Knowledge Tree
South Africa
synthesized from dimensionsSouth Africa is a nation defined by its profound paleoanthropological heritage, a complex political history centered on the transition from apartheid to democracy, and its contemporary role as a pivotal, yet challenged, player in global energy and geopolitical spheres. Located at the southern tip of the African continent, the country possesses a deep human history, with evidence of early fire control dating back one million years at Wonderwerk Cave and advanced technological development emerging 71,000 years ago early advanced technology. Archaeological sites such as the Klasies River Cave provide critical insights into early human activity, including the consumption of cooked starchy foods cooked starchy food hearths and the presence of early Homo sapiens remains burnt early Homo sapiens bones.
The modern state was forged through the dismantling of the apartheid regime (1948–1994), a process of negotiated reform that culminated in the 1994 democratic elections apartheid negotiated transition. Despite this democratic milestone, the country continues to grapple with the structural legacies of its past, most notably extreme socioeconomic inequality, evidenced by a 2014 Gini coefficient of 0.63 Gini coefficient 0.63. This inequality intersects with contemporary challenges in public health and nutrition, where financial constraints and a shift toward Westernized diets have led to inadequate nutritional standards in early childhood development settings ECD feeding practices issues.
In the global arena, South Africa is a key member of the BRICS group BRICS includes South Africa. Its foreign policy is characterized by a strategic balancing act, maintaining economic ties with China and Russia—the latter influenced by historical Soviet support during the anti-apartheid struggle, which informs its diplomatic stance on issues such as UN resolutions regarding the conflict in Ukraine abstention on Russia resolution. Furthermore, the nation has been subject to external pressures, including documented foreign cyber interference during its 2019 elections 2019 election cyber campaign.
South Africa is currently at the forefront of global energy transition efforts, serving as the first signatory to the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) in 2021 first JETP country. This initiative aims to shift the country away from its heavy reliance on coal—80% of which is concentrated in Mpumalanga province 80% coal in Mpumalanga—toward a more sustainable energy mix. While the country pioneered Africa's first carbon price in 2019 first African carbon price, the transition remains contentious. Debates persist regarding the equitable use of carbon tax revenues carbon tax for poor, and labor organizations like NUMSA have challenged renewable energy initiatives, citing concerns over the socio-economic impacts of the transition NUMSA just transition use.
Despite these tensions, the country continues to implement renewable projects, such as the 138.6MW Cookhouse wind farm, which integrates social benefits like community ownership and skills training Cookhouse wind farm details. Culturally, the nation maintains a rich tapestry of indigenous knowledge, ranging from traditional medicinal practices in KwaZulu-Natal medicinal plants in KwaZulu-Natal to the transmission of ancestral wisdom among the Vhavenda Vhavenda indigenous knowledge. These values, particularly the philosophy of *ubuntu*, continue to influence social structures and educational frameworks ubuntu in education, providing a foundation for social cohesion as the nation navigates its complex developmental path.
Model Perspectives (3)
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast definitive 88% confidence
South Africa emerges from the facts as a key player in global energy transitions, particularly emphasizing just transitions amid heavy coal reliance, with 80% of coal production concentrated in Mpumalanga province 80% coal in Mpumalanga and ranking as the 15th highest global carbon emitter 15th highest carbon emitter, according to the Ford Foundation. The Presidential Climate Commission has adopted a Just Transition framework outlining government actions for short-, medium-, and long-term outcomes Presidential Climate Commission framework, while the USD 8.5 billion Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) supports its shift from coal-intensive systems JETP USD 8.5 billion funding, as noted in Springer publications. Studies like K. Chetty et al. (2023) analyze lessons from the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme just transition lessons from REIPPPP, and renewable energy comprises 14% of its mix 14% renewable energy mix. As a BRICS member alongside Brazil, Russia, India, and China BRICS group composition, it maintains close economic ties with Russia (European Journal of Development Studies) and aligns with China via Belt and Road investments (ITIF). The nation faces nutrition challenges, such as grain-dominated feeding in Makhanda ECD centers with limited proteins and vegetables ECD feeding practices issues, and financial constraints leading to inadequate meals financial constraints at ECDs, per Researcher.life studies. It pioneered Africa's first carbon price in 2019 first African carbon price and counters disinformation exploiting divisions (Security and Defence Quarterly). Archaeological evidence highlights early human activity, including cooked starchy foods 120,000-65,000 years ago at Klasies River Cave cooked starchy food hearths. Research spans indigenous knowledge transmission among Vhavenda Vhavenda indigenous knowledge, medicinal plants medicinal plants in KwaZulu-Natal, and water quality challenges (Rensburg et al., 2016).
