Knowledge Tree
Brazil
synthesized from dimensionsBrazil is a major middle-income emerging economy and a pivotal geopolitical actor, recognized as a founding member of the BRICS group alongside Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Within its region, it serves as a cornerstone of the Mercosur trade bloc, which facilitates economic integration alongside partners such as Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Brazil’s international standing is characterized by its active participation in global environmental and economic diplomacy, including hosting landmark events like the 1992 Earth Summit and the 2025 COP30 in Belém, which established the Belém Action Mechanism.
Economically, Brazil faces the structural challenge of high income inequality, reflected in a GINI index of 54 GINI index 54. To mitigate these disparities, the state utilizes conditional cash transfer programs conditional cash transfers. The nation’s trade relations are frequently marked by complexity, particularly with the United States, where it has been subject to various trade investigations, including USTR Section 301 probes and disputes over steel, aluminum, and coffee tariffs USTR Section 301 investigations. Despite these tensions, Brazil remains a significant player in global energy markets, balancing a 16% dependence on fossil fuel exports fossil fuel dependence with a strong emphasis on bioenergy development, solar power integration solar power policies, and carbon pricing mechanisms for its Nationally Determined Contributions carbon pricing NDC.
In the realm of public health and nutrition, Brazil presents a dual profile. While it has pioneered food-based dietary guidelines that incorporate environmental sustainability sustainability in FBDGs, the country simultaneously records a high intake of ultra-processed foods, which account for 40-50% of total energy consumption high ultra-processed food intake. Scientific research in Brazil is robust and diverse, ranging from deep decarbonization pathways analysis to extensive ethnobotanical studies of medicinal and wild edible plants in biomes such as the Pantanal, Cerrado, and the Atlantic Forest wild food plants. Furthermore, Brazil has emerged as a leader in psychedelic research, facilitated by the legal status of ayahuasca psychedelic research leader.
Brazil’s national identity is also shaped by a commitment to technological sovereignty, evidenced by government initiatives promoting free software adoption. Its security landscape has required adaptation to modern threats, including the successful mitigation of sophisticated cyberattacks targeting critical power infrastructure cyberattacks prevented. Additionally, the country maintains an interest in unconventional phenomena, having declassified files related to UFO sightings and analyzed anomalous material such as the Ubatuba magnesium fragments declassifying files like U.K. and Denmark. Through institutions like Plataforma CIPÓ, Brazil continues to exert influence in global policy discourse, positioning itself as a critical voice among emerging economies.
Model Perspectives (4)
openrouter/z-ai/glm-5v-turbo 50% confidence
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{
"content": "Based on the provided facts, Brazil emerges as a significant and multifaceted subject of scientific inquiry, particularly in the fields of nutritional science, ethnobotany, and psychedelic research.
Nutritional Transition and Guidelines
Brazil is experiencing a rapid dietary transition toward Westernized diets, characterized by a high consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs), which account for 40%–50% of energy intake Ultra-processed foods comprise 40%–50% of energy intake. Despite this, according to data from Nature, Brazil ranks among the lowest in mean Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) scores among the world's 25 most populous countries Mean AHEI score was lowest in Brazil. In response to these trends, Brazil has been recognized for developing progressive Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs); since 2014, these guidelines have incorporated environmental sustainability as a core principle Brazil incorporated environmental sustainability into FBDGs, as well as guidance on food skills and consumer awareness of marketing practices Brazil included guidance on food skills and marketing awareness. Research utilizing Brazilian cohorts has been foundational for the development of the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) PHDI is based on a large Brazilian cohort, although comparative studies indicate that actual fruit and vegetable consumption in Brazil (150 g/d) is significantly lower than in countries like France Fruit and vegetable consumption is higher in France than Brazil.
