Knowledge Tree
diet quality
Also known as: dietary quality, diet quality scores, diet quality measures, diet quality indicators
synthesized from dimensionsDiet quality is a multidimensional construct representing the overall healthfulness of dietary patterns. While there is no single universal definition, it is broadly characterized by the principles of adequacy, diversity, balance, moderation, and nutrient density principles of diet quality as noted by researchers. Historically, the concept focused primarily on the prevention of nutrient deficiencies, but modern frameworks have expanded to include the consumption of protective foods, the degree of food processing historical definition food processing classification, and, increasingly, the environmental impact of food systems as recognized by the FAO and WHO FAO/WHO planetary health.
The assessment of diet quality is complex, with a wide array of metrics—ranging from 55 to 81 distinct indices—employed across the scientific community variety of metrics across various studies. These range from simple proxy measures, such as the Dietary Diversity Score, to data-intensive composite indicators like the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) composite indicators GDQS measures diet. While high-quality data from food diaries or 24-hour recalls remain the gold standard, there is a significant movement toward developing low-burden, simplified tools and screeners to facilitate monitoring in resource-constrained settings data requirements low-burden indicators suite.
The significance of diet quality is rooted in its profound impact on human health and biological outcomes. Higher diet quality is consistently associated with reduced risks of premature mortality, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and metabolic syndrome, with inflammation often serving as a mediating mechanism health associations diet quality reduces deaths inflammation mediates effects. Beyond individual health, diet quality has played a central role in human evolutionary history, influencing brain growth and life-history parameters as described by researchers.
Despite its importance, achieving optimal diet quality is hindered by significant socioeconomic and systemic barriers. Factors such as education, income, gender, and regional agricultural practices heavily influence dietary patterns socioeconomic associations sociodemographics affect quality. Furthermore, global policy frameworks are sometimes criticized for relying on reductionist, single-nutrient approaches rather than holistic dietary patterns policy challenges. With global diet-related health costs projected to reach USD 1.3 trillion annually by 2030, the need for standardized, culturally sensitive, and actionable metrics remains a critical priority for public health economic/social factors for the scientific community.
Model Perspectives (3)
openrouter/google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview definitive 100% confidence
Diet quality is a multidimensional, complex concept that lacks a single universal definition different studies and cultures define it differently. Instead, it is frequently evaluated through varied parameters including nutrient adequacy, diversity, moderation, nutrient density, and food safety as noted by researchers. Because of the diversity of dietary patterns globally, creating valid, standardized measures for diet quality remains a significant challenge for the scientific community.
Researchers employ a wide array of metrics to assess diet quality, with one review identifying 55 unique indicators across various studies. Among these, composite indicators that measure multiple concepts simultaneously are the most common according to research. While detailed data from tools like food diaries or 24-hour recalls are often used, more feasible, lower-burden 'screeners' and shorter food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are also utilized as discussed by Arimond and Deitchler. For cross-country comparisons, the Planetary Health Diet (PHD) is considered a particularly suitable reference according to Springer-published research.
Diet quality is significantly linked to health and biological outcomes. Historically, improvements in dietary quality were central to the evolution of the genus *Homo*, correlating with brain growth and changes in life-history parameters as described by researchers. In modern contexts, higher diet quality is associated with reduced risks of premature death per Wang et al., cardiovascular disease, and cancer as noted by Diagnostic Detectives. However, sociodemographic factors such as gender, education, and income consistently influence these scores as highlighted in global studies, and regional differences in quality persist even within the same country according to Springer.
openrouter/google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview definitive 100% confidence
Diet quality is a multidimensional concept defined by the core principles of adequacy, diversity, balance, and moderation principles of diet quality. Historically, it was viewed through the lens of preventing nutrient deficiencies, but modern assessments have shifted toward a broader framework that includes consumption of protective foods and, more recently, the degree of food processing historical definition food processing classification.
Measuring diet quality is complex, with a systematic review identifying 81 distinct indices, ranging from simple proxy measures like the Dietary Diversity Score to more data-intensive composite indicators like the Healthy Eating Index and Mediterranean Diet Score variety of metrics composite indicators. While many indices require detailed intake data, there is a recognized need for simplified tools, such as the Diet Quality Questionnaire, to monitor populations where such data is scarce data requirements development of tools.
