zinc

iron

Justification not yet generated — showing supporting facts

• Leafy vegetables including Amaranthus graecizans, Portulaca oleracea, and Solanum nigrum are good sources of protein and minerals, specifically calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn).
• Wild edible plants serve as sources of carbohydrates, proteins, and fibers, and are rich in vitamins and minerals including vitamin A, vitamin C, zinc, iron, calcium, iodine, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and folate.
• The nutritional potential of underutilized plant species was compared against commonly cultivated crops using calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and calorific value as proxies.
• Uddin et al. (2012) reported that mature leaves of Portulaca oleracea contain high amounts of calcium, iron, and zinc. Wenzel et al. (1990) further identified that Portulaca oleracea shoots are abundant in omega-3 fatty acid, α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, and glutathione, making the plant a source of minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants for functional foods and nutraceutical applications.
• Brassica plants grown under a red-to-blue light ratio of 4:1 show accumulation of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn).
• Mineral analysis of Bellevalia forniculata, Beta corolliflora, Caltha polypetala, and Primula auriculata showed high amounts of potassium (892.93–2,663.63 mg/100 g), phosphorus (239.57–636.77 mg/100 g), calcium (279.90–341.33 mg/100 g), magnesium (103.43–363.27 mg/100 g), iron (11.06–37.13 mg/100 g), manganese (1.56–5.39 mg/100 g), and zinc (2.28–3.36 mg/100 g).
• Plants serve as sources of essential minerals including calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc, which are crucial for maintaining human health.
• Onion plants grown under a blue-to-white light ratio of 1:3 show accumulation of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and boron (B).
• The HSDI and ELDS indices, which are based on binary scoring, correlated inversely with several nutrients including protein, DHA, EPA+DHA, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, iodine, phosphorus, zinc, calcium, and iron.
• Phosphorus in a plant digest is analyzed using the Canada-molybdate yellow color method, Potassium and Calcium are analyzed using a flame photometer, Sulfur is evaluated using a turbidimetric process, and Sodium, Zinc, Copper, Iron, and Manganese are determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
• Pregnant women require adequate amounts of macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) and micronutrients (iron, zinc, and various vitamins) for fetal growth, brain development, and skeletal development.
• Amaranthus viridis and Hibiscus sabdariffa are important providers of protein, fatty acids, iron, magnesium, calcium, and zinc.
• Anaemia in pregnancy is linked to poor dietary intake, specifically micronutrient deficiencies including iron, folate, vitamin B12, and zinc.
• Lettuce plants grown under red light show accumulation of potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn).
• Amaranthus graecizans, Portulaca oleracea, and Dioscorea cayenensis are identified as notable sources of calcium, iron, and zinc, while the fruit Rubus apetalus is a notable source of provitamin A.
• Dietary reliance on a limited variety of plant-based foods may lead to deficiencies in iron, zinc, vitamin A, B12, and omega-3 fatty acids, which are nutrients more readily available in animal-sourced foods.
• Mustard plants grown under a blue-to-red light ratio of 1:1 show accumulation of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and boron (B).
• Vernonia amygdalina seeds contain vitamin C, vitamins B1 and B2, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and manganese.
• Across ELD-I quintiles, protein, LA, vitamin B-12, carbohydrates, and sodium showed negative trends of small magnitude, while zinc showed a negative trend with a moderate effect size; iron and proteins showed no significant trends.
• Rybicka and Gliszczyńska-Świgło analyzed the content of calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in grain gluten-free products in a 2017 study.
• Portulaca oleracea is considered a weed in Ethiopia, but its leaves and stems contain high amounts of iron, zinc, and vitamin C, including twice the amount of iron found in maize.
• Mineral analysis of medicinal plants determines the presence of essential elements including sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn).
• Laboratory analysis of 12 underutilized edible plant species from southwestern Ethiopia showed that all species, excluding fruits, contain higher levels of calcium, iron, and zinc compared to regularly cultivated crops.