Ethnobotany and Traditional Knowledge
The facts highlight extensive research into Brazil's biodiversity and the traditional knowledge systems associated with it. Studies focus heavily on the utilization of wild edible and medicinal plants in distinct biomes such as the Pantanal, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, and Caatinga [
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast definitive 78% confidence
Brazil is prominently featured as a founding member of the BRICS economic bloc, comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, as noted by the Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) BRICS economic bloc. It participates in regional trade frameworks like Mercosur, including Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay Mercosur states (SWP). Economically, Brazil exhibits high income inequality with a GINI index of 54, far exceeding Norway and the Netherlands GINI index 54 (Frontiers), and employs conditional cash transfers to mitigate this conditional cash transfers (Sparkl). In nutrition and diet, Brazil has developed indices aligned with Healthy Eating Index concepts dietary guidelines indices (nutritionalassessment.org; Arimond M, Deitchler M), incorporated environmental sustainability into its 2014 Food-Based Dietary Guidelines sustainability in FBDGs, yet records low Alternate Healthy Eating Index scores among populous nations low AHEI score (Nature) and high ultra-processed food intake at 40-50% of energy high UPF intake. Energy policies include incentives for solar power integration solar power policies (RePEc; Diego Malagueta et al.) and carbon pricing for NDCs carbon pricing NDC (Moneta; Grottera et al.), with fossil fuel export dependence at 16% fossil fuel dependence (CEBRI). Brazil's energy infrastructure faced sophisticated 2015 cyberattacks, allegedly from Venezuela, targeting power systems but mitigated by cybersecurity teams cyberattacks prevented (Security and Defence Quarterly). In geopolitics, Brazil condemned U.S.-Israeli strikes on Iran condemned strikes (American Jewish Committee) and has been subject to U.S. tariffs under IEEPA IEEPA tariffs retracted (Council on Foreign Relations; Inu Manak, Allison J. Smith). Culturally and scientifically, Brazil leads emerging economies in psychedelic research due to legal ayahuasca use psychedelic research leader (Springer), with studies on ethnobotany in regions like Pantanal and Cerrado wild food plants (Frontiers; Bortolotto et al.). It also hosts think tanks like Plataforma CIPÓ led by Adriana Abdenur Plataforma CIPÓ director (United Nations).
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast definitive 78% confidence
Brazil emerges as a prominent member of regional trade blocs like Mercosur, which includes Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and suspended Venezuela member Venezuela according to EveryCRSReport.com, and the BRICS group comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and new joiner Indonesia per Cato Institute. It has faced U.S. trade tensions, including reinstated steel and aluminum tariffs by President Trump in 2019 (Wikipedia) and extra 40% tariffs in response to domestic policies (UNCTAD), prompting Brazil to challenge them legally (Cato Institute). In energy policy, Brazil emphasizes bioenergy development (OAE Publishing), carbon pricing for its NDC implementation studied by Grottera et al. (Moneta), and ethanol's environmental benefits versus fuel use (Alvarenga RAF and Dewulf J, Springer). Environmentally, it hosted the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro (Frontiers) and the 2025 COP30 in Belém establishing the Belém Action Mechanism (Ford Foundation), while research highlights wild edible plants in Pantanal communities by Bortolotto et al. (Springer) and neo-industrialization linking tax credits to local content (ITIF). Dietary guidelines include food skills and marketing awareness (nutritionalassessment.org; Arimond M, Deitchler M), and its government promotes free software adoption for sovereignty (F5).
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast definitive 70% confidence
Brazil is portrayed across these facts as a major middle-income emerging economy and founding member of the BRICS group alongside Russia, India, China, South Africa (SWP), often grouped with other MICs like Russia and India (United Nations; Adriana Abdenur). It faces frequent U.S. trade scrutiny, targeted in USTR Section 301 investigations (United; JD Supra) alongside numerous economies, with ongoing probes into digital trade and China commitments (Davis Wright Tremaine LLP), plus tariffs on Brazilian coffee impacting U.S. consumers (Brookings). Brazil has engaged UFO phenomena, declassifying files like U.K. and Denmark (The New Yorker) and analyzing Ubatuba magnesium fragments (Wikipedia). Scientifically, its academy joined 2005 joint climate consensus statement (Wikipedia) and participates in deep decarbonization pathways analysis (SDSN; IDDRI). Studies apply Baumrind's parenting framework in Brazil (Parenting Science; Martinez et al.), note high ultra-processed food intake (nutritionalassessment.org), and document ethnobotany like medicinal plants in Atlantic Forest (Springer; Begossi et al.).
Facts (127)
Sources
Strategic Rivalry between United States and China swp-berlin.org 8 facts
claimThe economic bloc consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa is abbreviated as BRICS.
claimThe BRICS group consists of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
claimIn July 2018, US President Donald Trump and European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker agreed that the European Union would support American trade interests over those of Brazil regarding soybean imports as a concession to Washington.
claimThe Mercosur states (Mercado Común del Sur) consist of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, with Venezuela having joined in 2012 and subsequently being suspended in 2016.
claimThe acronym BRICS stands for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
accountIn July 2018, United States President Donald Trump and European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker agreed that the European Union would prioritize American trade interests over those of Brazil regarding soybean imports as a concession to Washington.
perspectiveChina's commitment to increase imports from the United States is likely to reduce imports from other regions like Brazil, the European Union, and Japan, potentially causing new trade controversies.
perspectiveChina's commitment to additional US imports is likely to lead to lower imports from other regions like Brazil, the European Union, and Japan, potentially triggering new controversies.
