal’s high carbon content, increasing use will exacerbate the problem of climate change unless coal plants are deployed with very high efficiency and large scale Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is implemented; and CCS is the critical future technology option for reducing CO2 emissions while allowing coal to meet future energy needs.
claimTo avoid the most dangerous and costly effects of climate change, the global average surface temperature increase should be limited to a maximum of 2° C over preindustrial equilibrium levels.
Carbon Pricing as a Climate Policy Instrument: Global Lessons ... journal.idscipub.com Jul 31, 2025 2 facts
claimCarbon pricing is a central instrument in global strategies to mitigate climate change, though its economic, social, and environmental implications remain contested.
claimCarbon pricing is a central instrument in global strategies to mitigate climate change, though its economic, social, and environmental implications remain contested.
Measuring Adherence to Sustainable Healthy Diets - R Discovery discovery.researcher.life Dec 26, 2022 2 facts
DOE's climate report is misleading, inaccurate, and ignores ... catf.us Sep 3, 2025 2 facts
perspectiveThe Clean Air Task Force (CATF) asserts that the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) draft report, "A Critical Review of Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on the U.S. Climate," is misleading, inaccurate, and ignores overwhelming evidence regarding the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on climate change.
claimThe Clean Air Task Force argues that the U.S. Department of Energy's draft report erroneously implies that carbon pollution provides a net benefit to society by focusing on "global greening" while ignoring the negative impacts of climate change driven by carbon dioxide emissions.
Nanomaterials in the future biotextile industry: A new cosmovision to ... frontiersin.org Dec 1, 2022 2 facts
claimClimate change is currently affecting global food security, according to Mbow and Rosenzweig (2019).
claimPetrochemical-derived materials in the textile industry are expected to be replaced by biodegradable alternatives due to their toxic accumulation in the environment and their contribution to global climate change.
Business Model Innovation: a Framework for Assessing Corporate ... link.springer.com Apr 18, 2025 2 facts
measurementThe 2017 CDP Carbon Majors Report stated that over half of global industrial emissions, since human-induced climate change was officially recognized, can be traced to just 25 corporate and state-producing entities.
quoteThe United Nations defines its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a "framework for improving the lives of populations around the world and mitigating the hazardous man-made effects of climate change."
Health and environmental impacts of diets worldwide globalnutritionreport.org 2 facts
referenceRosenzweig C, Mbow C, Barioni LG, et al. published research in Nature Food in 2020 arguing that climate change responses benefit from a global food system approach.
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published a special report in 2019 titled 'Climate Change and Land' covering climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems.
Advancing energy efficiency: innovative technologies and strategic ... oaepublish.com 2 facts
claimGlobal CO2 emissions and energy consumption continue to rise despite the urgent need to address climate change, driven by increases in wealth and population associated with globalization.
referenceGuo, S., Yan, D., Hu, S., and An, J. authored 'Global comparison of building energy use data within the context of climate change', published in Energy and Buildings in 2020 (Volume 226, Article 110362).
Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in the mountainous ... link.springer.com Oct 4, 2024 2 facts
claimWild edible plants are important to local communities for creating livelihood security and ensuring food and nutrition sovereignty, and they could become preferred food crops in the future due to their adaptation to changing climates.
claimClimate change is negatively impacting the abundance, distribution, and phenology of wild edible plants.
How China is responding to escalating strategic competition with the ... brookings.edu Mar 1, 2021 1 fact
claimWang Yi, the Foreign Minister of China, outlined a 2021 China-ASEAN agenda focused on defeating COVID-19, bolstering economic recovery, and pushing forward poverty reduction, disaster prevention, climate change, and environmental protection.
The Lunar Clock Beneath the Waves: How Marine Life Runs on ... bioneers.org Jul 16, 2025 1 fact
claimThe lunar-mediated spawning of corals is critical for the colonization of reefs by new generations of corals, particularly as populations face threats from mass bleaching and climate change.
Transatlantic relations and European strategic autonomy in the ... - FIIA fiia.fi 1 fact
claimThe Biden administration intends to prioritize major transnational challenges like climate change and pandemics over making China's rise the central focus of US foreign policy.
Here's how extreme weather is affecting animal migration weforum.org Oct 5, 2023 1 fact
claimResearchers state that climate change and extreme weather events are impacting animal migration patterns.