Diet quality is a critical determinant of public health, with evidence linking improved quality to reduced premature mortality and better cardiometabolic outcomes health associations mortality associations. Despite this, the field faces challenges; the international community's focus on quality is reportedly hindered by a reductionist, single-nutrient approach in some global policy frameworks policy challenges. Furthermore, diet quality is influenced by socioeconomic factors, including education, employment, and agricultural practices, with research noting that global diet-related health costs could reach USD 1.3 trillion annually by 2030 economic/social factors socioeconomic associations.
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast 85% confidence
Diet quality refers to the overall healthfulness of dietary patterns, as defined by Alkerwi in 2014 Alkerwi defined concept, with FAO and WHO incorporating planetary health effects into definitions in 2019 FAO/WHO planetary health. It is assessed using metrics like variety/diversity scores variety/diversity scores used, Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) GDQS measures diet, low-burden indicators by Herforth et al. low-burden indicators suite, and 13 selected indicators 13 indicators selected. Higher diet quality associates with better health outcomes, including reduced premature death globally per Wang et al. diet quality reduces deaths, lower weight status in children by Jennings et al. diet quality and weight, fewer cardiometabolic risks GDQS and cardiometabolic, and less multimorbidity in older adults by Vega-Cabello et al. diet quality multimorbidity. Food biodiversity positively links to diet quality across eight studies biodiversity and quality, while sociodemographics like age, sex, and region influence it, as in Hiza et al. sociodemographics affect quality and SysOrg findings gender influences quality. In the US, only 0.1% met AHA criteria by 2019 per Greger low AHA compliance. Inflammation often mediates effects, as with HEI-2015 and metabolic syndrome inflammation mediates effects. Tailoring advice to metabolic phenotypes may enhance it tailored dietary advice.
Facts (104)
Sources
Sustainable and healthy diet index (SHDI) unveils regional ... link.springer.com Sep 11, 2025 14 facts
claimThe Planetary Health Diet (PHD) is considered the most suitable and universally applicable reference diet for conducting cross-country comparisons of dietary quality.
claimRegional differences in diet quality persist even within the same country.
measurementThe SysOrg survey examined the diet quality of 2,210 respondents across five Case Study Territories (CSTs).
claimBetter diet quality is generally associated with higher age and education levels, although these relationships are not always consistent.
measurementGender significantly influenced diet quality in two CSTs (p < 0.001), with males having better diets in North Hessia and females having healthier and more sustainable diets in Warsaw.
referenceHiza HAB, Casavale KO, Guenther PM, and Davis CA (2013) published 'Diet quality of Americans differs by age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and education level' in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which examines how sociodemographic factors influence diet quality in the United States.
claimDietary indexes are tools used for assessing diet quality, though many require detailed dietary intake data collected through food frequency questionnaires (FFQs), food diaries, or 24-hour recalls.
claimThe observation that not all territories in the SysOrg survey showed significant results or consistent behavior supports the findings of Irz and colleagues, who identified regional differences in diet quality that extend beyond national-level results.
claimIndexes based on shorter food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) may provide a more feasible and less resource-intensive approach to evaluating dietary quality compared to methods requiring detailed intake data.
claimHigher education level was associated with better diet quality in the Warsaw Case Study Territory (CST).
claimIn the North Hessia Case Study Territory (CST), males had a higher total SHDI compared to females, whereas in the Cilento and Warsaw Case Study Territories (CSTs), females had healthier diets.
claimSome studies report lower diet quality among older adults and highlight significant inter-individual variation in diet quality.
referenceIrz X, Fratiglioni L, Kuosmanen N et al. (2014) published 'Sociodemographic determinants of diet quality of the EU elderly: a comparative analysis in four countries' in Public Health Nutrition, which analyzes how sociodemographic factors affect the diet quality of elderly populations in the European Union.
claimWomen tend to have better diet quality than men.
