Knowledge Tree
Spain
synthesized from dimensionsSpain is a multifaceted European nation characterized by a profound intersection of deep-time archaeological heritage, contemporary scientific leadership, and an active, strategic role in global geopolitics. Located on the Iberian Peninsula, the country serves as a significant site for the study of human evolution, with critical archaeological evidence at locations such as the Sima del Elefante, where early hominin remains have been identified K. Hardy et al., and the Gran Dolina site, known for *Homo antecessor* butchery evidence Gran Dolina Homo antecessor. Neanderthal activity is further documented through detailed analyses of specimens at the El Sidrón cave El Sidrón Neanderthal butchery, Laura Weyrich.
In the modern scientific landscape, Spain has established itself as a prolific contributor to international research, frequently ranking among the highest in publication output Frontiers. A notable area of specialization is ethnobotany, where researchers have conducted extensive regional studies on wild edible and medicinal plants, documenting nutritional profiles such as carotenoids, tocopherols, and fatty acids in species like *Asparagus acutifolius* ethnobotanical review by Tardío, García-Herrera wild shoots carotenoids, Morales wild vegetables tocopherols. This scientific rigor extends to health and nutritional research, which addresses both the optimization of the traditional Mediterranean diet—which faces challenges regarding adherence—and clinical trials in chronic pain and sleep-cognition links Spanish Mediterranean diet decline, Sanabria-Mazo et al., Faubel et al..
Geopolitically, Spain occupies a unique position as a proponent of European strategic autonomy while maintaining a firm commitment to NATO. This balance is reflected in its advocacy for an EU military headquarters and its hosting of an expanded U.S. naval presence at Rota 2022 NATO Summit, Spain Rota destroyers increase. The nation actively shapes regional policy through initiatives like "Resilient EU 2030" Spain Resilient EU 2030 and maintains a complex economic relationship with the United States, characterized by a significant increase in import volume in recent years Real Instituto Elcano. Spain’s diplomatic stances occasionally mark it as an outlier, such as its specific positioning regarding conflicts in the Middle East American Jewish Committee.
Energy policy remains a central pillar of the Spanish state, marked by a transition toward renewables and a phased approach to coal and nuclear power Ministry for Ecological Transition, Spain nuclear phase-out. While the country has been a pioneer in solar PV incentives, it has also navigated the volatility of market shifts and subsidy adjustments Spain solar PV incentives, Spanish solar subsidies crash. Culturally, Spain is defined by a blend of historical legacy and evolving social norms, ranging from traditional family-oriented child-rearing practices Touro University to modern architectural and landscape innovations that continue to influence the national identity Actar; Ramon Gras, Jeremy Burke.
Model Perspectives (4)
openrouter/z-ai/glm-5v-turbo 50% confidence
{
"content": "Based on the provided facts, Spain is characterized as a significant center for ethnobotanical research, paleoanthropological discovery, and dietary studies.\n\nEthnobotany and Traditional Plant Use\nSpain features extensive documentation regarding the traditional consumption and use of wild edible plants. Researchers such as Javier Tardío, Ramón Morales, and Manuel Pardo-de-Santayana have conducted numerous studies across diverse regions, including [Cantabria](/facts/268
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast definitive 68% confidence
Spain features prominently in ethnobotanical research on wild edible plants, with studies by García-Herrera et al. documenting carotenoid content in shoots like Asparagus acutifolius (García-Herrera wild shoots carotenoids), Pardo-de-Santayana, Tardío, and Morales examining consumption in Cantabria (Campoo wild plants gathering), and Morales et al. analyzing tocopherols and fatty acids (Morales wild vegetables tocopherols). Nutritional research highlights declining Mediterranean diet adherence (Spanish Mediterranean diet decline) and multi-objective diet optimization (Spanish diets optimization study). In energy policy, Spain tailored solar PV incentives effectively (Spain solar PV incentives) but experienced a solar market crash after subsidy cuts (Spanish solar subsidies crash), phased out nuclear post-Fukushima (Spain nuclear phase-out), and focuses on renewables per IEA review (IEA Spain energy transition). The Real Instituto Elcano and European Council on Foreign Relations note Spain's active role in European strategic autonomy, introducing 'Resilient EU 2030' (Spain Resilient EU 2030), viewing NATO as central (Spain NATO security priority), and committing destroyers to Rota (Spain Rota destroyers increase). Archaeological sites reveal Homo antecessor butchery at Gran Dolina (Gran Dolina Homo antecessor) and Neanderthal processing at El Sidrón (El Sidrón Neanderthal butchery). Spain's land area serves as a benchmark for global energy land use (fossil energy land Spain size).