Strategic analysis of cyber conflicts: A game-theoretic modelling of ... securityanddefence.pl May 31, 2025 6 facts
claimBrazil’s cybersecurity teams successfully prevented a widespread, long-lasting blackout during the 2015 cyberattacks, though the incident revealed significant vulnerabilities in the country’s critical infrastructures.
accountThe 2015 cyberattacks on Brazil’s energy infrastructure, allegedly orchestrated by Venezuela, utilized sophisticated malware specifically designed to target industrial control systems used in power generation and distribution.
claimThe 2015 cyberattacks on Brazil’s energy infrastructure were likely motivated by tensions between Brazil and Venezuela regarding border disputes and regional economic policies, potentially serving as a show of force or economic sabotage.
accountThe 2015 cyberattacks on Brazil’s energy infrastructure caused sporadic outages across several regions, affecting millions of citizens and causing temporary disruptions to businesses and public services.
claimThe malware used in the 2015 cyberattacks on Brazil’s energy infrastructure shared technical similarities with tools previously used in attacks on Ukraine’s power grid and was capable of manipulating circuit breakers to cause blackouts.
referenceThe authors of the study 'Strategic analysis of cyber conflicts: A game-theoretic modelling of global cyber' selected six significant cyber conflict cases for analysis: Russian cyber interventions in the 2016 US elections (Jamieson, 2018), Venezuela’s cyberattack on Brazil’s energy grid in 2015 (Bronk and Tikk-Ringas, 2013), the 2007 Estonia–Russia cyber conflict (Herzog, 2011), cyber tensions during the 2020 China–India border crisis (Sharma, 2020), the Stuxnet attack on Iran in 2010 (Farwell and Rohozinski, 2011), and cyber manipulation attempts in the 2019 South African elections (Garnett and James, 2020).
Dietary Guidelines and Quality - Principles of Nutritional Assessment nutritionalassessment.org 5 facts
referenceMany countries have developed indices measuring adherence to national dietary guidelines based on the Healthy Eating Index concept, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, The Netherlands, Russia, Spain, and Thailand.
measurementUltra-processed foods (UPF) comprise 40%–50% of energy intake in Australia, Brazil, and Canada, and nearly 60% of energy intake in the United States.
claimBrazil (2014), Uruguay (2016), Ecuador (2018), Sweden (2015), and Qatar (2015) have incorporated environmental sustainability as a guiding principle or key message in their Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs).
claimBrazil, Ecuador, Uruguay, and Canada have included guidance in their Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) regarding food skills, social aspects of eating, and consumer awareness of food industry marketing practices.
claimResearchers assessed the construct validity of the GDR Score by comparing it to the HDI-2020 using nationally representative data sets from Brazil and the United States for individuals aged 15 years and older.
Effects of psychedelics on neurogenesis and broader neuroplasticity link.springer.com Dec 19, 2024 4 facts
referenceBeatriz Caiuby Labate and K. Feeney analyzed the regulatory processes surrounding Ayahuasca in Brazil and internationally, noting the implications and challenges involved.
claimBrazil is the only emerging economy with a substantial volume of publications in psychedelic research, which may be attributed to the legal status of ayahuasca consumption for religious practices.
claimRVLdC is funded by CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) in Brazil.
claimRNL is funded by CAPES and CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) in Brazil.
How do the indices based on the EAT-Lancet recommendations ... medrxiv.org May 14, 2024 4 facts
claimThe Brazilian validation study for EAT-Lancet recommendations resulted in almost perfect scores for fruit and vegetable consumption, possibly because the study does not fully reflect the diet of the country.
claimThe Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) is based on data from a large Brazilian cohort and is related to cardiovascular, nutritional, and environmental indicators.
measurementFruit and vegetable consumption is higher in France (378 g/d) than in Brazil (150 g/d).
measurementThe Planet-Health Diet Index (PHDI) applied to a nationally representative survey from Brazil yielded lower mean scores compared to the study conducted in France.
World Trade Without the US | Cato Institute cato.org 4 facts
claimThe European Union has concluded new trade agreements with India, Switzerland, Mexico, and the MERCOSUR countries (Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay).
claimChina is expanding and deepening its trade relationships with ASEAN countries, Brazil, other countries in Latin America, and the Middle East.
claimIndonesia has joined the BRICS group, which includes Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
accountBrazil initiated a legal case against the United States to challenge the Trump administration's rounds of tariffs.
Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Shabelle Zone, Eastern ... link.springer.com Feb 5, 2026 4 facts
referenceBortolotto IM, Amorozo MC, Neto GG, Oldeland J, and Damasceno-Junior GA researched the knowledge and use of wild edible plants in rural communities along the Paraguay River in the Pantanal region of Brazil, published in the Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine in 2015.
referenceGomes LC, de Medeiros PM, and Prata AP published a theoretical approach to the non-random selection of wild food plants in Brazil in the Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine in 2023.
claimWild and semi-wild plant species support landscape resilience under climate variability in India, Ethiopia (Awi and Yeki districts), Cameroon, Brazil, and Australia.
referencede Albuquerque UP and de Oliveira RF studied whether the use-impact on native Caatinga species in Brazil is reduced by the high species richness of medicinal plants, published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology in 2007.