Global dietary quality in 185 countries from 1990 to 2018 show wide ... nature.com Sep 19, 2022 12 facts
referencePatterns of complementary feeding behaviors predict diet quality in early childhood according to a 2020 study by Switkowski et al. published in the journal Nutrients.
claimGlobally, diet quality scores were higher among women versus men and among more versus less educated individuals.
referenceDiet quality is independently associated with weight status in children aged 9-10 years according to a 2011 study by Jennings et al. published in the Journal of Nutrition.
claimDiet quality was generally highest among infants and young children and worsened into adolescence globally.
referenceA. W. Herforth et al. introduced a suite of low-burden diet quality indicators designed to reflect healthy diet patterns at the population level, published in Current Developments in Nutrition in 2020.
measurementThe MED (Mediterranean Diet) score, used to measure dietary quality in a 2018 global and regional analysis, ranges from 0 to 8.
referenceChanges in diet quality are associated with total and cause-specific mortality according to a 2017 study by Sotos-Prieto et al. published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
referenceA 2017 study by Krasevec et al. published in Maternal & Child Nutrition investigated the relationship between diet quality and the risk of stunting among infants and young children in low- and middle-income countries.
referenceD. D. Wang et al. analyzed trends in dietary quality among adults in the United States from 1999 through 2010, published in JAMA Internal Medicine in 2014.
referenceA 2019 systematic review and meta-analysis by Wu et al. published in Quality of Life Research examined the influence of diet quality and dietary behavior on the health-related quality of life in children and adolescents.
referenceFang Zhang et al. examined trends and disparities in diet quality among US adults based on their participation status in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), published in JAMA Network Open in 2018.
claimGlobal improvement in dietary quality could lead to a substantial reduction in premature death.
Dietary Guidelines and Quality - Principles of Nutritional Assessment nutritionalassessment.org 12 facts
claimNeither the WHO STEPS questionnaire nor the GSHS questionnaire captures the 'whole of diet', and data from these surveys have not been used to develop overall indices of diet quality.
claimLower-burden survey tools, often called screeners, are developed to capture only one or several components of dietary intake or habits.
claimThe GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators (2019) identified that global concerns regarding diet quality now encompass sufficiency/adequacy, non-communicable disease (NCD) risk reduction, food safety, and sustainability, which are relevant in all countries.
claimThe Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) incorporated the effects of diets and food systems on planetary health into some definitions of diet quality in 2019.
referenceArimond M and Deitchler M authored the third edition of 'Principles of Nutritional Assessment: Dietary Guidelines and Assessing Diet Quality', published in May 2024.
claimShivappa et al. (2014) identified the inflammatory effects of dietary components as a significant concern related to diet quality and non-communicable disease (NCD) risk.
claimA recent approach to assessing diet quality involves classifying foods and beverages according to the level of processing involved in their production, as described by Monteiro et al.
claimThe GDR Score categorizes diet quality by assigning positive scores to the consumption of dark-green leafy vegetables, vitamin A-rich orange-colored vegetables, roots, tubers, other vegetables, vitamin A-rich fruits, citrus fruits, other fruits (including red/purple/blue fruits), legumes, nuts/seeds, and whole grains.
accountHistorically, diet quality was defined by sufficiency in calories, protein, vitamins, and minerals to prevent deficiencies, with fruits, vegetables, and animal-source foods (dairy, meat, fish, and eggs) viewed as protective foods.
claimThe assessment of diet quality at the population level is used for monitoring diet quality, assessing diet-disease associations, and evaluating policy and programmatic interventions.
claimMost diet quality scores and indices require detailed quantitative dietary intake and food composition data, though simpler measures have been developed for contexts where such data are unavailable.
claimMany low- and middle-income countries lack nationally representative dietary intake data, and even high-income countries may not collect such data frequently enough to monitor population-level diet quality trends.