openrouter/z-ai/glm-5v-turbo 50% confidence
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"content": "Based on the provided data, South Africa is characterized by its profound significance in human evolutionary history, complex contemporary nutritional challenges, and a rich heritage of indigenous knowledge systems.
Archaeological and Evolutionary History
South Africa serves as a critical site for understanding early human development. Research indicates that the control of fire by early humans dates back approximately one million years, supported by evidence of hearths and ash found at the Wonderwerk Cave site in the Northern Cape province. Further archaeological findings suggest that modern humans were cooking underground storage organs (USOs) by 170,000 years ago. At the Klasies River Cave site, researchers have identified cooked starchy food in hearths dating back 120,000 years and noted burnt Homo sapiens bones displaying cut marks. Additionally, the region provides evidence of advanced technology originating 71,000 years ago and microscopic evidence of plant consumption by *Australopithecus sediba* nearly two million years ago bits of silica from plants found in tartar.
Health, Nutrition, and Diet
The country is currently experiencing a significant dietary transition toward Westernized diets, a trend observed alongside similar shifts in Brazil and India transition to adopt more elements of the Western-style diet. This shift has prompted various studies into local nutritional health. For instance, Daniela Casale and colleagues have examined dietary diversity indicators among one-year-olds in Johannesburg, finding low correlations between simple food counts and
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast definitive 75% confidence
South Africa emerges from these facts as a nation with deep paleoanthropological significance, including evidence of early human fire control at Wonderwerk Cave one million years ago, advanced technology originating 71,000 years ago per K. S. Brown et al. in Nature early advanced technology, and burnt Homo sapiens bones at Klasies River Mouth burnt early Homo sapiens bones. It transitioned from apartheid regime 1948-1994 via negotiated reforms by 1990, including freeing Nelson Mandela and legalizing the ANC, per E-International Relations, leading to democracy in 1994 apartheid negotiated transition. This legacy fuels high inequality, with a 2014 Gini coefficient of 0.63 according to the Council on Foreign Relations Gini coefficient 0.63. Currently, South Africa leads in just energy transitions as the first Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) signatory in 2021, per the Ford Foundation, involving multiple nations to cut emissions, repurpose coal plants, and tackle poverty first JETP country. Initiatives like the Renewable Energy IPP Programme fund projects such as the 138.6MW Cookhouse wind farm with social benefits including community ownership and skills training Cookhouse wind farm details. Challenges include NUMSA blocking renewables using just transition arguments NUMSA just transition use, carbon tax revenue debates by Harald Winkler and Andrew Marquard carbon tax for poor, and foreign cyber interference in 2019 elections documented in Security and Defence Quarterly 2019 election cyber campaign. Culturally, ubuntu values shape early childhood development ubuntu in education, while dietary shifts to Western patterns occur amid nutrition studies Western dietary transition. It abstains from anti-Russia UN votes due to Soviet anti-apartheid support abstention on Russia resolution and is a BRICS member BRICS includes South Africa.