Iran War: A Defining Moment for the Middle East—Global Analysis ... ajc.org 3 facts
claimBrazil, Chile, and Colombia condemned the U.S.-Israeli strikes against Iran, while Argentina and Paraguay have backed the strikes.
perspectiveParaguayan President Santiago Peña emphasized the need to confront the Iranian regime, specifically targeting its illicit financial networks and support for terror proxies in the Tri-Border Area shared by Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil.
claimBrazil, Chile, and Colombia condemned the military strikes against the Iranian regime as unwarranted aggression and a departure from diplomacy, urging all involved parties to halt hostilities.
Wild edible plants for food security, dietary diversity, and nutraceuticals frontiersin.org Nov 27, 2025 3 facts
referenceBortolotto et al. (2017) established a knowledge network to promote the use and valorization of wild food plants in the Pantanal and Cerrado regions of Brazil.
claimIn the Andalúcia Agrarian Settlement of Brazil, research has focused on the extraction and processing of Dioscorea alata and Hymenaea species, as well as the production of value-added products like cookies fortified with Acrocomia aculeata and Dipteryx alata almonds (Bortolotto et al., 2017).
claimFerreira et al. (2016) investigated whether products derived from plants or domestic animals could serve as replacements for products derived from wild animals in the context of medicinal trade in Brazil.
Transitioning Away from Fossil Fuels - CEBRI cebri.org Sep 22, 2025 3 facts
measurementDependence on fossil fuels for export revenues is 15% for the United States, 16% for Brazil, and exceeds 80% for Nigeria and Saudi Arabia.
claimCountries such as Canada, Brazil, Norway, Russia, Argentina, the UAE, India, and Indonesia face significant challenges in navigating energy and economic transitions due to uneven renewable competitiveness, a secondary role in low-carbon value chains, and weaker macroeconomic conditions, despite having relatively competitive oil and gas production profiles.
claimIn many Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDEs), including Brazil, the high cost of capital is a significant barrier to scaling clean energy investments, despite strong renewable competitiveness and potential for integration into low-carbon value chains.
What does Just Transition mean for Middle Income Countries? un.org 3 facts
claimAdriana Abdenur is the Executive Director of Plataforma CIPÓ, a Brazil-based think tank, and a member of the UN Committee for Development Policy (CDP).
claimThe energy transition in Middle Income Countries varies by nation; for example, Brazil is not heavily dependent on fossil fuels, making illegal deforestation a more central issue than energy transition for that specific country.
claimMiddle Income Countries (MICs) comprise over 100 countries, ranging from small nations like Belize and the Marshall Islands to large nations like Brazil, Russia, India, and China.
Ethnobotanical study of food plants used in traditional medicine in ... link.springer.com Nov 26, 2025 3 facts
referenceBegossi A, Hanazaki N, and Tamashiro JY conducted a study in 2002 titled 'Medicinal plants in the Atlantic forest (Brazil): knowledge, use, and conservation' focusing on the ethnobotany of the Atlantic Forest region.
claimThe finding that women are the primary custodians of ethnobotanical knowledge is consistent with studies conducted in Angola, Morocco, and Brazil.
referenceRossato SC, Leitao-Filho HF, and Begossi A. conducted an ethnobotanical study of the caiçaras of the Atlantic forest Coast in Brazil, published in Economic Botany in 1999.
Carbon Pricing as a Climate Policy Instrument: Global Lessons ... journal.idscipub.com Jul 31, 2025 3 facts
referenceGrottera et al. (2022) investigated the energy policy implications of carbon pricing scenarios for the implementation of Brazil's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in the article 'Energy policy implications of carbon pricing scenarios for the Brazilian NDC implementation' published in Energy Policy.
referenceGrottera et al. (2022) investigated the energy policy implications of carbon pricing scenarios for the implementation of Brazil's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in the article 'Energy policy implications of carbon pricing scenarios for the Brazilian NDC implementation' published in Energy Policy.
referenceGrottera et al. (2022) studied the energy policy implications of carbon pricing scenarios specifically for the implementation of Brazil's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC).