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast definitive 75% confidence
Spain emerges from the facts as a significant center for scientific research, particularly in ethnobotany, where researchers like Javier Tardío, Manuel Pardo-de-Santayana, and Ramón Morales have conducted extensive reviews and regional studies on wild edible and medicinal plants across regions such as Extremadura, Castellón, Asturies, and Córdoba ethnobotanical review by Tardío, asparagus knowledge in Extremadura. Archaeological discoveries highlight prehistoric human activity, including a 50,000-year-old specimen, Neandertal diet evidence from El Sidrón cave analyzed by Laura Weyrich, and early hominin remains at Sima del Elefante per K. Hardy et al.. In energy policy, Spain advances transitions, with analyses of coal phase-out by Pablo del Río, reports from the Ministry for Ecological Transition, and studies on renewables like CSP by Helena Martín et al.. Spain holds distinct views on European strategic autonomy, seeing it compatible with NATO per European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), advocating EU military HQ, and hosting expanded US naval presence at Rota 2022 NATO Summit. Health research includes trials on pain therapies by Sanabria-Mazo et al. and sleep-cognition links by Faubel et al., while cultural practices emphasize family-oriented child-rearing with late bedtimes Touro University. Spain ranks highly in research output, tying for most publications in reviews Frontiers, and regulates FDI Real Instituto Elcano.
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast 35% confidence
The provided facts portray Spain primarily as a contemporary European nation involved in diverse geopolitical, economic, scientific, and historical contexts. According to the Real Instituto Elcano, imports from the United States to Spain doubled between 2018 and 2023, reflecting economic ties. Spain has adopted national dual-use control lists extending beyond EU regulations, as noted by the same institute, alongside support for strengthening EU frameworks support for EU autonomy. In international stances, Spain joined nations voicing concerns over U.S. actions against Iran's proxies per the Irregular Warfare Initiative, and emerged as a European outlier on the Israel-Iran conflict according to the American Jewish Committee. Historically, Spain featured in 15th-16th century colonial tariffs (Washington International Trade Association) and as a target in yellow journalism campaigns (UCLA; Douglas Kellner). Scientifically, Spain hosts ethnobotanical studies like those in Almería by Martínez-Lirola et al. and health research including diets (Frontiers) and chronic pain trials (Torrijos-Zarcero et al.). Architecturally, aldayjover architecture and landscape has pioneered shifts in Spanish culture (Actar; Ramon Gras, Jeremy Burke). UFO reports from Spain appear in 1946 Scandinavian collections (Wikipedia) and national investigations (Wikipedia). Government actions include publishing 'Resilient EU2030' (Real Instituto Elcano) and military foresight (Springer). These snippets suggest Spain's multifaceted role but lack a unified national profile.