Facts (113)
Sources
Realist Review on Just Transition Towards Low Emission, Climate ... link.springer.com Jan 5, 2026 16 facts
referenceThe article 'Fostering a Just Energy Transition: Lessons from South Africa’s Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme' by K. Chetty et al. (2023) analyzes the outcomes and lessons learned from South Africa's renewable energy procurement program.
claimExamples of just transition interventions include the financing and implementation of solar photovoltaic (PV) microgrids for household electricity in 14 remote villages in the Bundelkhand region of India and the USD 8.5 billion Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) renewable energy project in South Africa.
measurementThe countries with the highest representation of just transition interventions in the study are India (14 interventions), South Africa (13), Indonesia (7), China (5), and Ethiopia (5).
claimIn South Africa, the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency for Development Initiative employs women as renewable energy and energy efficiency advisers to conduct consultations regarding local energy needs and access, as noted by Donald (2022).
referenceJoseph Upile Matola and Kendra Connock (2023) analyzed South Africa’s post-COVID climate response and its path to Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) goals in a report for the South African Institute of International Affairs.
claimJust Energy Transition Partnerships (JETPs) are currently being implemented in South Africa, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Senegal.
measurementThe Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) in South Africa is expected to receive USD 8.5 billion of international funding in its first phase to support the country's energy transition.
referenceAnissa Suharsono and Martha Maulidia authored the 2023 report 'What Can Indonesia Learn from South Africa’s Experience of the Just Energy Transition Process?', published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD).
claimThe Just Transition Declaration was agreed upon at the Conference of the Parties 26 (COP26), leading to the establishment of Just Energy Transition Partnerships (JETP) in South Africa, Indonesia, Senegal, and Vietnam.
claimThe South African Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme is an example of an energy intervention in a non-Annex I country that combines climate and social gain-focused activities.
accountThe Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency for Development Initiative in South Africa employs women as renewable energy and energy efficiency advisers and conducts consultations to understand local needs regarding energy use and access.
referenceThe article 'South Africa’s Just Energy Transition Partnership: A Novel Approach Transforming the International Landscape on Delivering NDC Financial Goals at Scale' by Saliem Fakir (2023) examines South Africa's Just Energy Transition Partnership as a model for international climate finance.
claimThe Cookhouse wind farm project in South Africa, funded by the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme, includes social equity elements such as supporting community ownership, providing community skills training, encouraging youth employment, meeting Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment standards, and investing in health care.
claimThe Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) in South Africa aims to support an enabling environment for private sector investment in utility-scale generation, transmission systems, and the repurposing of end-of-life coal power plants to reduce GHG emissions and address inequality, poverty, and unemployment.
measurementThe Cookhouse wind farm project in South Africa has a capacity of 138.6MW and its 66 wind turbines have prevented the emission of 384,000 MtCO2e.
referenceActivities relevant to a just transition in the energy sector include creating an enabling environment through policy reform (such as fossil fuel subsidy reform), establishing legal and investment frameworks (such as South Africa’s Just Energy Transition Partnership), implementing incentives and standards (such as revised tariff structures and renewable energy licensing), and investing in infrastructure and technology (such as renewable energy capacity, transmission capacity, and microgrids).
Communities Powering a Just Energy Transition - Ford Foundation fordfoundation.org Feb 17, 2026 9 facts
measurementRenewable energy currently makes up 14% of South Africa's energy mix.
claimOxpeckers Investigative Journalism monitors South Africa's energy transition in real time at key sites, including Mpumalanga, through its #PowerTracker initiative.
claimSouth Africa, Indonesia, and Colombia are demonstrating that energy transition solutions prioritizing people are viable, with the potential to create quality jobs, expand energy access, and advance sustainable development.
measurement80% of South Africa's coal production is concentrated in the Mpumalanga province.
measurementSouth Africa is currently the 15th highest carbon emitter globally and relies heavily on coal to meet its energy needs.
claimEnergy transitions remain accountable to the people they are meant to serve when South African journalists track whether promises translate into practice.
claimLife After Coal (Impilo Ngaphandle Kwamalahle) is a locally led campaign by environmental justice organizations Earthlife Africa, groundWork, and the Centre for Environmental Rights that serves as a platform and resource for community participation in South Africa’s energy shift.
accountSouth Africa became the first country to enter a Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) with a number of countries in 2021.
claimTracking progress throughout South Africa’s Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) implementation is essential for supporting a shift in power, as it allows communities to access information needed to contribute perspectives and demand accountability.
