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• Leafy vegetables including Amaranthus graecizans, Portulaca oleracea, and Solanum nigrum are good sources of protein and minerals, specifically calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn).
• Wild edible plants serve as sources of carbohydrates, proteins, and fibers, and are rich in vitamins and minerals including vitamin A, vitamin C, zinc, iron, calcium, iodine, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and folate.
• Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) usually occurs in combination with deficiencies in essential micronutrients, specifically vitamin A, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin E, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium.
• The nutritional potential of underutilized plant species was compared against commonly cultivated crops using calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and calorific value as proxies.
• Uddin et al. (2012) reported that mature leaves of Portulaca oleracea contain high amounts of calcium, iron, and zinc. Wenzel et al. (1990) further identified that Portulaca oleracea shoots are abundant in omega-3 fatty acid, α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, and glutathione, making the plant a source of minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants for functional foods and nutraceutical applications.
• Brassica plants grown under a red-to-blue light ratio of 4:1 show accumulation of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn).
• Mineral analysis of Bellevalia forniculata, Beta corolliflora, Caltha polypetala, and Primula auriculata showed high amounts of potassium (892.93–2,663.63 mg/100 g), phosphorus (239.57–636.77 mg/100 g), calcium (279.90–341.33 mg/100 g), magnesium (103.43–363.27 mg/100 g), iron (11.06–37.13 mg/100 g), manganese (1.56–5.39 mg/100 g), and zinc (2.28–3.36 mg/100 g).
• Plants serve as sources of essential minerals including calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc, which are crucial for maintaining human health.
• Onion plants grown under a blue-to-white light ratio of 1:3 show accumulation of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and boron (B).
• The HSDI and ELDS indices, which are based on binary scoring, correlated inversely with several nutrients including protein, DHA, EPA+DHA, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, iodine, phosphorus, zinc, calcium, and iron.
• Phosphorus in a plant digest is analyzed using the Canada-molybdate yellow color method, Potassium and Calcium are analyzed using a flame photometer, Sulfur is evaluated using a turbidimetric process, and Sodium, Zinc, Copper, Iron, and Manganese are determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
• Pregnant women require adequate amounts of macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) and micronutrients (iron, zinc, and various vitamins) for fetal growth, brain development, and skeletal development.
• The StatPearls article 'Wound Healing Phases' cites research covering diverse topics including tissue concentrations of minerals (zinc, iron, copper, magnesium), morphoelastic models for dermal closure, urological wound healing, chronic wound treatment patents, wound irrigation methods (tap water vs. sterile saline), the role of Vitamin C, sonic hedgehog gene therapy, and low-level laser therapy for burn and gingivectomy wounds.
• Amaranthus viridis and Hibiscus sabdariffa are important providers of protein, fatty acids, iron, magnesium, calcium, and zinc.
• Micronutrient supplementation, specifically iron, iodine, and zinc, significantly enhances cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and problem-solving in children.
• In obese children and adolescents, impairments in cell-mediated immunity have been associated with deficiencies in zinc and iron.
• Anaemia in pregnancy is linked to poor dietary intake, specifically micronutrient deficiencies including iron, folate, vitamin B12, and zinc.
• Dr. O'Connor advises that fatigue during the menstrual flow may be exacerbated by low levels of iron and zinc.
• Lettuce plants grown under red light show accumulation of potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn).
• Amaranthus graecizans, Portulaca oleracea, and Dioscorea cayenensis are identified as notable sources of calcium, iron, and zinc, while the fruit Rubus apetalus is a notable source of provitamin A.
• Dietary reliance on a limited variety of plant-based foods may lead to deficiencies in iron, zinc, vitamin A, B12, and omega-3 fatty acids, which are nutrients more readily available in animal-sourced foods.
• Mustard plants grown under a blue-to-red light ratio of 1:1 show accumulation of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and boron (B).
• Vernonia amygdalina seeds contain vitamin C, vitamins B1 and B2, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and manganese.
• Across ELD-I quintiles, protein, LA, vitamin B-12, carbohydrates, and sodium showed negative trends of small magnitude, while zinc showed a negative trend with a moderate effect size; iron and proteins showed no significant trends.
• Rybicka and Gliszczyńska-Świgło analyzed the content of calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in grain gluten-free products in a 2017 study.
• Portulaca oleracea is considered a weed in Ethiopia, but its leaves and stems contain high amounts of iron, zinc, and vitamin C, including twice the amount of iron found in maize.
• Mineral analysis of medicinal plants determines the presence of essential elements including sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn).
• Laboratory analysis of 12 underutilized edible plant species from southwestern Ethiopia showed that all species, excluding fruits, contain higher levels of calcium, iron, and zinc compared to regularly cultivated crops.