Facts (124)
Sources
Ethnobotanical and Food Composition Monographs of Selected ... ouci.dntb.gov.ua 20 facts
referenceGarcía-Herrera P et al. published a study in 2013 in the Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture analyzing the carotenoid content of wild edible young shoots traditionally consumed in Spain, specifically Asparagus acutifolius L., Humulus lupulus L., Bryonia dioica Jacq., and Tamus communis L.
referenceMartínez-Lirola MJ, González-Tejero MR, and Molero Mesa J published ethnobotanical research in 1997 regarding the Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata-Níjar in Almería, Spain, through the Sociedad Almeriense de Historia Natural.
referenceVelasco, Criado, and Blanco (2010) documented the traditional uses of plants in the province of Salamanca, Spain.
referenceP. Morales et al. (2012) analyzed the tocopherol composition and antioxidant activity of various wild vegetables found in Spain.
referenceArauzo et al. (2004) documented the flora of the Tablas de Villarrubia de los Ojos del Guadiana, which is part of the environment of the Tablas de Daimiel in Spain.
referenceJavier Tardío documented the gathering and consumption of wild vegetables in Spain in 2010.
referenceSánchez López et al. (1994) documented useful plants in the Manchuela region of Albacete, Spain.
referenceP. Morales et al. (2012) determined the fatty acid profiles of several wild vegetable species native to Spain.
referenceTardío, Pardo-de-Santayana, and Morales conducted an ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants in Spain in 2006.
referenceVallejo, Peral, and Carrasco (2009) published research on the ethnobotanical and medicinal knowledge of asparagus species in the Extremadura region of Spain.
referenceL. Mulet (1991) conducted an ethnobotanical study of the province of Castellón, Spain.
referenceSan Miguel (2004) documented the ethnobotany and popular knowledge regarding plants in the Piloña council of the Central-Eastern Asturian region of Spain.
referenceManuel Pardo-de-Santayana, Javier Tardío, E. Blanco, A.M. Carvalho, J.J. Lastra, E. San Miguel, and R. Morales conducted a comparative study on traditional knowledge of wild edible plants in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal), published in the Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine in 2007.
referenceGómez-Ortega C published volumes 5–6 of 'Continuación de La Flora española ó Historia de las plantas de España' in 1784, continuing the work of Joseph Quer on the history of Spanish plants.
referenceGonzález JA, García-Barriuso M, and Amich F analyzed the traditional knowledge regarding the consumption of wild and semi-domesticated edible plants in the Arribes del Duero region (Salamanca-Zamora, Spain) in a 2011 study.
referenceTriano et al. (1998) documented the ethnobotanical traditions of the Subbético Cordobés region in Spain in the work 'Recupera tus tradiciones. Etnobotánica del Subbético Cordobés'.
referenceL. Mulet (1997) documented the toxic flora found in the Valencian Community, Spain.
referenceSánchez-Romero (2003) conducted a study on the flora of ethnobotanical interest in the municipality of Rute, Córdoba, Spain.
referenceVerde A, Rivera D, Heinrich M, Fajardo J, Inocencio C, Llorach R, and Obón C published a study in 2003 titled 'Plantas alimenticias recolectadas tradicionalmente en la provincia de Albacete y zonas próximas, su uso tradicional en la medicina popular y su potencial como nutracéuticos' in the journal Sabuco Rev Est Albacet, which examines traditionally collected food plants in Albacete, Spain, their traditional medicinal use, and their potential as nutraceuticals.
referenceVázquez, Suárez, and Pérez (1997) documented the medicinal plants used in the Barros Area of the Badajoz Province, Spain.
Quest for Strategic Autonomy? Europe Grapples with the US - China ... realinstitutoelcano.org Jun 26, 2025 17 facts
measurementThe value of imports from the United States to Poland, Greece, Spain, and Denmark doubled or nearly doubled between 2018 and 2023.
claimSpain introduced the non-paper 'Resilient EU 2030' at the October 2023 Granada meeting, aiming to contribute to a comprehensive, balanced, and forward-looking approach to reinforce the EU's open strategic autonomy.
claimLithuania, Spain, the Netherlands, and Italy have adopted national dual-use control lists that extend beyond the scope of the European Union Dual-Use Regulation.
claimSpain actively advanced the European strategic autonomy agenda during its presidency of the Council of the EU.
accountSpain committed to increasing the number of destroyers stationed at Rota’s Naval Base from four to six under a bilateral agreement announced at the 2022 NATO Madrid Summit.
