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• The original Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial compared a typical U.S. dietary pattern to a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products, emphasizing fish and chicken over red meat, and low in saturated fats, cholesterol, sugars, and refined carbohydrates.
• Experts recommend changing eating patterns by making gradual shifts, such as increasing whole grains to add fiber, reducing processed food, and substituting red meat with fish, chicken, or plant proteins like beans.
• Respondents in Kenitra reported the most frequent intake of animal proteins, including fish, milk, dairy products, eggs, white meats, and red meats, as well as sugary drinks, fast foods, and salty snacks.
• The planetary health diet prioritizes the consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, nuts, and fish, while limiting the intake of red meat and tubers, and promoting moderate consumption of eggs, poultry, and dairy products.
• The EAT-Lancet Commission on Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems established specific dietary recommendations for minimum intake of health-promoting foods (fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, whole grains) and maximum intake of foods with detrimental health or environmental impacts (red meat, processed meat, dairy, fish).
• Plant-based diets are characterized by a high intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, and nuts, while minimizing or excluding animal products like red meat, fish, and dairy. This dietary pattern is high in fiber and nutrients and may support heart health, blood sugar management, and overall well-being.
• The Western pattern diet is rich in red meat, dairy products, processed and artificially sweetened foods, and salt, with minimal intake of fruits, vegetables, fish, legumes, and whole grains.
• Respondents in North Hessia reported the least frequent intake of meats, including fish, white meats, red meats, and processed meats, compared to the other four CSTs.