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Fruits and processed meat are both key components of dietary quality assessments, where fruits are categorized as health-promoting foods to be increased and processed meat as a detrimental food to be limited [1], [2], [3]. Their combined intake levels are frequently used as metrics to define suboptimal or healthy diets and to measure the global burden of diet-related disease [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9].
Facts (13)
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Health and environmental impacts of diets worldwide globalnutritionreport.org 8 facts
perspectiveTo improve population health, policy measures should support increased intake of health-promoting foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts/seeds, while reducing the intake of unhealthy foods such as red meat, processed meat, and sugary beverages.
claimDiets globally continue to lack sufficient amounts of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and whole grains, while including excessive and sometimes rising amounts of red meat, processed meat, and sugary drinks.
measurementRisks related to dietary composition in the 2021 Global Nutrition Report analysis included low intake of fruits (2.8 million deaths), whole grains (2.3 million), vegetables (1.7 million), legumes (1.5 million), nuts and seeds (1.0 million), and high intake of red meat (980,000), processed meat (880,000), and sugar-sweetened beverages (290,000).
claimA healthy diet consists of plenty of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and oils high in unsaturated fats, while containing little to no red and processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, refined grains, and oils high in saturated fats.
claimImbalanced diets low in fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, and whole grains, and high in red and processed meat are responsible for one of the greatest health burdens globally and in most regions.
referenceThe EAT-Lancet Commission on Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems established specific dietary recommendations for minimum intake of health-promoting foods (fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, whole grains) and maximum intake of foods with detrimental health or environmental impacts (red meat, processed meat, dairy, fish).
measurementA quarter of all deaths among adults globally are attributable to poor diets, defined as diets low in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and whole grains, and high in red meat, processed meat, and sugary drinks.
referenceThe Global Nutrition Report 2021 analysis includes diet-disease associations for low intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts/seeds, and whole grains, as well as for high intake of red meat, processed meat, and sugary drinks.
What causes chronic inflammation, and why it matters health.osu.edu 2 facts
claimTo reduce inflammation, it is recommended to prioritize lean meats like chicken or fish over processed meats, fruits over sugary foods like cookies and candy, and whole grains over refined carbohydrates like white bread or potato chips.
claimPrioritizing lean meats (such as chicken or fish), fruits, and whole grains over processed meats, sugary foods (such as cookies and candy), and refined carbohydrates (such as white bread or potato chips) is an effective dietary strategy for managing inflammation.
Global dietary quality in 185 countries from 1990 to 2018 show wide ... nature.com 1 fact
claimHigher education was generally linked to greater consumption of fruits, non-starchy vegetables, whole grains, and plant oils, but not always to lower consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and red/processed meat.
Dietary Guidelines and Quality - Principles of Nutritional Assessment nutritionalassessment.org 1 fact
referenceThe Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) scores dietary intake based on eleven components: fruits and vegetables (≥ 400g), beans and other legumes (> 0g), nuts and seeds (> 0g), whole grains (> 0g), dietary fiber (> 25g), total fat (< 30% total energy), saturated fat (< 10% total energy), dietary sodium (< 2g), free sugars (< 10% total energy), processed meat (0g), and unprocessed red meat (≤ 71g).
A Scoping Review of Indicators for Sustainable Healthy Diets frontiersin.org 1 fact
claimSuboptimal diets are characterized by low intake of fibers, fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, nuts, seeds, milk, seafood, calcium, and healthy fats (omega-3 fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids) and high intake of trans-fatty acids, sodium, red or processed meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages, according to Afshin et al. (2019).