claimAustria, France, Denmark, Lithuania, Spain, and Italy support strengthening dual-use export control frameworks within the European Union.
claimThe United States planned to add two destroyer ships in southern Spain, as reported by Reuters on 8 May 2023.
referenceThe Government of Spain published the 'Resilient EU2030' document on 15 September 2023.
claimSupport for European strategic autonomy remains strong and consistent in Southern and Western Europe, specifically in Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain.
claimItaly and Spain engage in security dialogues and joint naval exercises in the Indo-Pacific to increase visibility and support their domestic defense industries.
claimSpain has established new regulatory procedures for declaring foreign investments and submitting annual reports regarding Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI).
accountThe United States committed to increasing the number of destroyers stationed at Rota’s Naval Base in Spain from four to six, as announced at the 2022 NATO Madrid Summit.
claimItaly and Spain have engaged in security dialogues and joint naval exercises in the Indo-Pacific region, though these actions are largely symbolic and often serve objectives such as supporting their domestic defence industries.
referenceSpain and the Netherlands published a non-paper titled 'Spain-Netherlands Non-Paper on Strategic Autonomy While Preserving an Open Economy' on 25 March 2021.
perspectiveSpain and Italy feel represented by the European Union’s Indo-Pacific strategy.
measurementThe United States was the primary destination and origin of foreign direct investment for Spain, Denmark, France, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.
claimAustria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain have maintained their support for European strategic autonomy since the 2020 ETNC report.
Independence play: Europe's pursuit of strategic autonomy ecfr.eu Jul 18, 2019 13 facts
perspectiveSpain views NATO as key to its security policy and believes European strategic autonomy should focus on post-conflict stabilisation and crisis management in the European Union’s neighbourhood, particularly the Mediterranean.
claimSpain defines European strategic autonomy as encompassing the European Union’s capacity to protect its interests in economics, civilian capabilities, and technological innovation, rather than just military issues.
claimSpain regards investment in strategic deployment and intelligence capabilities as necessary to achieving European strategic autonomy, with a priority on research and development in new technologies.
claimSpain believes Europe has made progress in capability-related projects such as Permanent Structured Cooperation and bilateral initiatives.
claimSpain favors engagement with multilateral defence initiatives because Spanish officials are aware of the country's lack of national strategic autonomy.
claimSpain defines European strategic autonomy as the freedom to both conduct operations and to operate independently of other powers.
claimSpain believes that United States objections to European strategic autonomy initiatives are driven purely by economic concerns, specifically the potential for these initiatives to help establish an autonomous European defence technological and industrial base.
measurementSpain is among the one-third of European Union member states that see NATO and European strategic autonomy as compatible with each other.
perspectiveSpain advocates for the establishment of an European Union military headquarters to improve coordination between member states.
perspectiveSpain argues that NATO is its current security guarantor, yet the country still sees the European Union as having the potential to become a security organization.
claimSpain is one of only a few European Union member states that perceive Europe as having made significant progress towards strategic autonomy in budgetary matters.
claimSpain relies on the NATO security guarantee to defend against external threats.
measurementSpain is one of only seven European Union countries that view greater solidarity on defence and security as necessary to achieving European strategic autonomy.
Energy Transition Literature - PSU Center for Energy Law and Policy celp.psu.edu May 20, 2024 6 facts
referenceThe International Energy Agency's 2021 Energy Policy Review for Spain identifies the Recovering and Resilience Plan, sustainable mobility, renewable energies, electricity infrastructure, storage and flexibility, and green hydrogen as the primary areas for Spain's energy transition.
referenceThe European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) reported in 2018 that the Spanish government and social partners established a pact to invest €250 million in mining communities as coal mines in Spain shut down.
referenceLieu et al. (2020) in 'Three Sides to Every Story: Gender Perspectives in Energy Transition Pathways in Canada, Kenya and Spain' explore energy pathways using an Alternative Pathways framework applied to Canada, Kenya, and Spain.
referenceThe Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge in Spain published a 2023 report titled '4 years towards a just energy transition' which outlines transition agreements for regions facing the closure of mines, coal-fired power plants, or nuclear power plants to protect employment and the local population.
referencePablo del Río's 2017 paper 'Coal Transition in Spain' examines the characteristics, driving factors, and policies of Spain's coal transition, while addressing the adverse socioeconomic impacts on workers and regions.
referenceNachatter Singh Garha et al. (2022) map stakeholders involved in the decarbonization process in As Pontes, Spain, according to their power and interest, and highlight how these stakeholders' narratives impact the pace of the energy transition.
