concept

functional near-infrared spectroscopy

Also known as: fNIRS

Facts (13)

Sources

Neuro-insights: a systematic review of neuromarketing perspectives ... frontiersin.org Frontiers 12 facts

measurementNear-infrared (NIR) light used in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) ranges in wavelength from 650 to 950 nanometers and is primarily absorbed by oxy-hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin rather than other biological tissues.

referenceHe et al. (2021) utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to study advertisement effectiveness regarding emotional resonance.

referenceM. P. Cakir, T. Çakar, Y. Girisken, and D. Yurdakul (2018) investigated the neural correlates of purchase behavior using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

claimFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measures haemodynamic variations by detecting changes in the concentrations of oxy-hemoglobin, deoxy-hemoglobin, and total hemoglobin in specific functional cortices.

referenceExisting functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies have identified activation patterns in the prefrontal cortex during product selection (Kumagai, 2012), risk assessment and financial investment (Shimokawa et al., 2009), and price evaluation and prediction tasks (Mitsuda et al., 2012; Cakir et al., 2018).

referenceShimokawa, Suzuki, Misawa, and Miyagawa (2009) published 'Predictability of investment behavior from brain information measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy: a Bayesian neural network model' in Neuroscience, which details a model for predicting investment behavior using brain imaging data.

claimMarketing and consumer research increasingly utilize neurometric techniques, including fMRI, EEG, MEG, SST, TMS, fNIRS, and PET, to understand consumer decision-making processes.

referenceRecent neuromarketing research includes studies by Tan and Lee (2024) using fMRI and questionnaires; Ülker et al. (2025) using GSR, PPG, and questionnaires; Xu and Liu (2024) using EEG; Zhang et al. (2024) using fMRI and questionnaires to study consumer wellbeing; Adalarasu et al. (2025) using EEG and questionnaires to study emotional intelligence; Khubchandani and Raman (2025) using eye-tracking (ET) and questionnaires to study SOR Theory; Lopez-Navarro et al. (2025) using EEG, EDA, and questionnaires to study perception; Marques et al. (2025) using EDA and FEA to study the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM); Šola et al. (2025) using eye-tracking (ET) to study the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM); and Yu et al. (2025) using fNIRS to study anthropomorphism and pro-social behavior.

referenceYu et al. (2025) utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to study fund-raising and donation behavior.

referenceCha et al. (2020) utilized fNIRS to study the Fast-diffusion model, Sensory load theory, and Perceptual load theory across pre-purchase, purchase, and post-purchase stages, with a focus on affective responses.

referenceCha et al. (2020) utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to study customer sensory experience.

claimFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is suitable for studying subjects in daily-life contexts, and multiple fNIRS devices can be linked, shared, and synchronized.

Classification Schemes of Altered States of Consciousness - ORBi orbi.uliege.be ORBi 1 fact

referenceYamaya, N., Tsuchiya, K., Takizawa, I., Shimoda, K., Kitazawa, K., and Tozato, F. published 'Effect of one-session focused attention meditation on the working memory capacity of meditation novices: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study' in Brain Behav., 11(8), 2021, e2288, doi: 10.1002/brb3.2288.