Knowledge Tree
IEA
Also known as: International Energy Agency
synthesized from dimensionsThe International Energy Agency (IEA) is a preeminent international organization that serves as a primary authority on global energy analysis, data, forecasts, and policy. Established in 1973 [14fd8683-f426-4b3d-bfcd-bf20effa9070], the agency was originally conceived to address conflicts between oil producers and consumers that threatened geopolitical stability. Over the decades, its mandate has evolved significantly, expanding from a focus on oil security to encompass the complexities of the global energy transition, including renewables, nuclear power, hydrogen, energy efficiency, and the reduction of CO2 emissions.
At its core, the IEA defines energy security as the provision of an uninterrupted and affordable supply of energy [510a3bdb-7b9f-41d4-8464-624e5dbd51e7]. To uphold this, the agency maintains sophisticated frameworks for crisis coordination and data sharing [f00714bb-5700-44d2-932e-7be204599f35], including the management of strategic petroleum reserve releases [2374b964-68d3-42ce-8399-ed74aa4b23c5] and the development of security models for energy transitions [25623592-e71a-4400-bec0-33fe66f5de03]. By providing these analytical foundations, the IEA influences policy decisions across the UN, the G20 [bc2e89aa-9599-467e-842a-2823571af93a], and individual national governments.
The agency is widely recognized for its comprehensive reporting and predictive modeling. Key publications, such as the *World Energy Outlook* series [05ed235a-40ab-4062-b27d-3c3eb497668f, 1309c24b-3a5d-4af1-b83f-d1b1f4d0778f, f39e14ec-f06e-4c67-bf87-11a8f4c20d41], provide the industry standard for long-term energy projections. These reports cover a vast array of topics, from the digitalization of energy systems [18555a5a-825f-497c-91f5-d19c83115bdd] to specific country-level reviews [3580775c-2218-4bc5-b159-eb565640caec, 389974d3-2911-424b-b2e3-dd2f92776c1e, 5653a997-9016-4b32-81a1-a59a69387280, 7e8a10d9-e8bd-4d74-aa56-d8e88ba413c2, a7b1598e-8c2a-45cc-87e8-2561e40ef3c2]. Furthermore, the IEA maintains a centralized policies database [3c9bbdee-2e88-443f-b51b-24fb76618c69] that serves as a vital resource for researchers and policymakers tracking global energy trends.
In recent years, the IEA has become a central figure in the global discourse on climate change and decarbonization. Its *Net Zero Emissions by 2050* scenarios [32390e5b-6469-4332-b71e-68fa9a2d636c, b7423c6b-c682-4ee5-94a7-0875aee6a00a] set rigorous benchmarks for efficiency and technology adoption. The agency has issued specific, influential predictions, such as the growth of electric vehicle sales [03a2f97b-152a-47e3-8cce-d8344fe25c6a, 300b3894-caf1-4da8-819d-c4a3d57f8283] and the potential for hydrogen to supply 10-20% of global energy by 2050 [079f8783-116d-4f93-98d7-656466870326].
Under the leadership of Executive Director Fatih Birol [4b0a86f8-891b-4646-85bf-ff993c762ee2, 5c31628f-62f3-4e55-abbe-0f7df78d274e], the IEA has actively engaged in debates regarding the role of nuclear energy [f9497af9-e3af-4285-aad5-34eaff50e7ca] and the risks of fossil fuel stranding [b408e5b2-c61b-4f41-a902-1c0d6ba3a761]. By bridging the gap between technical data and political strategy, the IEA remains a critical institution for navigating the intersection of energy security, economic development, and environmental sustainability.
Model Perspectives (2)
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast definitive 98% confidence
The International Energy Agency (IEA), established in 1973 by Global Solutions Initiative to address oil producer-consumer conflicts impacting geopolitics, serves as a primary authority on global energy analysis, forecasts, and policy. It publishes comprehensive reports like World Energy Outlook 2021 (National Academies), World Energy Outlook 2019 (Frontiers), Digitalization & Energy 2017 (Global Solutions Initiative), and country reviews such as Turkey 2021 (Penn State), Spain 2021 (Penn State), France 2021 (Penn State), Denmark 2023 (Springer), and Sweden 2019 (Penn State). IEA issues key predictions including EVs at 15% global sales by 2024 and 30% by 2030 (OAE Publishing), hydrogen supplying 10-20% energy by 2050 (JPT), and Net Zero Emissions scenarios requiring doubled efficiency progress (OAE Publishing). It maintains a policies database (Nature), defines energy security as uninterrupted affordable supply (Global Solutions Initiative), and supports energy transition security frameworks akin to its oil security model (Brookings). Officials like Laura Cozzi (Columbia University) link weather to electricity demand surges, while Fatih Birol (Columbia University) pushes nuclear expansion. IEA connects to topics like renewables, efficiency, emissions, and net-zero goals, influencing entities including UN, Brookings, and national policies.