Global perspectives on energy technology assessment and ... link.springer.com Oct 30, 2025 4 facts
claimTailoring renewable energy incentives to local resources, such as offshore wind in the UK or solar PV in Spain, and promoting sectoral innovation, as seen in Denmark, enhances policy effectiveness.
referenceGaliana-Carballo et al. (2024) applied a socio-metabolic approach to reduce fossil fuel dependency in smallholding farming in l’Horta de València, Spain.
referenceThe study 'Economic feasibility of floating offshore wind farms in the north of Spain' published in J Mar Sci Eng in 2020 examines the financial viability of floating offshore wind energy projects in Northern Spain.
claimEvidence from Germany, the UK, Spain, and Denmark indicates that combining support mechanisms—such as Feed-in Tariffs (FITs), Feed-in Premiums (FIPs), Contracts for Difference (CfDs), Green Certificates, and investment grants—provides greater investment certainty and flexibility than single-policy approaches.
Measurement of diets that are healthy, environmentally sustainable ... frontiersin.org 4 facts
referenceAbejón, Batlle-Bayer, Laso, Bala, Vazquez-Rowe, Larrea-Gallegos, and colleagues applied multi-objective optimization of nutritional, environmental, and economic aspects of diets to the Spanish context, published in Foods in 2020.
measurementStudies in Switzerland and Spain estimate that alternative, healthier diets would not increase in cost and might even decrease in cost compared to current dietary patterns.
referenceBlas et al. published 'A comparison of the mediterranean diet and current food consumption patterns in Spain from a nutritional and water perspective' in Science of The Total Environment in 2019.
measurementThe most represented countries in the review are Spain (6 publications), France (6 publications), the United Kingdom (6 publications), and the United States (4 publications).
A systematic review of cognitive behavioral therapy-based ... frontiersin.org 4 facts
referenceIn a study by Torrijos-Zarcero et al. (2021) in Spain, patients with chronic pain, depression, and anxiety were treated in a randomized controlled trial comparing Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSC) (n=62) against Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (n=61) using weekly face-to-face sessions.
referenceSanabria-Mazo et al. (2023) conducted a randomized controlled trial in Spain involving patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and depression, comparing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy plus Treatment as Usual (ACT+TAU), Behavioral Activation Therapy plus Treatment as Usual (BATD+TAU), and Treatment as Usual (TAU) alone.
measurementThe geographic distribution of the 13 studies included in the systematic review was: Sweden (23%), Spain (23%), Germany (23%), United States of America (15%), Australia (8%), and Iceland (8%).
referenceThe study by Aragonès et al. (2019) in Spain evaluated the efficacy of CBT combined with treatment as usual (TAU) versus TAU alone for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and major depressive disorder.
How do we know what they ate? - The Australian Museum australian.museum Oct 21, 2020 3 facts
claimThe absence of carnivore teeth marks on Homo antecessor bones at the Gran Dolina site in Spain suggests that humans were responsible for the incisions and dismemberment.
claimHomo antecessor bones found at the Gran Dolina cave site in Spain date to approximately 800,000 years old and exhibit cut marks similar to those found on butchered animal remains.
claimNeanderthal bones recovered from El Sidron cave in Spain show evidence of butchery for flesh, including cut marks, deliberate breaks for marrow extraction, human defleshing, and smashed skulls.
