Knowledge Tree
South America
Facts (27)
Sources
Comparable Ages for the Independent Origins of Electrogenesis in ... journals.plos.org 9 facts
referenceGosline (1975) reexamined the similarities between the freshwater fishes of Africa and South America.
measurementThe complete separation of Africa and South America is dated to the period from approximately 110 to 100 Mya.
claimThe origin and diversification of crown group Gymnotiformes and Mormyroidea began at the dawn of the independent histories of South America and Africa in the early Late Cretaceous.
claimFreshwater drainages on Africa and South America appear to have been separated by a permanent seaway by around 110 Mya, which aligns with the distribution of freshwater and marine fossils found from that time.
measurementReconstruction #2 for the origin of the Gymnotiformes and the Mormyroidea crown groups infers their ages to be 143.5 Mya and 124.8 Mya, respectively, which corresponds to the period before the complete separation of Africa and South America.
measurementTectonic map reconstructions indicate that the separation of Africa and South America began approximately 130 million years ago.
claimMormyroidea are African weakly electric fishes, and Gymnotiformes are South American weakly electric fishes.
claimThe independent origins of the Mormyroidea and Gymnotiformes occurred at similar times, either slightly postdating or just predating the final separation of Africa and South America by continental drift.
referenceK.O. Winemiller and A. Adite documented the convergent evolution of weakly electric fishes from floodplain habitats in Africa and South America in 1997.
Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Shabelle Zone, Eastern ... link.springer.com Feb 5, 2026 4 facts
claimAcross Africa, Asia, and South America, elders guide the identification, collection, and preparation of plants.
claimIn West Africa, South Asia, and South America, low-preference wild edible plants are often reserved for emergency food situations or require specialized knowledge for safe consumption.
claimIn Uganda, Kenya, rural India, and South America, elders and less formally educated individuals retain more extensive ethnobotanical knowledge than younger or formally schooled individuals.
claimWild edible plant species with moderate Direct Matrix Ranking (DMR) scores may be overlooked in management strategies, a trend noted in West Africa and South America.
Psychedelics, Sociality, and Human Evolution frontiersin.org 2 facts
referenceMiller et al. (2019) provided chemical evidence for the use of multiple psychotropic plants in a 1,000-year-old ritual bundle found in South America.
referenceL. Rivier and J. E. Lindgren conducted an ethnobotanical and chemical investigation of Ayahuasca, a South American hallucinogenic drink, in 1972.
Native American foods: History, culture, and influence on modern diets kci.go.kr 1 fact
accountPeople from northeast Asia migrated to North America, South America, and the Caribbean islands by crossing the Bering Land Bridge approximately 12,000–15,000 years ago, initially entering through Alaska.
Effects of psychedelics on neurogenesis and broader neuroplasticity link.springer.com Dec 19, 2024 1 fact
accountSyncretic groups in South America and globally administer psychoactive compounds in traditional contexts that integrate Amerindian rituals, Christianity, and (pseudo)scientific principles, as noted by Labate and Cavnar (2014) and Svobodny (2014).
Medical Hallucination in Foundation Models and Their Impact on ... medrxiv.org Nov 2, 2025 1 fact
measurementIn a study of 70 respondents regarding AI/LLM tool usage in healthcare and research, the geographic representation was: Asia (n=27), North America (n=22), South America (n=9), Europe (n=8), and Africa (n=4).
Medical Hallucination in Foundation Models and Their ... medrxiv.org Mar 3, 2025 1 fact
measurementThe geographic distribution of survey participants included 27 from Asia, 22 from North America, 9 from South America, 8 from Europe, and 4 from Africa.
Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span nature.com Dec 5, 2019 1 fact
referenceKaplan et al. (2017) conducted a cross-sectional cohort study on coronary atherosclerosis in the indigenous Tsimane population of South America.
Medicinal plants meet modern biodiversity science - OUCI ouci.dntb.gov.ua 1 fact
referenceVanPool (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2019) examines ancient medicinal plants of South America.
The Evolution of the U.S. Intelligence Community-An Historical ... govinfo.gov 1 fact
accountFBI Director J. Edgar Hoover secured a commitment from President Franklin D. Roosevelt that the FBI's primacy in South America would remain unchanged, due to Hoover's fear of losing authority to the new Coordinator of Information.
The Evolution of Human Nutrition carta.anthropogeny.org Dec 7, 2012 1 fact
claimBeginning approximately 10,000 to 12,000 years ago, fully modern Homo sapiens began transitioning from foraging to farming, a shift that occurred in at least ten independent centers across Asia, South America, North America, and Africa.
Nutritional Evolution – Human Origin and Evolution ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in 1 fact
claimThe origin and spread of agriculture and animal husbandry occurred over the past 12,000 years, with centers of domestication located in Asia, Europe, South America, and Africa.
Ethnobotanical Study of Wild Edible Plants and Their Indigenous ... scirp.org 1 fact
claimIndigenous people in the rain forests of Africa and South America utilize wild edible plants as a food source, consuming them as snacks and during times of food scarcity as an integral part of their culture.
Indigenous Foods: A Heritage of Nutrition and Sustainability interesjournals.org Nov 30, 2024 1 fact
claimChia seeds, used by indigenous peoples in Central and South America, are packed with omega-3 fatty acids and fiber, which are beneficial for heart health and digestion.
Ancient Roots of Today's Emerging Renaissance in ... link.springer.com 1 fact
referenceMelanie Miller, Juan Albarracin-Jordan, Christine Moore, and Jose Capriles published a 2019 study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences titled 'Chemical evidence for the use of multiple psychotropic plants in a 1,000-year-old ritual bundle from South America' which provides chemical evidence of multi-plant psychotropic use in ancient South American rituals.