openrouter/x-ai/grok-4.1-fast definitive 100% confidence
The International Energy Agency (IEA) is a key international organization focused on energy data, analysis, forecasts, and policy, providing estimates on global energy consumption, renewables, fossils, nuclear, hydrogen, and CO2 emissions across various sources like OAE Publishing, CSIS, and Frontiers. It publishes extensive reports such as 'World Energy Outlook 2024' Springer; OAE Publishing, 'Net Zero Emissions by 2050' Earth.org, 'Global Energy Review 2025: Electricity' European Center for Populism Studies; Ibrahim Ozturk, and others on electricity prices, Strait of Hormuz oil security European Center for Populism Studies; Ibrahim Ozturk, and energy transitions in G20 countries Global Solutions Initiative. The IEA plays roles in energy security, including strategic petroleum reserve releases Charles Schwab, and is expanding to energy transitions while engaging non-members Brookings Institution. Led by executive director Fatih Birol CSIS, it offers frameworks for data sharing and crisis coordination Global Solutions Initiative, influencing topics like nuclear investments Columbia University Center on Global Energy Policy; Matt Bowen, Kat Guanio and fossil fuel stranding Frontiers. Sources including National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine cite its scenarios for electricity and nuclear projections.
Facts (102)
Sources
Advancing energy efficiency: innovative technologies and strategic ... oaepublish.com 10 facts
claimThe International Energy Agency predicts that electric vehicles will account for approximately 15% of all new car sales globally by 2024.
imageFigure 5 illustrates the share of renewable energy in global final energy consumption by sector, based on data modified from the International Energy Agency.
claimThe International Energy Agency predicts that electric vehicles could reach 30% of the global car market by 2030.
claimThe International Energy Agency (IEA) Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario requires the rate of progress in energy efficiency to double from its current level to meet its stated goals.
claimThe International Energy Agency (IEA) Efficient World Scenario projects that global energy efficiency could increase fourfold by 2040, driven by the availability of affordable technology in the market.
claimThe IEA Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario suggests that prioritizing energy efficiency regulations could triple the number of jobs created by 2030 through increased investments in building retrofits, energy-efficient appliances, and related projects.
claimAccording to the International Energy Agency (IEA) Sustainable Development Scenario, more than 40% of the necessary emissions reductions by 2040 can be achieved through energy efficiency.
measurementThe International Energy Agency (IEA) reports that over 30% of energy consumption in industrial sectors remains unrecorded due to inadequate data collection methods and inconsistent reporting guidelines.
measurementThe average yearly improvement in global energy intensity over the five years prior to 2021 was 1.3%, which is significantly lower than the 4% annual improvement goal set for the 2020-2030 period in the IEA Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario.
measurementThe International Energy Agency (IEA) analysis suggests that leveraging existing technology could improve the efficiency of 3,070 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity, which represented more than 12% of global electricity usage in 2018.
Sustainable Energy Transition for Renewable and Low Carbon Grid ... frontiersin.org Mar 23, 2022 10 facts
referenceThe International Energy Agency published the 'World Energy Outlook 2019' in Paris, France, in 2019.
referenceThe International Energy Agency published 'Key World Energy Statistics 2021' in Paris, France, in 2021.
referenceThe International Energy Agency published 'Energy Efficiency the First Fuel of a Sustainable Global Energy System' in Paris, France, in 2021.
measurementAtmospheric CO2 concentration is approximately 50% higher than it was at the beginning of the industrial revolution, according to the International Energy Agency.
measurementThe International Energy Agency expects energy efficiency to deliver more than 40% of the targeted reduction in energy-related greenhouse gas emissions between 2020 and 2040.
referenceThe International Energy Agency published 'CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion 2018' in Soregraph, France, in 2018.
referenceFatih Birol published 'Energy Is at the Heart of the Sustainable Development Agenda to 2030' in 2021 through the International Energy Agency.
measurementThe International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts that between 2015 and 2025, clean energy will attract $7 trillion to $10 trillion in investment, with $6 trillion allocated to renewable sources and $1 trillion to low-carbon nuclear power.
measurementGlobal energy-related CO2 emissions were 31.5 gigatons in 2020, according to the International Energy Agency.
referenceThe International Energy Agency published the 'Global Energy Review 2021' in Paris, France, in 2021.