The role of Plant Foods in the evolution and Dispersal of early Humans kernsverlag.com Jul 30, 2022 3 facts
referenceThe study of Celtis remains from the Lower Pleistocene of Gran Dolina, Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain) was published by Allué et al. in 2015.
referenceAnalysis of dental calculus from the Sima del Elefante site in Spain reveals the diet and environment of Europe's oldest hominin 1.2 million years ago, according to a 2017 study by K. Hardy et al.
referenceBlasco and Fernández Peris (2012) documented a broad spectrum diet among hominins during the Middle Pleistocene at Bolomor Cave in Valencia, Spain.
Unidentified flying object - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 2 facts
measurementIn 1946, the Swedish military and other sources collected more than 2,000 reports of unidentified aerial objects over Scandinavian nations, with isolated reports also coming from France, Portugal, Spain, Italy, and Greece.
claimGovernments or independent academics in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan, Peru, France, Belgium, Sweden, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Mexico, Spain, and the Soviet Union have investigated UFO reports at various times.
Political and social trends in the future of global security. A meta ... link.springer.com Dec 5, 2017 2 facts
referenceThe Atlantic Alliance, the European Union, and official bodies linked to the Defence Ministries of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States compiled foresight studies between 2007 and 2017 to identify major political and social trends affecting global security for the period 2030–2045.
referenceSpain has published 'La Fuerza Conjunta ante los retos del futuro. Preparándonos para las operaciones hasta el 2030' (Future Challenges Faced by the Joint Force. Preparing operations towards 2030).
A critical review on techno-economic analysis of hybrid renewable ... link.springer.com Dec 6, 2023 2 facts
referenceThe University of Zaragoza in Spain created the Compound Development of Genetic Algorithm (HOGA), a tool that utilizes genetic algorithms to enhance system output.
measurementThe SimREN program has been used to simulate the autonomous region of Catalonia, Spain, and the DEECO development model has been used in a case study of the German city of Würzburg.
Impact of sleep duration on executive function and brain structure nature.com Mar 3, 2022 2 facts
Child Rearing | Parenting Around the World | TUW tuw.edu Jul 19, 2016 2 facts
claimMothers in the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, and Korea emphasize different child-rearing practices than American mothers, specifically focusing on self-regulation through a restful and regulated environment, attention to the baby’s physical and emotional needs, emotional closeness, and protecting and educating the child.
claimIn Spain and Argentina, children stay up until 10 p.m. because those societies place a strong emphasis on the domestic unit and believe earlier bedtimes would prevent children from fully participating in family life.
A comprehensive overview on demand side energy management ... link.springer.com Mar 13, 2023 2 facts
Designing Carbon Pricing Policies Across the Globe link.springer.com 2 facts
The technical, geographical, and economic feasibility for solar ... ideas.repec.org 2 facts
referenceHelena Martín, Jordi de la Hoz, Guillermo Velasco, Miguel Castilla, and José Luís García de Vicuña published the paper 'Promotion of concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) in Spain: Performance analysis of the period 1998–2013' in the journal Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews in 2015.
referenceAina Maimó-Far, Alexis Tantet, Víctor Homar, and Philippe Drobinski analyzed the impacts of predictable and unpredictable climate variability on optimal renewable energy mixes, using Spain as a case study, in a 2020 publication.
Practitioners' perceived risks to biodiversity from renewable energy ... nature.com Feb 27, 2025 1 fact
measurementThe current fossil-fuel dominated energy system occupies approximately 520,000 km2 of ice-free land, which is 0.4% of total ice-free land and an area larger than Spain.
Dietary Guidelines and Quality - Principles of Nutritional Assessment nutritionalassessment.org 1 fact
referenceMany countries have developed indices measuring adherence to national dietary guidelines based on the Healthy Eating Index concept, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, The Netherlands, Russia, Spain, and Thailand.
The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment ... nationalacademies.org 1 fact
accountFollowing the Fukushima accident, several countries, including Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and Spain, decided to phase out their nuclear programs.