calcium

Justification not yet generated — showing supporting facts

• Leafy vegetables including Amaranthus graecizans, Portulaca oleracea, and Solanum nigrum are good sources of protein and minerals, specifically calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn).
• Wild edible plants serve as sources of carbohydrates, proteins, and fibers, and are rich in vitamins and minerals including vitamin A, vitamin C, zinc, iron, calcium, iodine, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and folate.
• The nutritional potential of underutilized plant species was compared against commonly cultivated crops using calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and calorific value as proxies.
• Uddin et al. (2012) reported that mature leaves of Portulaca oleracea contain high amounts of calcium, iron, and zinc. Wenzel et al. (1990) further identified that Portulaca oleracea shoots are abundant in omega-3 fatty acid, α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, and glutathione, making the plant a source of minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants for functional foods and nutraceutical applications.
• Mineral analysis of Bellevalia forniculata, Beta corolliflora, Caltha polypetala, and Primula auriculata showed high amounts of potassium (892.93–2,663.63 mg/100 g), phosphorus (239.57–636.77 mg/100 g), calcium (279.90–341.33 mg/100 g), magnesium (103.43–363.27 mg/100 g), iron (11.06–37.13 mg/100 g), manganese (1.56–5.39 mg/100 g), and zinc (2.28–3.36 mg/100 g).
• Bhandari and Kawabata (2004) assessed the antinutritional factors and the bioavailability of calcium and zinc in wild yam (Dioscorea spp.) tubers found in Nepal.
• Plants serve as sources of essential minerals including calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc, which are crucial for maintaining human health.
• Onion plants grown under a blue-to-white light ratio of 1:3 show accumulation of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and boron (B).
• The HSDI and ELDS indices, which are based on binary scoring, correlated inversely with several nutrients including protein, DHA, EPA+DHA, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, iodine, phosphorus, zinc, calcium, and iron.
• Phosphorus in a plant digest is analyzed using the Canada-molybdate yellow color method, Potassium and Calcium are analyzed using a flame photometer, Sulfur is evaluated using a turbidimetric process, and Sodium, Zinc, Copper, Iron, and Manganese are determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
• Amaranthus viridis and Hibiscus sabdariffa are important providers of protein, fatty acids, iron, magnesium, calcium, and zinc.
• Amaranthus graecizans, Portulaca oleracea, and Dioscorea cayenensis are identified as notable sources of calcium, iron, and zinc, while the fruit Rubus apetalus is a notable source of provitamin A.
• Mustard plants grown under a blue-to-red light ratio of 1:1 show accumulation of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and boron (B).
• Vernonia amygdalina seeds contain vitamin C, vitamins B1 and B2, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and manganese.
• Dill plants grown under red light show accumulation of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and zinc (Zn).
• Rybicka and Gliszczyńska-Świgło analyzed the content of calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in grain gluten-free products in a 2017 study.
• Mineral analysis of medicinal plants determines the presence of essential elements including sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn).
• Laboratory analysis of 12 underutilized edible plant species from southwestern Ethiopia showed that all species, excluding fruits, contain higher levels of calcium, iron, and zinc compared to regularly cultivated crops.

copper

Justification not yet generated — showing supporting facts

• Brassica plants grown under a red-to-blue light ratio of 4:1 show accumulation of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn).
• Common bean plants grown under blue light show accumulation of nitrogen (N), copper (Cu), boron (B), and zinc (Zn).
• Although mean dietary intakes exceeded Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), serum levels of Magnesium, Zinc, and Copper among 34%, 44%, and 37% of Navy trainees were below recommendations, respectively.
• Phosphorus in a plant digest is analyzed using the Canada-molybdate yellow color method, Potassium and Calcium are analyzed using a flame photometer, Sulfur is evaluated using a turbidimetric process, and Sodium, Zinc, Copper, Iron, and Manganese are determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
• Fungi species from the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, Verticillium, Trichoderma, Rhizopus, Penicillium, and Pleurotus can be used to synthesize nanoparticles of titanium oxide, copper, zinc, cadmium sulfide, gold, and silver, allowing for in situ incorporation of these materials into textiles according to Elsakhawy et al. (2022).
• A 1989 study by Singh et al., published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, evaluated the magnesium, zinc, and copper status of US Navy SEAL trainees.
• Lettuce plants grown under red light show accumulation of potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn).
• Mustard plants grown under a blue-to-red light ratio of 1:1 show accumulation of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and boron (B).
• Rybicka and Gliszczyńska-Świgło analyzed the content of calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in grain gluten-free products in a 2017 study.
• Mineral analysis of medicinal plants determines the presence of essential elements including sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn).