Challenges of a Clean Energy Transition and Implications for ... economicstrategygroup.org 1 fact
claimElectricity demand has become more volatile over time due to climate change, which increases the difficulty of meeting demand with intermittent generation sources.
Energy security redefined for a new global era - DIIS diis.dk Jun 17, 2025 1 fact
claimEnergy security has evolved from a focus on oil reserves and gas pipelines into a complex, cross-sectoral issue influenced by climate change, digital threats, individual access, and global power shifts.
Media Coverage - News Center - Baruch College newscenter.baruch.cuny.edu 1 fact
claimDeborah Balk reported in NY-1 News on December 8, 2022, that population shifts caused by climate change could affect inland neighborhoods.
Comprehensive framework for smart residential demand side ... nature.com Mar 22, 2025 1 fact
claimMaximizing the local, decentralized utilization of electric vehicle resources contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the mitigation of climate change.
Ethnobotanical Study of Wild Edible Plants and Their Indigenous ... scirp.org 1 fact
claimAcculturation, displacement of indigenous communities, diminishing biodiversity, population pressure, and climate change have led to a decline in the use of wild edible plants and the associated indigenous knowledge, particularly among young people in Ethiopia.
How Lunar Cycles Guide the Spawning of Sea Creatures smithsonianmag.com Mar 8, 2023 1 fact
claimThe northern portion of the Red Sea is considered a climate-change refuge for corals and has not experienced mass bleaching events.
Energy Transition Literature - PSU Center for Energy Law and Policy celp.psu.edu May 20, 2024 1 fact
claimLocal people affected by renewable energy projects place more importance on the conservation of nature and human-environment interactions, whereas institutions are more concerned with opportunities to mitigate climate change, such as lessening greenhouse gas emissions.
Just Transition and Equitable Climate Action Resource Center wri.org Apr 24, 2025 1 fact
claimAddressing climate change and achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement requires transitioning to a net-zero economy.
The role of nuclear energy in mitigating climate change oecd-nea.org Dec 13, 2021 1 fact
accountThe Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) delegation participated in the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) in Glasgow, United Kingdom, where Diane Cameron, Head of Division, Nuclear Technology Development and Economics, presented NEA analysis on nuclear energy's potential in addressing climate change.
Does the combination of sustainable business model patterns lead ... link.springer.com Feb 20, 2023 1 fact
referenceThe technological archetypes in the Bocken et al. (2014) framework include 'Maximize materials and energy efficiency', 'create value from waste', and 'substitute with renewable and natural processes', all of which address climate change and the over-exploitation of natural resources.
Demand-Side Approaches for Rapid Load Growth | ACEEE aceee.org Feb 25, 2026 1 fact
claimMike Specian is the Utilities Manager at the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE), where his research focuses on energy efficiency policies and practices to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change.
Medicinal plants and human health: a comprehensive review of ... link.springer.com Nov 5, 2025 1 fact
referenceMykhailenko O, Jalil B, McGaw LJ, Echeverría J, Takubessi M, and Heinrich M published a 2025 paper calling for new research strategies regarding climate change and the sustainable use of medicinal plants.
Compendium Vol. 5 No. 1: The ecological role of native plants bio4climate.org 1 fact
claimClimate change is expected to drive species to migrate to more suitable latitudes, resulting in additional novel species groupings.
The latest in biomaterials research - World Bio Market Insights worldbiomarketinsights.com Aug 20, 2025 1 fact
claimThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) identifies the adoption of biomaterials as a key strategy for mitigating climate change because they often produce lower carbon emissions than petrochemical equivalents.
Renewable Energy's Land Use Reckoning kleinmanenergy.upenn.edu Jun 3, 2025 1 fact
perspectiveSolar energy development in Massachusetts has divided the environmental community between groups primarily interested in land conservation and groups primarily interested in mitigating climate change.
Energy asset stranding in resource-rich developing countries and ... frontiersin.org Jun 10, 2024 1 fact
claimAsset stranding can be caused by physical risks related to climate change, such as a plant located near a shoreline becoming subject to flooding due to sea level rise.
A critical review on techno-economic analysis of hybrid renewable ... link.springer.com Dec 6, 2023 1 fact
claimThe combustion of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and other pollutants, which contribute to the greenhouse effect and are primary drivers of global warming and climate change.