We Bombed the Wrong Target Iran's Proxy Network Strategy irregularwarfare.org Mar 10, 2026 1 fact
claimSpain, Chile, Russia, China, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Egypt have voiced concern or condemnation regarding U.S. unilateral coercive action against Iran's proxy network.
The Tariff Tug-of-War: A Look at Protectionism and Free Trade Over ... wita.org Apr 29, 2025 1 fact
accountDuring the 15th and 16th centuries, European colonial empires including Spain, Portugal, England, and France implemented tariffs on imported goods from rival empires to protect colonial interests and maximize profits.
Private Wealth Migration 2025 | Press Release - Henley & Partners henleyglobal.com Jun 24, 2025 1 fact
measurementFrance, Spain, and Germany are expected to see net high-net-worth individual losses in 2025, with projected net outflows of 800, 500, and 400 millionaires, respectively.
A Consensus Proposal for Nutritional Indicators to Assess ... - Frontiers frontiersin.org 1 fact
referenceA 2012 study published in the Journal of Nutrition reported that adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern has declined in Spanish adults.
The traditional use of wild edible plants in pastoral and agro ... link.springer.com Feb 23, 2023 1 fact
referencePardo-de-Santayana, Tardío, and Morales studied the gathering and consumption of wild edible plants in the Campoo region of Cantabria, Spain, in a 2005 article published in the International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition.
Clean Energy Solutions Must Include Nuclear | ClearPath clearpath.org 1 fact
referenceThe MIT report 'The Future of Nuclear Energy in a Carbon Constrained World' (2018) assumes a 90% capacity factor for dispatchable energy sources (nuclear, natural gas, coal) and specific capacity factors for wind and solar based on the best 10-year historical record (Germany: 19% wind/9% solar; Spain: 25% wind/33% solar).
How the “Scientific Consensus” on Global Warming Affects ... heritage.org Oct 26, 2010 1 fact
claimThe Spanish solar market crashed after the Spanish government reduced subsidies for solar companies following the global recession.
Actar Publishers actar.com 1 fact
claimThe architecture firm aldayjover architecture and landscape, led by Iñaki Alday and Margarita Jover, has played a pioneering role in the paradigmatic shift of vision in the architectural culture of Spain over the last 20 years.
The Persian Gulf TV War by Douglas Kellner (http://www.gseis.ucla ... pages.gseis.ucla.edu 1 fact
claimThe term 'yellow journalism' refers to sensation-mongering journalism that began in the late 19th century with Joseph Pulitzer's World and William Randolph Hearst's San Francisco Examiner and New York Journal, which campaigned for war against Spain in Cuba by trumping up false threats.
Cross-cultural similarities and variations in parent-child value ... nature.com Nov 26, 2025 1 fact
referenceSümer, Pauknerová, Vancea, and Manuoğlu (2019) studied the intergenerational transmission of work values in the Czech Republic, Spain, and Turkey, specifically examining parent-child similarity and the moderating role of parenting behaviors.
Extent and Health Consequences of Chronic Sleep Loss and ... - NCBI ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1 fact
referenceVioque J, Torres A, and Quiles J studied the relationship between time spent watching television, sleep duration, and obesity in adults living in Valencia, Spain, as published in the International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders in 2000.
Influence of behavioral biases on investment decisions. The ... revistas.usc.gal 1 fact
measurementA study of 109 individual investors in Galicia, Spain, confirmed the presence of five specific cognitive biases: Overconfidence, Herd Behavior, Player Fallacy, Hot Hand Fallacy, and Domestic Bias.
Psychedelics, Sociality, and Human Evolution frontiersin.org 1 fact
claimPossible evidence of psilocybin-containing mushroom use among early Neolithic farming and herding communities exists in rock carvings and paintings found in Africa and Spain.
A Critical View on Renewable Energy Sources -Part II: Hydro and ... academia.edu 1 fact
referenceMontoya et al. (2014) reviewed renewable energy production in Spain, published in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.