A Scoping Review of Indicators for Sustainable Healthy Diets frontiersin.org Jan 12, 2022 11 facts
measurementResearchers identified 55 unique indicators for diet quality concepts across the studies reviewed.
claimWhile no universal definition for diet quality exists, the concept is frequently examined through parameters such as nutrient adequacy, variety or diversity, moderation, nutrient density, and food safety.
measurementComposite indicators, which measure multiple concepts of diet quality such as adequacy, moderation, and diversity, were the most frequently used method for assessing diet quality, accounting for 33% of health indicators (n = 47).
referenceAlkerwi (2014) defined the concept of diet quality.
claimDiet diversity indicators among children are justified as proxy indicators of diet quality associated with nutrient adequacy, based on prior validation studies among children in the relevant age range according to Galway et al. (2018).
claimDeveloping valid food- and diet-related measures of diet quality is difficult due to the variety of dietary patterns observed globally.
referenceCarvalho et al. (2013) studied the relationship between excessive meat consumption, diet quality, and environmental impacts in Brazil.
referenceRidoutt et al. (2019) published 'Diet quality and water scarcity: evidence from a large Australian Population Health Survey' in the journal Nutrients, examining the relationship between diet quality and water usage.
claimThe most frequently used composite indicators for assessing diet quality include healthy eating indices based on national dietary guidelines (such as the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index, the DHD15-Index, and the Healthy Eating Index), Mediterranean Diet Scores, and the PANDiet score.
measurementA systematic review of diet quality metrics identified 81 different indices for diet quality.
claimThe Nutrient Rich Food Index is selected as an indicator of nutrient density because it has been validated in prior studies and effectively tracks diet quality compared to other indices.
Diet Quality Indices: Measures for Bridging Nutrition and Public Health link.springer.com 2 days ago 6 facts
claimDamigou et al. (2023) measured diet quality and the consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods using the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) in relation to cardiometabolic outcomes in the ATTICA Epidemiological cohort study (2002–2022).
referenceVega-Cabello et al. (2024) conducted a prospective cohort study on the relationship between diet quality and multimorbidity in older adults.
referencePereira et al. (2021) compared diet quality, excess body weight, and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents living in São Paulo, Brazil, and the USA.
referenceFrank SM et al. (2024) published a study in PLoS One comparing the Planetary Health Diet Index, Healthy Eating Index-2015, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) in relation to dietary quality and cardiometabolic indicators in the USA.
claimBruns et al. (2022) applied a modified Healthy Eating Index (HEI-Flex) to compare the diet quality of flexitarians, vegans, and omnivores in Germany.
referenceMattei J, Sotres-Alvarez D, Daviglus ML et al. (2016) published a study in the Journal of Nutrition titled 'Diet quality and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors vary by Hispanic and Latino ethnic background in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos'.
A Consensus Proposal for Nutritional Indicators to Assess ... - Frontiers frontiersin.org 4 facts
referenceM. Savy, Y. Martin-Prevel, P. Sawadogo, Y. Kameli, and F. Delpeuch published 'Use of variety/diversity scores for diet quality measurement: relation with nutritional status of women in a rural area in Burkina Faso' in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2005.
claimThe Working Group selected thirteen indicators from a broader framework to assess diet quality.
referenceA. Drewnowski, S.A. Henderson, A.B. Shore, C. Fischler, P. Preziosi, and S. Hercberg published 'Diet quality and dietary diversity in France: implications for the French paradox' in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association in 1996.
claimThe Dietary Diversity Score is a qualitative measure of household access to and consumption of a wide variety of foods, serving as an indicator of diet quality and a proxy for nutrient intake adequacy.
Associations between dietary diversity and self-rated health in a ... link.springer.com Feb 28, 2025 4 facts
referenceCollins CE, Young AF, and Hodge A published a study in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition in 2008 finding that diet quality is associated with higher nutrient intake and self-rated health in mid-aged women.
claimDietary diversity is used as a proxy to assess nutrient adequacy and overall diet quality, while self-rated health (SRH) is used to assess health from sociological, epidemiological, and economic perspectives.
claimThe Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) is considered an appropriate proxy for assessing diet quality and adequacy, as well as predicting energy and nutrient intake.
referenceMora-García G, Ruiz-Díaz MS, Villegas R, and García-Larsen V analyzed changes in diet quality in Colombia over a 10-year period using data from nationally representative cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2005 and 2015.
