Knowledge Tree
Sudan
Facts (45)
Sources
Opportunities for Collective Regional Security in the Middle East carnegieendowment.org Mar 5, 2025 15 facts
claimEthiopia is the upstream nation with the greatest influence over the distribution of the Nile's waters among its basin countries, which include Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan, and Egypt.
claimSudan descended into chaos due to power struggles between rival factions.
claimRegional actors are currently involved in direct or proxy conflicts: Israel is in tension with Iran; Türkiye is intervening in Syria and Iraq; the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia are militarily involved in Yemen; and Egypt is involved in Libya, Sudan, and the Horn of Africa.
accountThe United Arab Emirates has ended its military involvement in Yemen and redirected its focus toward influencing civil conflicts in Sudan and Libya while maintaining close ties with Israel.
claimA Middle Eastern Organization for Security and Cooperation, modeled after the 1975 European precedent, could promote peace between Palestinians and Israelis and foster nonviolent coexistence in nations such as Syria, Yemen, Libya, and Sudan.
claimThe United Arab Emirates spearheaded the 2020 Abraham Accords, which led Bahrain, Morocco, and Sudan to normalize their diplomatic relations with Israel.
referenceIn 2015, Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan signed the 'Renaissance Dam Document,' a declaration of principles aimed at ensuring the equitable sharing of the Nile waters.
claimEgypt is actively working to stabilize Libya, Sudan, and the Horn of Africa to counter the expanding influence of Ethiopia in Somaliland.
claimThe Ethiopian government pursued a unilateral approach to the construction, operation, and filling of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, which Egypt and Sudan viewed as a disregard for their rights and concerns.
measurementThe civil war in Sudan has displaced nearly one-third of the country's population and created the world's largest hunger crisis.
accountThe Egyptian government initially adopted a neutral 'dialogue with all parties' approach to the Sudanese conflict to safeguard national security and protect water rights through relations with South Sudan and Nile Basin countries.
accountIn 2023, Sudan entered a violent conflict between the Sudanese army and the Rapid Support Forces following failed attempts to establish legitimate governance after the fall of Omar al-Bashir in 2019.
accountDue to the influx of refugees and the humanitarian crisis in Sudan, the Egyptian government shifted to actively supporting the Sudanese army against the Rapid Support Forces and providing aid to official Sudanese institutions.
claimThe United Arab Emirates focused its foreign policy on areas such as Sudan following the outbreak of the Sudanese civil war in 2023.
claimEgyptian diplomacy advocated for the integration or dissolution of militias, disarmament, and compensation for militia members to restore stability and preserve territorial integrity in Sudan.
Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Shabelle Zone, Eastern ... link.springer.com Feb 5, 2026 9 facts
claimSeasonal patterns of wild edible plant availability in the Shabelle Zone of Ethiopia mirror findings from other semi-arid regions, including the Somali, Afar, and Hararghe regions of Ethiopia, as well as Kenya, Sudan, Niger, Rajasthan, and the Tibetan Plateau.
claimSimilar patterns of selective reliance on wild edible plants have been reported in arid regions of Kenya and Sudan, emphasizing how ecological constraints shape ethnobotanical knowledge across the Horn of Africa.
claimPastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Sudan, and the Sahel rely on wild fruits, roots, and leafy greens to mitigate seasonal hunger and climate shocks.
claimOverharvesting of multipurpose wild edible plant species threatens natural regeneration and habitats, a challenge documented in Sudan, Kenya, and semi-arid India.
claimThe dominance of shrubs and trees in the Shabelle Zone aligns with findings from other Ethiopian dryland regions (Somali, Afar, and Eastern Hararghe) and arid zones in Sudan and Kenya, where woody species serve as the backbone of famine foods.
claimIn North Kordofan, Sudan, communities with extensive grazing lands and intact customary institutions retain richer ethnobotanical knowledge than ecologically or socially marginalized areas.
referenceA 2024 study by Hamad et al. documented the traditional use of wild edible plants in the Babanosa and Lagawa districts of West Kordofan State, Sudan.
claimIn Kenya, Sudan, and India, wild edible plants with limited availability or high preparation demands are utilized less frequently despite their nutritional value.
claimLeafy vegetables such as A. dubius, C. olitorius, and M. stenopetala are preferred for taste and culinary versatility, contributing to dietary diversity and micronutrient intake in Kenya, Sudan, and parts of India.