Navigating market and political uncertainties in the age of energy ... brookings.edu Mar 11, 2025 9 facts
claimProactively managing emerging security risks from a successful energy transition, similar to the International Energy Agency's (IEA) oil security framework, can help accelerate the shift away from fossil fuels.
measurementThe assumed 4.1% annual decline in energy use per unit of global GDP in the IEA's Net Zero Scenario is twice the rate of decline observed in 2022 and nearly four times the average rate of the previous five years.
referenceMembers of the International Energy Agency (IEA) and other energy players have developed capabilities to address oil supply risks over the past 50 years, including strategic stockpiles and the IEA coordinated response program.
claimIn the International Energy Agency's (IEA) Stated Policy Scenario, global natural gas usage is projected to grow while oil and coal usage declines.
measurementIn the International Energy Agency's (IEA) Net Zero Scenario, energy use per unit of global GDP is assumed to decline by 4.1% annually between 2023 and 2030.
claimThe International Energy Agency (IEA) Net-Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE), Shell’s Sky 2050 Scenario, and BP’s Net Zero Scenario are examples of global net-zero scenarios created by research groups and energy companies to explore ways to achieve the climate goals specified in the Paris Agreement.
claimThe International Energy Agency (IEA) is expanding its mission to include the energy transition alongside its traditional focus on energy security, while also engaging with non-member countries that have significant energy needs.
claimIn the first edition of the Net Zero roadmap, the International Energy Agency (IEA) estimated that without the combination of electrification, technical efficiency improvements, and behavioral change, global energy consumption in 2050 would be 90% higher.
claimContinued investment in oil and natural gas is required even in net-zero transition scenarios, according to research by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and other organizations.
Refreshing global energy security policy and infrastructure for the ... global-solutions-initiative.org 8 facts
accountThe International Energy Agency (IEA) was established in 1973 to address conflicting priorities between oil producers and consumers, which impacted geopolitics and international policy.
referenceThe International Energy Agency (IEA) published 'Digitalization & Energy' in November 2017, which examines the intersection of digital technologies and energy systems.
referenceExisting templates for energy data collection include the United Nations’ International Recommendations for Energy Statistics, the Joint Organisations Data Initiative (JODI), the IEA’s Energy, Statistics, and Energy Efficiency Indicators Manuals, the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicators, and the US State Department’s Energy Resource Governance Initiative.
claimThe International Energy Agency (IEA) defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price.
claimThe current international energy security framework is primarily built around individual national policies focused on hydrocarbons, particularly oil, and collaborative multinational arrangements such as the International Energy Agency's (IEA) Emergency Response System.
claimThe International Energy Agency (IEA) reported in 2020 that the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the energy sector remains unclear despite significant speculation.
referenceThe International Energy Agency (IEA) published 'Energy Transitions in G20 countries – Energy Data Transparency and Market Digitalization' in September 2018, focusing on data transparency and market digitalization within G20 nations.
claimThe International Energy Agency's (IEA) framework for sharing data, aligning national policies, and coordinating collective action during oil supply disruptions can serve as a template for coordinated efforts to address the security of new energy forms and key minerals.