Measuring Adherence to Sustainable Healthy Diets - R Discovery discovery.researcher.life Dec 26, 2022 3 facts
claimTailoring dietary advice to an individual's metabolic phenotype shows promise for improving health and diet quality.
claimAlternative protein products must be affordable, locally sustainable, and culturally acceptable to improve diet quality and health in low- and middle-income countries.
measurementInterventions regarding Sustainable Healthy Diets (SHDs) predominantly address food waste and diet quality, while social and economic indicators are underrepresented.
measurement-of-dietary-diversity Research Articles - Page 1 discovery.researcher.life 3 facts
claimIncome serves as the primary pathway through which contract farming and diet quality are associated in rice-producing households in Senegal.
referenceAnna Herforth and colleagues published an abstract in Current Developments in Nutrition on June 1, 2019, regarding the development of a Diet Quality Questionnaire for improved measurement of dietary diversity and other diet quality indicators.
claimParticipation in contract farming is positively associated with household dietary diversity and diet quality among rice-producing households in Senegal.
Measurement of diets that are healthy, environmentally sustainable ... frontiersin.org 3 facts
referenceArrieta, Geri, Coquet, Scavuzzo, Zapata, González, and colleagues studied the quality and environmental footprints of diets by socio-economic status in Argentina, published in Science of the Total Environment in 2021.
claimThe authors of the study observe that many existing studies claim to analyze health outcomes but actually focus on diet quality measures, which are not health outcomes themselves.
referenceCuri-Quinto et al. (2022) analyzed the sustainability of diets in Mexico, specifically examining diet quality, environmental footprint, diet cost, and sociodemographic factors.
Health and environmental impacts of diets worldwide globalnutritionreport.org 2 facts
referenceThe study 'Global improvement in dietary quality could lead to substantial reduction in premature death' by Wang DD, Li Y, Afshin A, et al. was published in the Journal of Nutrition in 2019 (149: 1065–74).
referenceWang DD, Li Y, Afshin A, et al. concluded in a 2019 study published in the Journal of Nutrition that global improvement in dietary quality could lead to a substantial reduction in premature death.
The Western Diet and Its Impact on Modern Health: What Patients ... diagnosticdetectives.com 2 facts
The Scientific Consensus on a Healthy Diet - NutritionFacts.org nutritionfacts.org Jun 30, 2021 2 facts
measurementAccording to a 2019 update, the percentage of Americans meeting the American Heart Association's diet quality criteria dropped to one in a thousand.
measurementBy 2019, the percentage of Americans meeting the American Heart Association's basic diet quality criteria had declined to approximately 0.1 percent (one in a thousand).
Unknown source 2 facts
Measurement Of Dietary Diversity Research Articles - Page 1 discovery.researcher.life 2 facts
perspectiveThe institution of contract farming can improve diet quality, supporting the need for nutrition-sensitive agriculture.
referenceThe Diet Quality Questionnaire was developed as a tool for measuring dietary diversity and other diet quality indicators.
Food Biodiversity and its Association with Diet Quality and Health ... sciencedirect.com 1 fact
measurementEight studies reviewed in the article 'Food Biodiversity and its Association with Diet Quality and Health' reported on the association between food biodiversity and diet quality.
Psychedelics, Sociality, and Human Evolution frontiersin.org 1 fact
claimThe emergence of the genus Homo was characterized by an auto-catalytic niche construction process where increasing cognition, dietary quality, and cooperative behavior led to reduced mortality risk and changes in brain size, body composition, and life-history parameters.
Measuring Adherence to Sustainable Healthy Diets: A Scoping ... advances.nutrition.org 1 fact
measurementForty-eight food-based, investigator-defined dietary pattern metrics exist to assess diet quality in free-living, healthy populations at the individual or household level.
Dietary diversity indicators: cultural preferences and health outcomes ouci.dntb.gov.ua 1 fact
referenceEliby et al. conducted a systematic review on the associations between diet quality and anxiety and depressive disorders, published in the Journal of Affective Disorders Reports in 2023.
Dietary Diversity and Its Association with Diet Quality and Health ... mdpi.com 1 fact
claimThe study titled 'Dietary Diversity and Its Association with Diet Quality and Health' investigates the relationship between two different indices of dietary variety, diet quality, and health status.