The Geopolitics of the Russian-Ukrainian War: Implications for Africa ... eu-opensci.org Aug 3, 2024 6 facts
claimSouth Africa, Egypt, and Nigeria should develop new political and economic policies to produce food domestically to mitigate the political and economic fallout from the war in Ukraine.
claimRussia and South Africa maintain close economic connections due to their shared membership in the BRICS organization, which unites emerging nations.
claimSouth Africa, Nigeria, and Egypt, which possess the most developed economies in Africa, are likely to be the most impacted by the prolonged Russia-Ukraine crisis if it is not settled quickly.
measurementEgypt, Sudan, Nigeria, Tanzania, Algeria, Kenya, and South Africa imported agricultural goods from Russia worth $4 billion in 2020.
claimSouth Africa and several other Southern African states abstained from the United Nations resolution against Russia due to nostalgia for the Soviet Union's support of their liberation struggles during the apartheid era and the Cold War.
claimAlthough Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa have declared neutral positions regarding the Russia-Ukraine war, this stance represents a setback for Russia, which views South Africa as a crucial friend in Africa.
The Role Of Nutrition In Early Childhood Development And Its ... discovery.researcher.life Oct 30, 2024 6 facts
measurementThe average amount spent on food per child per month at the studied ECD centres in Makhanda, South Africa, was R90 ± R25 (South African Rand).
claimEarly Childhood Development (ECD) facilitators in South Africa reported insufficient parental contributions and low engagement in supporting center operations and child nutrition, which indicates a gap in awareness and limited knowledge regarding optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices.
procedureA study investigated food and nutrition security in eight Early Childhood Development (ECD) centres in Makhanda, South Africa, enrolling 307 children aged 0–5 years using a mixed-methods approach including questionnaire interviews, focus group discussions, direct observations, and community asset mapping.
perspectiveFuture research on child nutrition interventions in South Africa should focus on scalable, locally anchored models that are contextually grounded, community-driven, and strengthen the resilience of Early Childhood Development (ECD) centers.
claimFinancial constraints at ECD centres in Makhanda, South Africa, undermine the ability to provide nutritionally adequate meals, leading to cost-driven dietary substitutions with cheaper, less diverse alternatives.
claimFeeding practices at the studied ECD centres in Makhanda, South Africa, are dominated by grains and starchy foods, with limited access to and rare consumption of protein-rich foods, dairy, and vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables, despite guidance from Department of Health dieticians.
Strategic analysis of cyber conflicts: A game-theoretic modelling of ... securityanddefence.pl May 31, 2025 6 facts
accountThe South African government and civil society organizations countered disinformation campaigns by launching public awareness initiatives and cooperating with social media companies to identify and remove fake accounts.
referenceDisinformation campaigns in South Africa exploited existing social and political divisions to amplify controversial viewpoints and potentially sway voter opinions, according to Freymann and Stronski (2020).
referenceThe incident involving disinformation campaigns in South Africa highlights the challenges African nations face in securing electoral processes against sophisticated cyber threats, as noted by Bengani (2024).
referenceForeign actors targeted South African societal issues such as land reform, racial tension, and economic inequality to influence elections using low-cost, high-impact cyber tactics, as documented by Polyakova and Fried (2019).
accountThe 2019 cyber campaign targeting South Africa’s general elections involved the creation of numerous fake social media accounts, the spreading of divisive and inflammatory content, and attempts to manipulate online discussions about key election issues.
referenceThe authors of the study 'Strategic analysis of cyber conflicts: A game-theoretic modelling of global cyber' selected six significant cyber conflict cases for analysis: Russian cyber interventions in the 2016 US elections (Jamieson, 2018), Venezuela’s cyberattack on Brazil’s energy grid in 2015 (Bronk and Tikk-Ringas, 2013), the 2007 Estonia–Russia cyber conflict (Herzog, 2011), cyber tensions during the 2020 China–India border crisis (Sharma, 2020), the Stuxnet attack on Iran in 2010 (Farwell and Rohozinski, 2011), and cyber manipulation attempts in the 2019 South African elections (Garnett and James, 2020).