Energy Transition Literature - PSU Center for Energy Law and Policy celp.psu.edu May 20, 2024 6 facts
referenceThe International Energy Agency (IEA) published the 'Turkey 2021, Energy Policy Review', which explores Turkey's transition to renewable energy by analyzing its strategies and policies.
referenceThe International Energy Agency's 2021 Energy Policy Review for Spain identifies the Recovering and Resilience Plan, sustainable mobility, renewable energies, electricity infrastructure, storage and flexibility, and green hydrogen as the primary areas for Spain's energy transition.
referenceThe International Energy Agency's 2017 report on New Zealand's energy policies notes that while the country has reduced greenhouse gas emissions through increased renewable energy use, it remains reliant on fossil fuels for transportation and requires further investment in clean energy and improved regulatory frameworks.
referenceThe International Energy Agency's 2021 Energy Policy Review for France examines government efforts to update the National Low-Carbon Strategy (SNBC) by revisiting the contributions of biomass, carbon capture, utilization and storage, and decarbonized gases like hydrogen, while noting the need to align the Programming, Plan on Jobs and Competences (PPEC) and the revised National Strategy for Energy Research (SNRE).
referenceThe International Energy Agency's 2019 Review of Sweden's energy policies covers a broad spectrum of issues including oil, gas, and coal supply and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, and demand-side management.
referenceThe International Energy Agency published the 'Norway 2022, Energy Policy Review', which explores Norway's transition to renewable energy by analyzing its strategies, policies, and plans.
The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment ... nationalacademies.org 6 facts
claimThe EIA, IEA, and private-sector reference forecasts project that fossil fuel-based energy (coal, natural gas, and petroleum) will constitute approximately 60-70 percent of energy inputs for power generation.
measurementThe figure of 53 percent regarding electricity capacity was calculated using the International Energy Agency (IEA) 2012 Electricity Capacity Table on page 554.
measurementThe International Energy Agency's 'New Policies' scenario projects that fossil fuel generation will provide 53 percent of all global electricity capacity in 2035.
measurementThe International Energy Agency's 'Current Policies' scenario anticipates that fossil fuels will supply 66 percent of global electricity generation in 2035.
measurementThe International Energy Agency projects that almost 200 nuclear reactors will be retired before 2040.
measurementIn its 'New Policies' scenario, the International Energy Agency projects a 60 percent increase in world nuclear generating capacity to 624 GW by 2040, with the share of nuclear power in global electricity generation increasing to 12 percent.
A Critical Disconnect: Relying on Nuclear Energy in ... energypolicy.columbia.edu Jul 6, 2023 6 facts
perspectiveDr. Fatih Birol, the executive director of the International Energy Agency, stated at the COP27 conference in November 2022 that nuclear power is making a comeback, while simultaneously noting that the international financial community has failed to provide a level playing field for nuclear energy to address global development and environmental challenges.
perspectiveDr. Fatih Birol, executive director of the International Energy Agency, expressed that the international financial community has failed to provide a level playing field for nuclear energy to help address global development and environmental challenges.
claimThe International Energy Agency (IEA) updated its roadmap for net-zero emissions by 2050 to include a near doubling of global nuclear power capacity by mid-century.
quoteAt the Sharm el-Sheikh Conference of Parties (COP27), International Energy Agency executive director Dr. Fatih Birol stated that nuclear power was making a comeback.
claimThe International Energy Agency (IEA) estimated in a 2021 study that nuclear power's contribution to the global energy supply must double by mid-century to achieve deep decarbonization.
measurementTo achieve deep decarbonization, the International Energy Agency (IEA) estimated the nuclear sector requires an average annual investment of $90 billion from 2021 to 2030, $94 billion from 2031 to 2040, and $80 billion from 2041 to 2050.
Power Transition in the Middle East: The Intersection of US Global ... populismstudies.org Mar 15, 2026 4 facts
claimThe International Energy Agency published the 'Global energy review 2025: Electricity' in 2025.
claimThe International Energy Agency published a report titled 'Strait of Hormuz: Oil security and emergency response' on February 12, 2026.
claimThe International Energy Agency published a report titled 'Electricity 2026: Prices' on February 6, 2026.
claimThe International Energy Agency reported on February 23, 2025, that European gas market volatility is pressuring competitiveness and the cost of living.
Energy asset stranding in resource-rich developing countries and ... frontiersin.org Jun 10, 2024 4 facts
measurementNigeria is the largest consumer of oil-fired backup generation, according to the International Energy Agency (2019).
referenceResearch investigates various asset classes and sectors regarding stranding, including global fossil assets (Mercure et al., 2021), fossil assets in industrial countries (Semieniuk et al., 2022), fossil power plants (Edwards et al., 2022), coal and gas capacities (IEA, 2021), and energy infrastructure relative to emission budgets (Tong et al., 2019).
claimNigeria experiences one of the highest rates of blackouts in Africa due to a highly unreliable energy grid, according to the International Energy Agency (2021).
measurementThe International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that US-$90 billion worth of coal and gas capacities could strand by 2030, and US-$400 billion by 2040, in a net-zero scenario.