Wild edible plants for food security, dietary diversity, and nutraceuticals frontiersin.org Nov 27, 2025 1 fact
measurementIndia leads global research on wild edible plants with 440 studies, followed by China, the USA, Turkey, and Spain, based on a Web of Science analysis.
Sustainable Energy Transition for Renewable and Low Carbon Grid ... frontiersin.org Mar 23, 2022 1 fact
referenceThe article 'Overcapacity as a Barrier to Renewable Energy Deployment: The Spanish Case' published in J. Energ. in 2016 identifies overcapacity as a barrier to the deployment of renewable energy in Spain.
A critical review of industrial fiber hemp anatomy, agronomic ... bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu 1 fact
referenceGorchs and Lloveras (2003) reviewed the status of hemp production and transformation in Spain in the Journal of Industrial Hemp.
Paleolithic diet: Should we eat like our primitive ancestors - YouTube youtube.com Apr 2, 2024 1 fact
claimScientists in Spain discovered a 50,000-year-old human specimen.
To Follow the Real Early Human Diet, Eat Everything scientificamerican.com Jun 25, 2024 1 fact
accountA study co-led by Laura Weyrich of Pennsylvania State University found traces of pine nuts, moss, and mushrooms, and no meat, in the DNA preserved in the tartar of Neandertals found in El Sidrón cave in Spain.
the consumption of psychoactive plants in ancient global and ... academia.edu 1 fact
referenceAkers BP, Ruiz JF, Piper A, and Ruck CAP published 'A Prehistoric Mural in Spain Depicting Neurotropic Psilocybe Mushrooms?' in Economic Botany in 2011.
Publications - Parenting Across Cultures parentingacrosscultures.org Apr 25, 2025 1 fact
referenceDi Giunta, L., Pastorelli, C., Thatori, E., Lunetti, C., Miranda, M.C., Bacchini, D., D’Amico, F., Sorbara, F., Fiandra, F., and Lansford, J.E. authored the 2016 study 'The Influence of Adolescents’ Abilities to Regulate Emotions and Their Beliefs About Being Able to Regulate Emotions on School Performance', presented at the EDULEARN 2016 Conference in Barcelona, Spain.
Lunar effect - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 1 fact
claimA research team in Barcelona, Spain, reported a weak correlation between lunar phases and hospital admissions for gastrointestinal bleeding when comparing full moon days to all other days combined.
Iran at a Historical Crossroads - E-International Relations e-ir.info Mar 25, 2025 1 fact
claimA compromise position emerging in some Iranian opposition dialogues is to establish a decentralized unitary state, similar to Spain, which would feature robust local governance and cultural rights without drawing internal borders on ethnic lines.
United States Foreign Intelligence Relationships everycrsreport.com May 15, 2019 1 fact
claimHost-country partners provide political clearance enabling the United States to establish intelligence facilities and may provide infrastructure support, a practice observed in close U.S. allies including Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and South Korea.
The Russia-Ukraine war and its effects on regional geopolitics clingendael.org 1 fact
measurementAs of 2025, Hungary and Slovakia continue to import Russian gas via pipelines, while Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France are the largest importers of Russian liquefied natural gas (LNG).
Iran War: Potential Impact on Global Equities - Charles Schwab schwab.com 1 fact
referenceThe MSCI EMU Index includes equities from Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain.
Types of Parenting Styles and Effects on Children - StatPearls - NCBI ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Sep 18, 2022 1 fact
referenceMartínez I and García JF published 'Impact of parenting styles on adolescents' self-esteem and internalization of values in Spain' in the Span J Psychol in November 2007.
The potential land requirements and related land use change ... nature.com Feb 3, 2021 1 fact
referencePrados (2010) examined renewable energy policy and landscape management in Andalusia, Spain.
Does the combination of sustainable business model patterns lead ... link.springer.com Feb 20, 2023 1 fact
accountCoca-Cola experienced difficulties selling its value proposition in Spain because it marketed beverages in two-liter bottles, similar to its US strategy, while Spanish households typically used small refrigerators.