Toward a comprehensive definition of diet quality nmcd-journal.com Feb 20, 2026 1 fact
claimDiet quality is a multidimensional concept linked to health outcomes, and its definition varies across different studies and cultures.
a synthesis of dietary quality metrics and their validity for ... - PubMed pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1 fact
referenceThe authors of the study 'Defining diet quality: a synthesis of dietary quality metrics and their validity for the double burden of malnutrition' reviewed available global dietary quality metrics and evidence for their validity to assess maternal and child health (MCH) and non-communicable disease (NCD) outcomes, both separately and together.
Conceptual Links between Landscape Diversity and Diet ... - PMC pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1 fact
claimImproving diet quality is a method for overcoming micronutrient deficiencies and contributes to better health outcomes.
Dietary Diversity and Its Association with Diet Quality and Health ... researchgate.net Mar 15, 2026 1 fact
claimThe IFamily Study investigates the association between two dietary diversity indices, specifically the dietary diversity score (DDS) and the food variety score (FVS), and the diet quality and health status of European children, adolescents, and adults.
Nutritional Evolution – Human Origin and Evolution ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in 1 fact
claimThe increase in hominin brain size coincided with a decrease in gut size, which indicates an improvement in dietary quality.
How do the indices based on the EAT-Lancet recommendations ... medrxiv.org May 14, 2024 1 fact
formulaThe total PANDiet score is calculated by multiplying each sub-score by 100 and then calculating their average, resulting in a range from 0 to 100, where higher scores imply superior diet quality and greater nutrient adequacy.
Dietary Diversity, Rather Than Quality, Parallels a Reduction in ... tandfonline.com Nov 18, 2024 1 fact
claimDietary quality is less important than dietary diversity in reducing the risk of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), according to the study 'Dietary Diversity, Rather Than Quality, Parallels a Reduction in ...'.
Editorial: Inflammation and chronic disease - Frontiers frontiersin.org Jul 1, 2024 1 fact
claimInflammation mediates the relationship between diet quality, as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2015, and metabolic syndrome.
Dietary diversity insufficiently explains differences in prevalence of ... journals.plos.org 1 fact
referenceGómez et al. (2021) analyzed the impact of socioeconomic status on diet quality and body mass index in eight Latin American countries as part of the ELANS study.
Scoping Review of Dietary Quality Indices - Oxford Academic academic.oup.com Nov 29, 2025 1 fact
claimHigher diet quality, as assessed by prioritized Dietary Quality Indices (DQIs), is generally associated with favorable health outcomes according to the Scoping Review of Dietary Quality Indices.
Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span nature.com Dec 5, 2019 1 fact
referenceA 2026 study published in the Nutrition Journal utilized traditional and machine learning-based analysis to examine the relationship between dietary inflammatory potential, dietary quality, and advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and mortality risk.
Measuring Global Dietary Diversity by Considering Nutritional ... - PMC pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov May 15, 2025 1 fact
claimThe study titled 'Measuring Global Dietary Diversity by Considering Nutritional ...' reports a general upward trend in global dietary diversity and dietary quality.
Diet quality concept - ScienceDirect.com sciencedirect.com 1 fact
claimA standardized and well-defined framework of diet quality is of great importance for both consumers and scientists from different disciplines.
Measuring Global Dietary Diversity by Considering Nutritional ... mdpi.com 1 fact
claimThe study 'Measuring Global Dietary Diversity by Considering Nutritional' reports that notable regional disparities in dietary quality are influenced by dietary patterns.
Editorial: Local, traditional and indigenous food systems in the 21st ... frontiersin.org 1 fact
measurementDiet-related health costs are projected to reach USD 1.3 trillion per year by 2030 due to low global dietary diversity and diet quality.
History of modern nutrition science—implications for current ... bmj.com Jun 13, 2018 1 fact
perspectiveThe international nutrition community's shift toward prioritizing diet quality is hindered by inertia, as evidenced by the reductionist, single-nutrient focus found in many United Nations sustainable development goals.
Wild edible plants for food security, dietary diversity, and nutraceuticals frontiersin.org Nov 27, 2025 1 fact
referenceIckowitz et al. (2014) analyzed the correlation between dietary quality and tree cover in Africa.