magnesium

Justification not yet generated — showing supporting facts

• Mineral analysis of Bellevalia forniculata, Beta corolliflora, Caltha polypetala, and Primula auriculata showed high amounts of potassium (892.93–2,663.63 mg/100 g), phosphorus (239.57–636.77 mg/100 g), calcium (279.90–341.33 mg/100 g), magnesium (103.43–363.27 mg/100 g), iron (11.06–37.13 mg/100 g), manganese (1.56–5.39 mg/100 g), and zinc (2.28–3.36 mg/100 g).
• Plants serve as sources of essential minerals including calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc, which are crucial for maintaining human health.
• Onion plants grown under a blue-to-white light ratio of 1:3 show accumulation of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and boron (B).
• Although mean dietary intakes exceeded Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), serum levels of Magnesium, Zinc, and Copper among 34%, 44%, and 37% of Navy trainees were below recommendations, respectively.
• Amaranthus viridis and Hibiscus sabdariffa are important providers of protein, fatty acids, iron, magnesium, calcium, and zinc.
• A 1989 study by Singh et al., published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, evaluated the magnesium, zinc, and copper status of US Navy SEAL trainees.
• Mustard plants grown under a blue-to-red light ratio of 1:1 show accumulation of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and boron (B).
• Vernonia amygdalina seeds contain vitamin C, vitamins B1 and B2, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and manganese.
• Rybicka and Gliszczyńska-Świgło analyzed the content of calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in grain gluten-free products in a 2017 study.
• Mineral analysis of medicinal plants determines the presence of essential elements including sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn).

potassium

Justification not yet generated — showing supporting facts

• Mineral analysis of Bellevalia forniculata, Beta corolliflora, Caltha polypetala, and Primula auriculata showed high amounts of potassium (892.93–2,663.63 mg/100 g), phosphorus (239.57–636.77 mg/100 g), calcium (279.90–341.33 mg/100 g), magnesium (103.43–363.27 mg/100 g), iron (11.06–37.13 mg/100 g), manganese (1.56–5.39 mg/100 g), and zinc (2.28–3.36 mg/100 g).
• Phosphorus in a plant digest is analyzed using the Canada-molybdate yellow color method, Potassium and Calcium are analyzed using a flame photometer, Sulfur is evaluated using a turbidimetric process, and Sodium, Zinc, Copper, Iron, and Manganese are determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
• Lettuce plants grown under red light show accumulation of potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn).
• Mustard plants grown under a blue-to-red light ratio of 1:1 show accumulation of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and boron (B).
• Vernonia amygdalina seeds contain vitamin C, vitamins B1 and B2, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and manganese.
• Dill plants grown under red light show accumulation of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and zinc (Zn).
• Rybicka and Gliszczyńska-Świgło analyzed the content of calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in grain gluten-free products in a 2017 study.
• Mineral analysis of medicinal plants determines the presence of essential elements including sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn).

vitamin C

Justification not yet generated — showing supporting facts

• Wild edible plants serve as sources of carbohydrates, proteins, and fibers, and are rich in vitamins and minerals including vitamin A, vitamin C, zinc, iron, calcium, iodine, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and folate.
• The ELI dietary index exhibits moderate-sized positive trends regarding DHA, EPA+DHA, and vitamin C, and negative trends regarding zinc.
• The likelihood of adequacy for fibre, thiamine, folate, vitamin C, and manganese is positively related to all six indices based on EAT-Lancet recommendations, while the likelihood of zinc adequacy is inversely correlated with all six indices.
• The Standard American Diet (SAD) provides inadequate levels of micronutrients, which may lead to deficiencies in zinc and Vitamins A, C, D, and E.
• Vernonia amygdalina seeds contain vitamin C, vitamins B1 and B2, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and manganese.
• In the U.S. population, the percentage of people with inadequate levels of key immune-related micronutrients is 45% for Vitamin A, 46% for Vitamin C, 95% for Vitamin D, 84% for Vitamin E, and 15% for Zinc.
• Portulaca oleracea is considered a weed in Ethiopia, but its leaves and stems contain high amounts of iron, zinc, and vitamin C, including twice the amount of iron found in maize.

sodium

Justification not yet generated — showing supporting facts

• Onion plants grown under a blue-to-white light ratio of 1:3 show accumulation of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and boron (B).
• Phosphorus in a plant digest is analyzed using the Canada-molybdate yellow color method, Potassium and Calcium are analyzed using a flame photometer, Sulfur is evaluated using a turbidimetric process, and Sodium, Zinc, Copper, Iron, and Manganese are determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
• Vernonia amygdalina seeds contain vitamin C, vitamins B1 and B2, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and manganese.
• Across ELD-I quintiles, protein, LA, vitamin B-12, carbohydrates, and sodium showed negative trends of small magnitude, while zinc showed a negative trend with a moderate effect size; iron and proteins showed no significant trends.
• Rybicka and Gliszczyńska-Świgło analyzed the content of calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in grain gluten-free products in a 2017 study.
• Mineral analysis of medicinal plants determines the presence of essential elements including sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn).