Realist Review on Just Transition Towards Low Emission, Climate ... link.springer.com Jan 5, 2026 6 facts
procedureThe Sudan solar PV-powered pump project design included concessional government finance to meet upfront capital costs and workshops to address pump performance issues.
accountThe African Development Bank implemented a project in Sudan providing solar PV-powered pumps for water supply, which aims to improve water supply while fostering economic and social development.
measurementThe African Development Bank's solar PV-powered pump project in Sudan set a goal for 50% of installed pumps to directly benefit women and for 50% of project beneficiaries to be farms headed or predominantly staffed by women.
accountThe Sudan solar PV-powered pump project, initiated in 2019, was suspended in 2021 due to growing unrest in the country.
claimThe solar PV-powered pump project in Sudan aims for 50% of installed pumps to directly benefit women and for 50% of project beneficiaries to be farms headed or predominantly staffed by women.
referenceThe African Development Bank published a project completion report for the Sudan-Solar (PV) Powered Pumping System under the Desert-to-Power Initiative in June 2023.
After the War: Rethinking Regional Security in the Middle ... arab-reform.net Mar 13, 2026 4 facts
perspectiveA proposed regional pact should combine hard and soft components, including an Arab-Turkish air and missile defense dialogue, joint maritime monitoring in the Gulf and Red Sea, coordinated red lines against attacks on civilians, joint initiatives for the displaced, a regional fund for environmental adaptation, support for the rebuilding of Syria, Lebanon, and Gaza, and a push to end wars in Yemen, Libya, and Sudan.
claimYemen, Libya, and Sudan suffer from regional competition and fragmentation resulting from the rivalry between Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Egypt against Türkiye and Qatar.
procedureThe author proposes a three-phase process for regional security in the Middle East: first, a functional regional security forum on air defense, maritime security, and infrastructure protection; second, coordination on conflict files including Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Sudan, Yemen, and Libya; and third, institutionalizing an economic pillar for reconstruction and trade.
accountThe Middle East has incurred significant human, economic, and environmental costs over the last two decades, including the U.S. invasion of Iraq, the war in Syria, state collapse in Libya, Yemen, and Sudan, the genocide in Gaza, wars in Lebanon, mass displacement, and insecurity in the Gulf and Red Sea.
History of the Central Intelligence Agency - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 3 facts
quoteThe decision to target the al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory in Sudan continued a tradition of the Central Intelligence Agency operating on inadequate intelligence regarding the country.
accountIn 1990, Osama bin Laden returned to Saudi Arabia and protested the presence of troops and Operation Desert Storm. In 1991, he was expelled from the country and fled to Sudan. In 1996, the Central Intelligence Agency created a team to hunt Osama bin Laden.
accountThe Central Intelligence Agency closed its Sudan station in 1998 after relying on information from a source that was later determined to be a fabricator.
Escalation in the Middle East and Beyond unocha.org 7 days ago 2 facts
claimThere is acute concern regarding the humanitarian situations in Sudan and Somalia due to the potential for increased global hunger caused by Middle East conflict.
measurementIf the conflict in the Middle East continues through June, an additional 45 million people globally could be pushed into acute hunger, raising the total number of people facing acute hunger from a projected 318 million, with particularly acute concerns for Sudan and Somalia.
The Geopolitics of the Russian-Ukrainian War: Implications for Africa ... eu-opensci.org Aug 3, 2024 2 facts
measurementEgypt, Sudan, Nigeria, Tanzania, Algeria, Kenya, and South Africa imported agricultural goods from Russia worth $4 billion in 2020.
claimSeventeen African nations, including Eritrea, Algeria, Angola, Burundi, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, voted against or abstained from the February 27, 2022, United Nations General Assembly resolution, and these nations are characterized as authoritarian or hybrid regimes.
The International Implications of the Russo-Ukrainian War link.springer.com 1 fact
claimThe Wagner Group has conducted military and security operations in Libya, Sudan, and the Central African Republic, with activities focused on securing natural resources and countering Western influence.
U.S.-China Relations cfr.org 1 fact
perspectiveIn a September 2005 speech, Deputy Secretary of State Robert B. Zoellick initiated a strategic dialogue with China, calling on Beijing to act as a 'responsible stakeholder' by using its influence to draw nations such as Sudan, North Korea, and Iran into the international system.
UN: Amid Security Risks in Middle East, Humanitarian ... globalissues.org Mar 6, 2026 1 fact
claimFletcher expressed concern that the focus of humanitarian resources and global attention on the Middle East conflict will divert support away from other humanitarian crises in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, South Sudan, and Ukraine.
Medicinal plants: bioactive compounds, biological activities ... frontiersin.org 1 fact
claimAloe Barbadensis Millar (Aloe vera) extract demonstrated in vitro antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Khartoum State, Sudan.