Sustainable Energy Transition for Renewable and Low Carbon Grid ... frontiersin.org Mar 23, 2022 4 facts
referencePegels (2010) analyzed the potentials, barriers, and options for supporting renewable energy in South Africa.
referenceMusango, Amigun, and Brent (2011) examined initiatives, challenges, and policy implications regarding sustainable electricity generation technologies in South Africa.
referenceM. J. B. Kabeyi and A. O. Oludolapo authored the paper 'Characteristics and Applications of Geothermal Wellhead Powerplants in Electricity Generation', published in the SAIIE31 Proceedings in South Africa, edited by Teresa H.
referenceM. J. B. Kabeyi and A. O. Oludolapo presented a paper titled 'Preliminary Design of a Bagasse Based Firm Power Plant for a Sugar Factory' at the South African Universities Power Engineering Conference (SAUPEC) at North West University, South Africa, held from January 27-28, 2021.
Energy asset stranding in resource-rich developing countries and ... frontiersin.org Jun 10, 2024 4 facts
claimAs of August 2023, Germany has signed hydrogen partnerships with Australia, Canada, Chile, Japan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and the regions of Western and Southern Africa.
claimJust Energy Transition Partnerships (JETPs) target coal-intensive energy systems, with South Africa, Indonesia, and Vietnam serving as the first recipient countries.
claimGermany maintains energy partnership agreements with Algeria, Angola, Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Morocco, Nigeria, Norway, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, USA, and Uzbekistan.
referenceTobias Kalt, J. Simon, J. Tunn, and J. Hennig's 2023 article, 'Between green extractivism and energy justice: competing strategies in South Africa's hydrogen transition in the context of climate crisis', analyzes the tension between green extractivism and energy justice in South Africa's hydrogen transition.
Carbon Pricing for Inclusive Prosperity: The Role of Public Support econfip.org 3 facts
claimSouth Africa became the first African country to introduce a carbon price in June 2019.
perspectiveHarald Winkler and Andrew Marquard argue that carbon tax revenues could be harnessed to assist the poor in South Africa.
claimHarald Winkler and Anton Marquard (2019) noted that because South Africa's carbon tax rate is low and currently not earmarked, there have been calls to use the revenue to provide cleaner and safer energy to the poor.
The role of Plant Foods in the evolution and Dispersal of early Humans kernsverlag.com Jul 30, 2022 3 facts
referenceM., Ligouis, B., Wurz, S., and Jones, M. K. (2019) identified cooked starchy food in hearths dating to approximately 120,000 and 65,000 years ago (Marine Isotope Stages 5e and 4) at the Klasies River Cave site in South Africa.
referenceF. Berna et al. published 'Microstratigraphic Evidence of in situ Fire in the Acheulean Strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape province, South Africa' in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A in 2012.
claimModern humans in South Africa were cooking underground storage organs (USOs) by 170,000 years ago.
Ethnobotanical study of food plants used in traditional medicine in ... link.springer.com Nov 26, 2025 2 facts
referenceMalapane OL, Chanza N, and Musakwa W published a 2024 study titled 'Transmission of Indigenous knowledge systems under changing landscapes within the Vhavenda community, South Africa' which examines how landscape changes affect the transfer of indigenous knowledge.
referenceThe study titled 'Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the treatment of Gastrointestinal disorders in the Eastern cape Province, South Africa' was published in the Journal of Medicinal Plants Research in 2009.
Navigating Tensions in Just Energy Transitions kleinmanenergy.upenn.edu Aug 20, 2025 2 facts
referenceSouth Africa’s Presidential Climate Commission has adopted a Just Transition framework as a planning tool, which sets out the actions that the government and its social partners will take to achieve a Just Transition, and the outcomes to be realized in the short, medium, and long term (Presidential Climate Commission 2022).
referenceThe Presidential Climate Commission published 'A presidential climate commission report: A framework for a Just Transition in South Africa' in 2022.
Strategic Rivalry between United States and China swp-berlin.org 2 facts
Iran at a Historical Crossroads - E-International Relations e-ir.info Mar 25, 2025 2 facts
accountIn the 1980s, South Africa's apartheid regime faced international sanctions and fought proxy conflicts in Angola and Namibia against Soviet-backed forces.
accountBy 1990, South Africa's apartheid regime initiated a negotiated transition, which included freeing Nelson Mandela, legalizing the African National Congress (ANC), and withdrawing from Namibia, leading to a democratic government by 1994.