phosphorus

Justification not yet generated — showing supporting facts

• Mineral analysis of Bellevalia forniculata, Beta corolliflora, Caltha polypetala, and Primula auriculata showed high amounts of potassium (892.93–2,663.63 mg/100 g), phosphorus (239.57–636.77 mg/100 g), calcium (279.90–341.33 mg/100 g), magnesium (103.43–363.27 mg/100 g), iron (11.06–37.13 mg/100 g), manganese (1.56–5.39 mg/100 g), and zinc (2.28–3.36 mg/100 g).
• The HSDI and ELDS indices, which are based on binary scoring, correlated inversely with several nutrients including protein, DHA, EPA+DHA, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, iodine, phosphorus, zinc, calcium, and iron.
• Phosphorus in a plant digest is analyzed using the Canada-molybdate yellow color method, Potassium and Calcium are analyzed using a flame photometer, Sulfur is evaluated using a turbidimetric process, and Sodium, Zinc, Copper, Iron, and Manganese are determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
• Mustard plants grown under a blue-to-red light ratio of 1:1 show accumulation of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and boron (B).
• Dill plants grown under red light show accumulation of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and zinc (Zn).

Portulaca oleracea

Justification not yet generated — showing supporting facts

• Leafy vegetables including Amaranthus graecizans, Portulaca oleracea, and Solanum nigrum are good sources of protein and minerals, specifically calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn).
• Uddin et al. (2012) reported that mature leaves of Portulaca oleracea contain high amounts of calcium, iron, and zinc. Wenzel et al. (1990) further identified that Portulaca oleracea shoots are abundant in omega-3 fatty acid, α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, and glutathione, making the plant a source of minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants for functional foods and nutraceutical applications.
• Amaranthus graecizans, Portulaca oleracea, and Dioscorea cayenensis are identified as notable sources of calcium, iron, and zinc, while the fruit Rubus apetalus is a notable source of provitamin A.
• Rumex apetalus and Portulaca oleracea contain 6.51 mg/100 g and 4.33 mg/100 g dry edible portion of zinc, respectively.
• Portulaca oleracea is considered a weed in Ethiopia, but its leaves and stems contain high amounts of iron, zinc, and vitamin C, including twice the amount of iron found in maize.

protein

Justification not yet generated — showing supporting facts

• Leafy vegetables including Amaranthus graecizans, Portulaca oleracea, and Solanum nigrum are good sources of protein and minerals, specifically calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn).
• The HSDI and ELDS indices, which are based on binary scoring, correlated inversely with several nutrients including protein, DHA, EPA+DHA, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, iodine, phosphorus, zinc, calcium, and iron.
• Amaranthus viridis and Hibiscus sabdariffa are important providers of protein, fatty acids, iron, magnesium, calcium, and zinc.
• Across ELD-I quintiles, protein, LA, vitamin B-12, carbohydrates, and sodium showed negative trends of small magnitude, while zinc showed a negative trend with a moderate effect size; iron and proteins showed no significant trends.

minerals

Justification not yet generated — showing supporting facts

• Leafy vegetables including Amaranthus graecizans, Portulaca oleracea, and Solanum nigrum are good sources of protein and minerals, specifically calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn).
• Wild edible plants serve as sources of carbohydrates, proteins, and fibers, and are rich in vitamins and minerals including vitamin A, vitamin C, zinc, iron, calcium, iodine, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and folate.
• Uddin et al. (2012) reported that mature leaves of Portulaca oleracea contain high amounts of calcium, iron, and zinc. Wenzel et al. (1990) further identified that Portulaca oleracea shoots are abundant in omega-3 fatty acid, α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, and glutathione, making the plant a source of minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants for functional foods and nutraceutical applications.
• Plants serve as sources of essential minerals including calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc, which are crucial for maintaining human health.

Vernonia amygdalina

Vernonia amygdalina is related to zinc because the plant's seeds are documented to contain zinc as a nutritional component [1], and its leaves have been measured to contain concentrations of zinc that exceed WHO safety recommendations [2]. — 2 supporting facts

inflammation

Zinc deficiency contributes to inflammation through altered cytokine production leading to oxidative stress [1], and zinc directly plays a role in modulating immunity and inflammation [2]. — 2 supporting facts

medicinal plants

Zinc is identified as an essential mineral element found within medicinal plants through the process of mineral analysis as described in [1]. — 1 supporting fact

wild edible plants

Wild edible plants are related to zinc because they serve as a natural dietary source of this mineral, as explicitly stated in [1]. — 1 supporting fact

testosterone

Testosterone and zinc are related because zinc contributes to the maintenance of normal testosterone levels in the blood [1]. — 1 supporting fact

Ethiopia

Ethiopia is related to zinc because the plant Portulaca oleracea, which is found in Ethiopia, is a significant source of zinc as described in [1]. — 1 supporting fact

U.S.

The U.S. is related to zinc because [1] provides data on the prevalence of inadequate zinc levels within the U.S. population. — 1 supporting fact