The technical, geographical, and economic feasibility for solar ... ideas.repec.org 2 facts
referenceDiego Malagueta, Alexandre Szklo, Bruno Soares Moreira Cesar Borba, Rafael Soria, Raymundo Aragão, Roberto Schaeffer, and Ricardo Dutra published 'Assessing incentive policies for integrating centralized solar power generation in the Brazilian electric power system' in Energy Policy in 2013.
referenceDiego Malagueta, Alexandre Szklo, Rafael Soria, Ricardo Dutra, Roberto Schaeffer, and Bruno Soares Moreira Cesar Borba authored the 2014 paper 'Potential and impacts of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) integration in the Brazilian electric power system,' published in Renewable Energy (Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 223-235).
Free Trade Protectionism: U.S. Tariffs Are Creating a New Trade ... itif.org Jul 7, 2025 2 facts
claimCountries in the Global South, particularly members of the Belt and Road Initiative such as Bangladesh, Brazil, Pakistan, and South Africa, are increasingly aligning with China, facilitated by Chinese investments.
claimBrazil has revived its 'neo-industrialization' program, which links new tax credits to local-content rules in the automotive, agricultural, and telecommunications sectors, while also accelerating efforts to secure the EU-Mercosur agreement and exploring trade talks with Canada.
Energy asset stranding in resource-rich developing countries and ... frontiersin.org Jun 10, 2024 2 facts
measurementThe GINI index in Norway and the Netherlands is slightly below 30, while the GINI index in Brazil is 54.
claimGermany maintains energy partnership agreements with Algeria, Angola, Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Morocco, Nigeria, Norway, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, USA, and Uzbekistan.
Parenting styles: An evidence-based, cross-cultural guide parentingscience.com 2 facts
referenceDiana Baumrind's parenting style framework has been successfully applied in diverse regions including Brazil, China, Scandinavia, Mediterranean Europe, and Turkey, according to studies by Martinez et al. (2007), Zhange et al. (2017), Turkel and Teser (2009), and Olivari et al. (2015).
referenceThe 2007 study by Martínez, García, and Yubero titled 'Parenting styles and adolescents’ self-esteem in Brazil' investigates the correlation between specific parenting styles and the self-esteem levels of adolescents living in Brazil.
Iran's Islamist Proxies in the Middle East - Wilson Center wilsoncenter.org Sep 12, 2023 2 facts
claimThe U.S. Treasury and State Departments sanctioned Hezbollah representative in South America Bilal Mohsen Wehbe in 2010 for overseeing Hezbollah’s counterintelligence activity in the Tri-Border Area (Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay) and facilitating the transfer of funds from Brazil to Hezbollah.
claimThe United States designated Assad Ahmad Barakat in 2004 for serving as a key Hezbollah financier in the Tri-Border Area of Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina.
How the Pentagon Started Taking U.F.O.s Seriously | The New Yorker newyorker.com Apr 30, 2021 2 facts
claimSeveral countries have either declassified and published U.F.O. files or formed official organizations dedicated to the issue, including the U.K., Denmark, Brazil, Russia, Sweden, Peru, and Chile.
claimSeveral countries have either declassified and published U.F.O. files (the U.K., Denmark, Brazil, Russia, Sweden) or established official organizations dedicated to the issue (Peru, Chile), following the precedent set by France.
Tracking Trump's Trade Deals | Council on Foreign Relations cfr.org Mar 17, 2026 2 facts
claimThe Supreme Court's invalidation of IEEPA tariffs resulted in the retraction of duties from seven executive orders: 14193 (Canada-Fentanyl), 14194 (Mexico-Fentanyl), 14195 (China-Fentanyl), 14245 (Venezuelan Oil), 14257 (Reciprocal Tariff), 14323 (Brazil), and 14329 (India-Russian Oil Imports).
claimU.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer stated that the administration would initiate several investigations under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, continue ongoing 301 investigations involving Brazil and China, maintain existing Section 232 tariffs, and conclude ongoing investigations to yield new duty rates to replace Section 122 tariffs.
Unidentified flying object - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 2 facts
accountMagnesium fragments recovered in Ubatuba, Brazil, in 1957 were analyzed by the Brazilian government, the Condon Report, and other entities as potential UFO artifacts.
claimGovernments or independent academics in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan, Peru, France, Belgium, Sweden, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Mexico, Spain, and the Soviet Union have investigated UFO reports at various times.
Private Wealth Migration 2025 | Press Release - Henley & Partners henleyglobal.com Jun 24, 2025 2 facts
claimPopular destinations for high-net-worth individuals departing from Brazil and Colombia include the United States (specifically Florida), Portugal, the Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, and Panama.
measurementBrazil is expected to see a net outflow of 1,200 high-net-worth individuals in 2025.