Energy Transition Literature - PSU Center for Energy Law and Policy celp.psu.edu May 20, 2024 2 facts
claimTodd and McCauley (2021) conclude that the fossil fuel industry in South Africa hinders the development of renewable resources, negatively impacting residents in townships and rural areas.
referenceTodd and McCauley (2021) demonstrate through a case study of South Africa that the pace of energy transition is influenced by operational barriers, social barriers, and policy actions.
Private Wealth Migration 2025 | Press Release - Henley & Partners henleyglobal.com Jun 24, 2025 2 facts
claimOutflows of high-net-worth individuals from India and South Africa are being partially offset by the return of wealthy individuals from the United Kingdom.
measurementIn 2025, China is projected to have a net loss of 7,800 high-net-worth individuals, India a net loss of 3,500, Russia a net loss of 1,500, and South Africa a net loss of 250.
Carbon Pricing as a Climate Policy Instrument: Global Lessons ... journal.idscipub.com Jul 31, 2025 2 facts
accountRensburg, Barnard, and Krüger (2016) documented challenges in the potable water industry caused by changes in source water quality, using the Midvaal Water Company in South Africa as a case study.
referenceRensburg, Barnard, and Krüger (2016) documented challenges in the potable water industry caused by changes in source water quality, using a case study of the Midvaal Water Company in South Africa, published in Water SA.
Western pattern diet - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 2 facts
claimThe dietary transition toward Westernized diets is occurring rapidly in low and middle-income countries, specifically observed in Brazil, India, and South Africa.
claimDeveloping countries, including Mexico, South Africa, and India, have transitioned to adopt more elements of the Western-style diet.
Cross-cultural similarities and variations in parent-child value ... nature.com Nov 26, 2025 2 facts
claimIn South Africa, the values embodied in ubuntu, such as humanness, love, and compassion, are recognized as local cultural ideals for Early Childhood Development.
referencePadayachee, Maistry, Harris, and Lortan (2023) explored the value of the indigenous knowledge of ubuntu in early childhood education in South Africa.
Forms of Government: Change - What Is Economic Inequality? education.cfr.org Jun 9, 2025 2 facts
measurementSouth Africa had a Gini coefficient of 0.63 in 2014, making it one of the most unequal countries in the world.
accountApartheid was a system in South Africa from 1948 to 1994 through which white South Africans controlled the country's government and economy, creating a legacy that continues to drive economic inequality between white and Black South Africans.
measurement-of-dietary-diversity Research Articles - Page 1 discovery.researcher.life 1 fact
referenceDaniela Casale and colleagues published a study in the South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition on May 28, 2019, which compared dietary diversity indicators among one-year-olds using data from the Birth to Twenty Plus longitudinal cohort study in Johannesburg, South Africa.
The International Implications of the Russo-Ukrainian War link.springer.com 1 fact
claimRussia Today (RT) has gained traction in South Africa, Nigeria, and Kenya, where its news coverage resonates with audiences disillusioned with Western media outlets.
Free Trade Protectionism: U.S. Tariffs Are Creating a New Trade ... itif.org Jul 7, 2025 1 fact
claimCountries in the Global South, particularly members of the Belt and Road Initiative such as Bangladesh, Brazil, Pakistan, and South Africa, are increasingly aligning with China, facilitated by Chinese investments.
Medicinal plants and human health: a comprehensive review of ... link.springer.com Nov 5, 2025 1 fact
referenceGalvin, Chiwaye, and Moolla (2024) conducted a study on religious and medical pluralism among traditional healers in Johannesburg, South Africa, published in the Journal of Religion and Health.
Editorial: Local, traditional and indigenous food systems in the 21st ... frontiersin.org 1 fact
claimPereira and Hawkes identified five key entry points to revitalize the sorghum food system in South Africa, including increasing affordability through trade and tax adjustments and increasing consumer appeal.