Indigenous Foods: A Heritage of Nutrition and Sustainability interesjournals.org Nov 30, 2024 1 fact
claimThe reintroduction of indigenous corn varieties, millet, and sorghum can improve food security in regions affected by climate change.
Energy Equity and Just Transitions understand-energy.stanford.edu 1 fact
claimPeople of color and disadvantaged communities globally and within the United States are disproportionately impacted by the negative effects of climate change and environmental infrastructure due to the intentional siting of highways, mining areas, industrial plants, and power plants near these communities.
Carbon Pricing for Climate Change Mitigation and Financing the SDGs global-solutions-initiative.org 1 fact
claimMitigating climate change requires decoupling economic growth from emissions growth, as economic development has historically relied on fossil fuel consumption.
Top geopolitical risks 2025: Energy insights - KPMG International kpmg.com 1 fact
referenceKPMG International's 'Top geopolitical risks 2025' paper identifies tariffs, competition for resources, a heightened regulatory environment, supply chain disruption, and climate change as key risks and opportunities for corporate leaders.
Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Shabelle Zone, Eastern ... link.springer.com Feb 5, 2026 1 fact
claimClimate change, overgrazing, and land conversion are identified as pressures endangering plant resources and indigenous knowledge in the Shabelle Zone.
Role of Open Source Software in Rise of AI nutanix.com 1 fact
referenceOS-Climate (OS-C) is an open source collaboration community that builds a data and software platform to increase the flow of global capital into climate change mitigation and resilience.
(PDF) Neurological and Biological Foundations of Children's Social ... academia.edu 1 fact
referenceThe paper 'Children in harm's way: A global issue as important as climate change' by Kendall et al. (2009) argues that the issue of children in harm's way is as significant as climate change.
The Geopolitics of the Russian-Ukrainian War: Implications for Africa ... eu-opensci.org Aug 3, 2024 1 fact
claimClimate change represents a major threat to Africa's food security, requiring active mitigation alongside direct investments in the food system.
(PDF) The technical, geographical, and economic feasibility for solar ... academia.edu 1 fact
referenceMarc Gunther published an article titled 'A $3 trillion climate change battle' in Fortune magazine on May 15, 2008.
Tribal Food Sovereignty: Sustaining Culture, Identity and Connection youtube.com Aug 19, 2024 1 fact
claimThe episode titled “Tribal Food Sovereignty: Sustaining Culture, Identity and Connection” asserts that climate change negatively impacts the food sovereignty of tribal societies.
Addressing Chronic Stress in Therapy | Psychology Today psychologytoday.com May 8, 2024 1 fact
claimConcerns regarding climate change, natural disasters, and environmental degradation contribute to chronic stress, especially among younger generations who feel anxious about the future.
Solar energy development impacts on land cover change and ... academia.edu 1 fact
claimWessel et al. conducted a qualitative ecosystem assessment for different shrublands in western Europe under the impact of climate change in a 2004 study.
Anna Herforth's Post - LinkedIn linkedin.com Jan 31, 2025 1 fact
referenceA research paper co-authored by William A. Masters and Anna Herforth (FoodPricesForNutrition at The Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University) and Timothy Sulser and Nicola Cenacchi (International Food Policy Research Institute) concludes that global food systems fall short of healthy diet recommendations when analyzing past food supply data and future climate change projections.
The technical, geographical, and economic feasibility for solar ... ideas.repec.org 1 fact
referenceBob Lloyd and Andrew S. Forest authored the November 2010 paper 'The transition to renewables: Can PV provide an answer to the peak oil and climate change challenges?,' published in Energy Policy (Elsevier, vol. 38(11), pages 7378-7394).
True Health Intiative: Scientific Consensus on a Healthy Diet nutritionfacts.org Jul 31, 2025 1 fact
quoteHealthy lifestyle and dietary advice are currently overshadowed by critics, diet books, the food industry, and misguided media information, a situation analogous to how climate change deniers influence public opinion.
Mental health - World Health Organization (WHO) who.int Oct 8, 2025 1 fact
claimGlobal threats such as economic downturns, disease outbreaks, humanitarian emergencies, forced displacement, and climate change impact the mental health of entire populations.
Refreshing global energy security policy and infrastructure for the ... global-solutions-initiative.org 1 fact
claimConcerns about climate change are central to government and private sector actions aimed at transitioning to a lower-carbon energy future.