The traditional use of wild edible plants in pastoral and agro ... link.springer.com Feb 23, 2023 2 facts
referenceM.P. Cruz, N. Peroni, and U.P. Albuquerque published 'Knowledge, use and management of native wild edible plants from a seasonal dry forest (NE, Brazil)' in the Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine in 2013 (DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-9-79).
referenceMourão, Araujo, and Almeida (2006) documented the ethnotaxonomy of mastofauna as practiced by hunters in the municipality of Paulista, Paraíba, Brazil.
History of tariffs in the United States - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 2 facts
Consequences of the Russia-Ukraine War and the Changing Face ... rand.org May 22, 2025 2 facts
referenceThe Lopez War (1864–1870) involved Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
referenceMeredith Reid Sarkees and Frank Wayman documented a list of historical conflicts and their major participants in their 2010 book 'Resort to War: 1816–2007', including the Crimean War (1853–1856, France/Great Britain/Ottoman Empire/Russia), the Lopez War (1864–1870, Argentina/Brazil/Paraguay/Uruguay), the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878, Russia/Ottoman Empire), the Boer War (1899–1902, Great Britain/Boers), the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905, Japan/Russia), the Russo-Polish War (1919–1921, Poland/Soviet Union), the Italo-Ethiopian War (1935–1936, Ethiopia/Italy), the Korean War (1950–1953, United States/North Korea/China/South Korea), the Vietnam War (1965–1975, United States/South Vietnam/North Vietnam), the Sino-Vietnamese War (1979–1987, Vietnam/China), the Soviet-Afghan War (1979–1989, Soviet Union/Afghanistan), and the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988, Iran/Iraq).
What Is Open Source Software (OSS)? f5.com 2 facts
claimBrazil's Federal Government Framework for the Adoption and Use of Free Software, issued in 2018, encourages government agencies to prioritize open source solutions to ensure security, cost savings, and technological sovereignty.
accountBrazil launched the Software Livre Brasil initiative in 2003 to promote the use of open source software in public administration.
An annotated analytic review of biosynthetic polymers and circular ... link.springer.com Mar 7, 2026 2 facts
referenceAlvarenga RAF and Dewulf J published a comparative study on the environmental gains of using Brazilian ethanol for plastic production versus fuel production in Renewable Energy in 2013.
referenceRuschel-Soares et al. (2022) published 'Environmental impacts of polyester-cotton blend compared to cotton fiber in brazil' in Materials Circular Economy, comparing the environmental footprints of these materials.
USTR Initiates New Section 301 Trade Investigations Into 60 Partners steptoe.com Mar 17, 2026 2 facts
claimThe USTR forced labor Section 301 investigation includes all 16 trading partners covered in the separate Section 301 investigation into excess capacity, as well as Australia, Brazil, Canada, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom.
claimSection 301 investigations into China and Brazil were launched in 2025 and remain pending.
Cultural Influences on Parenting Styles and Child Development carijournals.org Mar 29, 2024 2 facts
referenceSantos and Silva published 'Cultural Influences on Parenting Styles and Child Development: A Study of Indigenous Communities in Brazil' in the Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology in 2019.
referenceRibeiro, Rodrigues, and Tavares published 'Child development in Brazil: An integrative review' in Ciência & Saúde Coletiva in 2020.
Scientific consensus on climate change - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 2 facts
claimIn 2005, the science academies of Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States issued a joint statement referring to the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as the international scientific consensus and urged prompt action on climate change mitigation and adaptation.
accountIn 2001, science academies from 17 countries (Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Malaysia, New Zealand, Sweden, Trinidad, Turkey, and the United Kingdom) issued a joint statement endorsing the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
USTR Launches Broad Section 301 Investigations Into Excess ... dwt.com 2 days ago 2 facts
claimThe countries targeted for review in the Section 301 investigation are Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, the Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, the EU, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, the Philippines, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Türkiye, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Vietnam.
claimInvestigations initiated in the second half of 2025 into Brazilian digital trade practices and China's adherence to its 2020 trade agreement with the United States remain incomplete.
GovSCH: An Open-Source Schema for Transforming Governance ... newamerica.org Oct 28, 2025 1 fact
referenceThe 'Regulation Schema' within GovSCH provides a machine-readable structure for capturing components of international data protection and privacy laws, including the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Lei Geral Proteção de Dados (LGPD) in Brazil, and the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) in China.
Revision Notes - The role of government in reducing inequality | IB DP sparkl.me 1 fact
claimBrazil utilizes conditional cash transfers as a strategy to reduce inequality.
Cross-cultural similarities and variations in parent-child value ... nature.com Nov 26, 2025 1 fact
referenceMartínez et al. authored a chapter titled 'Family socialization in Brazil' in the 2022 book 'Parenting across cultures: Childrearing, motherhood and fatherhood in non-western cultures'.
Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era cjil.uchicago.edu 1 fact
accountEdward Snowden's 2013 disclosure of the National Security Agency's surveillance program prompted Brazil, the Bahamas, and Indonesia to comment on espionage as a breach of sovereignty or violation of international law.
Free and open-source software - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 1 fact
accountIn 2006, the Brazilian government encouraged the distribution of low-cost computers running Linux in poorer communities by subsidizing their purchase through tax breaks.
A Consensus Proposal for Nutritional Indicators to Assess ... - Frontiers frontiersin.org 1 fact
referenceI.N. Bezerra and R. Sichieri published 'Household food diversity and nutritional status among adults in Brazil' in the International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity in 2011.
Fact Sheet: USTR Initiates 60 Section 301 Investigations Relating to ... ustr.gov 1 fact
claimThe Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) has initiated Section 301 investigations into 60 specific economies: Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China (People’s Republic of), Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, European Union, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong (China), India, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Türkiye, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Vietnam.
Wealthfront Classic Portfolio Investment Methodology White Paper research.wealthfront.com Mar 9, 2026 1 fact
claimEmerging market stocks represent ownership shares in companies located in developing economies, specifically Brazil, China, India, South Africa, and Taiwan.
Measurement of diets that are healthy, environmentally sustainable ... frontiersin.org 1 fact
claimThe six publications in the review focusing on low- and middle-income countries studied middle-income nations (Lebanon, Brazil, India, Iran, and Peru) rather than low-income nations.
Global dietary quality in 185 countries from 1990 to 2018 show wide ... nature.com Sep 19, 2022 1 fact
measurementAmong the world’s 25 most populous countries in 2018, the mean AHEI score was highest in Vietnam, Iran, Indonesia, and India (ranging from 54.5 to 48.2) and lowest in Brazil, Mexico, the United States, and Egypt (ranging from 27.1 to 33.5).
The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment ... nationalacademies.org 1 fact
referenceThe Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) and the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI) have conducted an ongoing analysis of deep decarbonization pathways for 15 nations: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Practitioners' perceived risks to biodiversity from renewable energy ... nature.com Feb 27, 2025 1 fact
referenceSchuster et al. (2019) found that vertebrate biodiversity on indigenous-managed lands in Australia, Brazil, and Canada is equal to the biodiversity found in protected areas.
Comparable Ages for the Independent Origins of Electrogenesis in ... journals.plos.org 1 fact
claimGymnotus sp. (from Rio Negro, Brazil) and species in the genus Petrocephalus (specifically Petrocephalus sullivani from Ogooué River, Gabon) are piscivorous, while species in the genus Eigenmannia (from Apure River, Venezuela) feed on pelagic invertebrates.
"They'll Erase You" - Super Elites, Invention Secrecy Act, Tesla, UFOs shortform.com Jun 24, 2024 1 fact
claimSteven Greer alleges that operations using advanced technologies that resemble alien craft are used for psychological warfare purposes, citing a 1985 CIA document discussed by Dr. Jacques Vallee that details the abduction of people in Argentina and Brazil.
Dietary diversity insufficiently explains differences in prevalence of ... journals.plos.org 1 fact
referenceA hierarchical model study of the NISAMI cohort in Brazil identified food insecurity and prenatal care as determinants of anemia in pregnant women.
Global overview of dietary outcomes and dietary intake assessment ... link.springer.com Aug 21, 2021 1 fact
measurementStudies on diet in maritime settings were conducted in the UK, Germany, Denmark, Iran, India, China, Croatia, Italy, Brazil, the Philippines, Lithuania, and Poland, in addition to the United States.
Global perspectives on energy technology assessment and ... link.springer.com Oct 30, 2025 1 fact
claimLeading economies dominate global research output in ETA-related sustainable energy, though peripheral countries such as Brazil, Singapore, and Denmark are increasingly participating.
Vernonia amygdalina: a comprehensive review of the ... frontiersin.org 1 fact
claimVernonia amygdalina is widely grown in Yemen, Brazil, South Uganda, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania.
David Ludwig (Wageningen University and Research): Publications ... philpeople.org 1 fact
claimA mixed-methods study involving triad tasks and ethnobiological models in a fishing community in northeast Brazil found that artisanal fishers' knowledge and academic knowledge of ethnospecies of fish have partial overlaps.
(PDF) Cultural influences on parenting - Academia.edu academia.edu 1 fact
referenceScheper-Hughes, N. (1993) authored 'Death without weeping: The violence of everyday life in Brazil', published by University of California Press in Berkeley.
Western pattern diet - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 1 fact
claimThe dietary transition toward Westernized diets is occurring rapidly in low and middle-income countries, specifically observed in Brazil, India, and South Africa.
history Archives - UC Berkeley Center for the Science of Psychedelics psychedelics.berkeley.edu 1 fact
claimFollowers of the Barquinha religion in Rio Branco, Brazil, incorporate mediumship and possession trances into their religious rituals.