Free and open-source software - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 1 fact
referenceThe National Advisory Council on Innovation Open Software Working Group in South Africa published a report on Free/Libre & Open Source Software and Open Standards in South Africa.
Carbon Pricing for Climate Change Mitigation and Financing the SDGs global-solutions-initiative.org 1 fact
claimDespite the Paris Agreement, a global renaissance of coal is expected in some G20 countries, including Turkey, South Africa, and India, according to Steckel et al. (2015).
Fact Sheet: USTR Initiates 60 Section 301 Investigations Relating to ... ustr.gov 1 fact
claimThe Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) has initiated Section 301 investigations into 60 specific economies: Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China (People’s Republic of), Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, European Union, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong (China), India, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Türkiye, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Vietnam.
Medicinal plants: bioactive compounds, biological activities ... frontiersin.org 1 fact
referenceGhuman S, Ncube B, Finnie J, McGaw LJ, Coopoosamy RM, and Van Staden J published a 2016 study in Frontiers in Pharmacology titled 'Antimicrobial activity, phenolic content, and cytotoxicity of medicinal plant extracts used for treating dermatological diseases and wound healing in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa', which examines the medicinal properties of local plants.
Wealthfront Classic Portfolio Investment Methodology White Paper research.wealthfront.com Mar 9, 2026 1 fact
claimEmerging market stocks represent ownership shares in companies located in developing economies, specifically Brazil, China, India, South Africa, and Taiwan.
Ethnobotanical and Food Composition Monographs of Selected ... ouci.dntb.gov.ua 1 fact
referenceAfolayan and Jimoh (2009) studied the nutritional quality of several wild leafy vegetables in South Africa.
The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment ... nationalacademies.org 1 fact
referenceThe Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) and the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI) have conducted an ongoing analysis of deep decarbonization pathways for 15 nations: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Attachment Theory, Bowlby's Stages & Attachment Styles positivepsychology.com Nov 28, 2024 1 fact
claimSusan McGarvie is a therapist, mindfulness practitioner, and educator based in South Africa who specializes in mindfulness training and course development to support emotional regulation, resilience, and compassionate care.
USTR Initiates 60 Section 301 Investigations Relating to Failures to ... ustr.gov Mar 12, 2026 1 fact
claimThe 60 US trade partners subject to the USTR Section 301 investigations regarding forced labor include Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, the European Union, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, the Philippines, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Türkiye, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Vietnam.
Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Shabelle Zone, Eastern ... link.springer.com Feb 5, 2026 1 fact
referenceMothupi FM and Shackleton CM studied the traditional knowledge and consumption of wild edible plants in rural households in Limpopo Province, South Africa, in a 2025 publication in the Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.
Medicinal plants meet modern biodiversity science - OUCI ouci.dntb.gov.ua 1 fact
referenceTshabalala et al. predicted the geographical distribution shift of medicinal plants in South Africa due to climate change.
The Influence of Lunar Phases on Activity Patterns of Mammals frontiersin.org 1 fact
claimFannie W. Shabangu is affiliated with the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment in Cape Town, South Africa.
Global perspectives on energy technology assessment and ... link.springer.com Oct 30, 2025 1 fact
referenceAliyu A.K., Modu B., and Tan C.W. (2018) reviewed renewable energy development in Africa, specifically focusing on South Africa, Egypt, and Nigeria.
Reviewing the Prehistoric Menu | American Scientist americanscientist.org 1 fact
claimThe control of fire by early humans dates back approximately one million years, supported by evidence of hearths, burned bones, and plant ashes found at the Wonderwerk Cave site in South Africa.
Homo erectus, our ancient ancestor | Natural History Museum nhm.ac.uk 1 fact
claimResearchers found evidence of ash and burnt bone fragments in a one-million-year-old sediment layer in the Wonderwerk Cave in South Africa, which is considered evidence of fire use by early humans.
