nutritional deficiency

diabetes

Diabetes and nutritional deficiency are linked as metabolic health outcomes associated with dietary patterns and regional health burdens, as evidenced by their co-occurrence in populations facing rapid urbanization and dietary shifts [1], [2], and [3]. — 3 supporting facts

hypertension

Hypertension and nutritional deficiency are linked as co-occurring metabolic health challenges in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa [1] and are both influenced by dietary patterns and urbanization [2]. Furthermore, they are categorized together as significant health outcomes related to nutritional status, with over-nutrition contributing to hypertension and under-nutrition defining nutritional deficiency [3]. — 3 supporting facts

medicinal plants

Medicinal plants are related to nutritional deficiency because they contain phyto-constituents and minerals that can be used as dietary supplements to address such deficiencies, as described in [1]. — 1 supporting fact

wild edible plants

Wild edible plants are related to nutritional deficiency because they are used as dietary supplements to compensate for such deficiencies in local diets, as described in [1]. — 1 supporting fact

sustainable healthy diets

The relationship is established by [1], which highlights a critical research gap regarding how sustainable healthy diets address or fail to prevent nutritional deficiency. — 1 supporting fact

obesity

Both obesity and nutritional deficiency are categorized as forms of malnutrition resulting from imbalanced dietary intake, as described in [1]. — 1 supporting fact

South Asia

Justification not yet generated — showing supporting facts

• In low-SDI (Sociodemographic Index) regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, political instability and violence cause food supply disruptions, infrastructure loss, and a lack of health resources, which compound the burden of nutritional deficiencies.
• Between 1990 and 2021, South Asia had the lowest age-standardized disability-adjusted life expectancy (DALY) incidence of nutritional deficiencies, with an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of -6.17 (95% UI: -7.52–4.8).
• The combination of high-salt, high-fat diets and rapid urbanization in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa has resulted in an increase in metabolic disorders such as hypertension and diabetes.
• South Asia has the greatest frequency of nutritional deficiencies in the world.
• The Age-Standardized Prevalence Rate (ASPR) for nutritional deficiencies is highest in central sub-Saharan Africa at 44,824.1 per 100,000 people, followed by South Asia at 40,854.69 per 100,000 people, and sub-Saharan Africa at 39,924.67 per 100,000 people.
• South and East Asia are leading in the absolute change of nutritional deficiency metrics, indicating dramatic improvement in these contiguous regions.
• The high age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of nutritional deficiencies in South Asia is attributed to food choices, excessive salt consumption, and fast urbanization.
• Nutritional deficiencies may be more prevalent in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa due to poor eating habits (such as excessive salt and processed foods), fast urbanization, hereditary factors, and insufficient health-care resources.

India

India is linked to nutritional deficiency through documented trends in mortality and incidence rates [1], [2], as well as specific studies on prevalence and health outcomes within the country [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]. — 7 supporting facts

sub-Saharan Africa

Justification not yet generated — showing supporting facts

• The central area of Sub-Saharan Africa bears the greatest burden of worldwide nutritional deficiencies (NDs) prevalence, potentially due to genetic predisposition, higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, inadequate access to health care, and lack of understanding of stroke risk factors.
• Between 1990 and 2021, the greatest substantial decline in the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of nutritional deficiencies occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, with an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of -2.81 (-3.01 to 2.62).
• In low-SDI (Sociodemographic Index) regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, political instability and violence cause food supply disruptions, infrastructure loss, and a lack of health resources, which compound the burden of nutritional deficiencies.
• The combination of high-salt, high-fat diets and rapid urbanization in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa has resulted in an increase in metabolic disorders such as hypertension and diabetes.
• The Age-Standardized Prevalence Rate (ASPR) for nutritional deficiencies is highest in central sub-Saharan Africa at 44,824.1 per 100,000 people, followed by South Asia at 40,854.69 per 100,000 people, and sub-Saharan Africa at 39,924.67 per 100,000 people.
• Sub-Saharan Africa has the greatest age-standardized disability-adjusted life expectancy (DALY) for nutritional deficiencies, with 4,027.09 per 100,000 people (95% UI: 3,326.07–5,033.9).
• Nutritional deficiencies may be more prevalent in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa due to poor eating habits (such as excessive salt and processed foods), fast urbanization, hereditary factors, and insufficient health-care resources.

China

China is related to nutritional deficiency through documented trends in mortality and incidence rates, which have significantly declined due to improved dietary patterns and treatments as noted in [1], [2], and [3]. Additionally, China is identified as a country with a high total burden of these conditions due to its large population size, as evidenced by [4] and [5]. — 5 supporting facts

U.S.

The U.S. is linked to nutritional deficiency because it is one of the countries where mortality rates for this condition have increased between 1990 and 2021 [1], a trend driven by factors such as poverty and unequal healthcare access [2]. — 2 supporting facts