U.S. and Global Trade Agreements: Issues for Congress everycrsreport.com May 17, 2018 1 fact
claimMercosur includes Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela, though Venezuela's membership has been suspended since 2016.
Hallucinogenic Plants and Their Use in Traditional Societies culturalsurvival.org Feb 19, 2010 1 fact
claimYopo (Anadenanthera peregrina) and ebene (Virola calophylla, V. calophylloidea, V. theiodora) are hallucinogenic snuffs originating from the upper Orinoco region of Venezuela and Brazil.
A Scoping Review of Indicators for Sustainable Healthy Diets frontiersin.org Jan 12, 2022 1 fact
referenceCarvalho et al. (2013) studied the relationship between excessive meat consumption, diet quality, and environmental impacts in Brazil.
A tectonic shift in tariff policy | UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) unctad.org Sep 17, 2025 1 fact
claimThe United States imposed an extra 40% in tariffs on most goods from Brazil in response to Brazil's domestic policies on social media and the prosecution of the former Brazilian president.
Communities Powering a Just Energy Transition - Ford Foundation fordfoundation.org Feb 17, 2026 1 fact
claimAt the 2025 United Nations climate change conference (COP30) in Belém, Brazil, governments established the Belém Action Mechanism to address the fragmentation of global efforts to build a transition rooted in rights and inclusion.
Business ecosystems as a way to activate lock-in in business models link.springer.com Mar 28, 2025 1 fact
claimThe emergence of economies in China, India, and Brazil simplified international trade and contributed to the rise of global markets.
The Role of Hydrogen in Decarbonizing Major Sectors - IDTechEx idtechex.com Mar 24, 2026 1 fact
claimThe United States, Brazil, China, and Australia have notable incentives for green steel, while the majority of the world currently has no recognized regulatory activity for the sector.
Comprehensive Overview on the Present State and Evolution of ... link.springer.com Aug 9, 2024 1 fact
referenceHe et al. assessed flood risks resulting from global warming in Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, China, India, and Brazil by using a uniform set of models that incorporated climate scenarios, initial and future periods, and hazard metrics.
Sustainable Energy Transition for Renewable and Low Carbon Grid ... frontiersin.org Mar 23, 2022 1 fact
accountThe United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Earth Summit, was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from June 3 to June 14, 1992.
Geopolitics of Trump Tariffs: How U.S. Trade Policy Has Shaken Allies cfr.org Sep 10, 2025 1 fact
claimThe European Union is accelerating trade negotiations with Canada, Japan, and South Korea, and is in the process of ratifying a free trade agreement with the Mercosur trade bloc—consisting of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay—to diversify its trade relationships.
Advancing energy efficiency: innovative technologies and strategic ... oaepublish.com 1 fact
claimBrazil focuses on bioenergy development as part of its energy transition strategy.
ESS Subtopic 6.2: Climate change – Causes and Impacts mrgscience.com 1 fact
procedureThe procedure for analyzing CO2 emissions trends involves: (1) visiting the Our World In Data website, (2) reviewing the data in the section 'Who Emits the Most CO2', (3) comparing the CO2 emissions of developed countries (e.g., U.S., Germany) and developing countries (e.g., India, Brazil), and (4) writing a report comparing emissions trends, including reasons for differences, key drivers (industrial activities, energy use, transportation), and the influence of economic development, population growth, and energy sources.
A critical review on techno-economic analysis of hybrid renewable ... link.springer.com Dec 6, 2023 1 fact
referenceSchmidt J, Cancella R, and Pereira AO published a study in 2016 titled 'An optimal mix of solar photovoltaic, air current and hydro power for a low-carbon electricity supply in Brazil' in the journal Renewable Power.
What Western medicine can learn from the ancient history of ... - BBC bbc.com Sep 11, 2024 1 fact
claimIndigenous communities in Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico use psychoactive substances to communicate with ancestors, access other realms of being, and gain information about the world.
Tariffs are a particularly bad way to raise revenue | Brookings brookings.edu Nov 4, 2025 1 fact
claimTariffs increase costs for U.S. consumers who prefer imported goods, such as Brazilian coffee, by making those goods more expensive.
Sex differences in cardiorespiratory control under hypoxia - Frontiers frontiersin.org Jan 30, 2025 1 fact
accountThe study on sex differences in cardiorespiratory control under hypoxia was approved by an institutional ethics committee (number: 6.506.154), registered in the Plataforma Brasil database (CAAE: 28151519.0.0000.5243) under the National Council of Health, Ministry of Health, Brazil, and followed the Declaration of Helsinki.