Nutraceutical Compounds of edible wild plants collected in Central ... wildlife-biodiversity.com Sep 26, 2024 1 fact
referenceRocha et al. (2017) published a study in the South African Journal of Botany (111, 222–231) detailing the biochemical profile and in vitro neuroprotective properties of Carpobrotus edulis L., a medicinal and edible halophyte native to the coast of South Africa.
A Scoping Review of Indicators for Sustainable Healthy Diets frontiersin.org Jan 12, 2022 1 fact
referenceCloete and Idsardi (2013) examined perceptions and realities regarding the consumption of indigenous and traditional food crops in South Africa.
World Trade Without the US | Cato Institute cato.org 1 fact
claimIndonesia has joined the BRICS group, which includes Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
Cybersecurity Trends and Predictions 2025 From Industry Insiders itprotoday.com 1 fact
measurementApproximately 4 billion people across 60 countries were expected to vote in elections during 2024, including major elections in the US, UK, EU, Taiwan, South Africa, and India.
Measurement Of Dietary Diversity Research Articles - Page 1 discovery.researcher.life 1 fact
measurementThe study by Daniela Casale et al. on one-year-olds in Johannesburg, South Africa, found a low correlation between measures of dietary diversity based on simple counts of food items or groups and the Healthy Food Diversity Index.
Analysis of study Global Burden of Disease in 2021 - Frontiers frontiersin.org Jan 14, 2025 1 fact
claimThe Global Alliance for Nutrition Improvement has implemented programs to increase dietary iron intake in 14 countries, including a fish sauce iron fortification program in Vietnam and a wheat and corn meal iron fortification project in South Africa.
Moonlight shapes how some animals move, grow and even sing sciencenews.org Jul 8, 2019 1 fact
accountBehavioral ecologist Jenny York studied white-browed sparrow weavers (Plocepasser mahali) in the Kalahari Desert of South Africa.
[PDF] Cannabis in South Africa, The people's plant - unodc unodc.org 1 fact
claimThe existing Cannabis industry in South Africa possesses expertise that, if engaged by the government, could mitigate the prohibitive costs of litigation.
Evidence for Meat-Eating by Early Humans | Learn Science at Scitable nature.com 1 fact
referenceK. S. Brown et al. published 'An early and enduring advanced technology originating 71,000 years ago in South Africa' in Nature.
How do we know what they ate? - The Australian Museum australian.museum Oct 21, 2020 1 fact
claimSome Homo sapiens bones found at the Klaisies River Mouth site in South Africa are burnt and display cut marks on fresh bone similar to those observed on the Bodo specimen.
Medicinal Plants and their Traditional Uses - Open Access Pub openaccesspub.org 1 fact
measurementApproximately 75% of people with HIV/AIDS in San Francisco, London, and South Africa use traditional or alternative medicine.
Geopolitics of the energy transition: between global challenges and ... geoprogress-edition.eu Oct 26, 2025 1 fact
accountThe National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA) used the concept of 'Just Transition' to legally prevent the South African state electricity company from signing renewable energy contracts with independent power producers.
USTR Launches Broad Section 301 Investigations Into Excess ... dwt.com 2 days ago 1 fact
claimThe countries targeted for review in the Section 301 investigation are Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, the Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, the EU, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, the Philippines, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Türkiye, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Vietnam.
Renewable Energy Landscapes and Socio-ecological Transitions link.springer.com Mar 13, 2026 1 fact
referenceWalker, G. authored 'Renewable energy and community justice: Lessons from South Africa', published in Energy Policy in 2019, volume 132, pages 1121–1131.
Associations between dietary diversity and self-rated health in a ... link.springer.com Feb 28, 2025 1 fact
referenceConklin AI, Monsivais P, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Forouhi NG published a cross-sectional study in the journal Children (2020) titled 'Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Status of Preschool Children in North West Province, South Africa: A Cross Sectional Study' which evaluates the nutritional status of children in relation to their dietary diversity.
To Follow the Real Early Human Diet, Eat Everything scientificamerican.com Jun 25, 2024 1 fact
accountResearchers analyzing tartar preserved in the teeth of two Australopithecus sediba individuals from South Africa found microscopic bits of silica from plants, including bark, leaves, sedges, and grasses, consumed nearly two million years ago.