Global perspectives on energy technology assessment and ... link.springer.com Oct 30, 2025 3 facts
referenceThe article 'Multilateral energy technology cooperation: improving collaboration effectiveness through evidence from International Energy Agency technology collaboration programmes' was published in Energy Strategy Reviews in 2022 (Volume 43, article 100920).
referenceThe International Energy Agency (IEA) published a 2023 energy policy review for Denmark.
referenceThe International Energy Agency (IEA) published the 'World Energy Outlook 2024' report in 2024.
Clean Energy Solutions Must Include Nuclear | ClearPath clearpath.org 3 facts
claimThe International Energy Agency equates the projected 30% increase in global energy needs between 2017 and 2040 to adding the energy demand of China and India combined to today's global demand.
measurementThe International Energy Agency projects that global energy needs will increase by 30% between 2017 and 2040.
claimThe U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the International Energy Agency are organizations involved in the nuclear energy sector.
Comprehensive Overview on the Present State and Evolution of ... link.springer.com Aug 9, 2024 3 facts
claimIEA stands for International energy agency.
claimThe International Energy Agency warns that global energy-related CO2 emissions could increase by approximately 50% by 2030 compared to current levels if existing policies remain unchanged.
referenceThe International Energy Agency (IEA) publishes Energy Technology Perspectives, which provides insights into energy systems (2023).
Chapter: 5 Beyond Electricity: Nuclear Power's Potential to Play a ... nationalacademies.org 2 facts
referenceThe International Energy Agency (IEA) published the 'World Energy Outlook 2021', providing a comprehensive analysis of global energy trends.
referenceThe International Energy Agency (IEA) published 'The Future of Hydrogen: Seizing Today’s Opportunities' in 2019, which analyzes the role and opportunities for hydrogen in the energy sector.
Hydrogen in Oil and Gas: Decarbonizing the Industry Through ... - JPT jpt.spe.org Oct 10, 2025 2 facts
claimThe International Energy Agency (IEA) projects that hydrogen could supply 10–20% of global energy needs by 2050.
measurementAnnounced projects for low-emissions hydrogen production suggest capacity could rise to 49 million tons (Mt) per year by 2030, an increase from the 38 million tons (Mt) projected in the IEA 2023 Global Hydrogen Review.
Climate Shocks Are Redefining Energy Security energypolicy.columbia.edu Jul 15, 2025 2 facts
claimLaura Cozzi, an official with the International Energy Agency, stated that 20% of the global increase in electricity demand in 2023 was attributable to extreme weather.
claimLaura Cozzi of the International Energy Agency stated that 20% of the global increase in electricity demand in 2023 was attributable to extreme weather.
A comprehensive overview on demand side energy management ... link.springer.com Mar 13, 2023 2 facts
measurementThe International Energy Agency predicted that global electricity consumption would increase by more than 50% by 2030.
measurementThe International Energy Agency predicted that global electricity consumption will have increased by more than 50% by 2030.
What Role Does Nuclear Energy Play in the Race to Net Zero? earth.org Jul 19, 2023 2 facts
claimThe International Energy Agency (IEA) Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario outlines a technically feasible route to net zero but warns that it requires an unprecedented transformation of global energy production, transportation, and usage.
measurementThe International Energy Agency projects that renewable energy sources will supply approximately 90% of global electricity by 2050, an increase from 29% in 2020.
Recent breakthroughs in the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass ... pubs.rsc.org Jun 7, 2025 2 facts
Iran War: Potential Impact on Global Equities - Charles Schwab schwab.com 1 fact
claimThe International Energy Agency (IEA) can release strategic petroleum reserves to help offset energy supply disruptions, though there is a limit to the daily drawdown capacity.
What Does the Iran War Mean for Global Energy Markets? - CSIS csis.org Mar 6, 2026 1 fact
measurementThe International Energy Agency estimates that Qatar’s multi-phase North Field expansion will account for approximately 21 percent of expected global LNG supply additions between 2024 and 2030.
The U.S.-China Trade Relationship | Council on Foreign Relations cfr.org Oct 31, 2025 1 fact
quoteThe International Energy Agency argues that China’s export controls could “significantly undermine international efforts to diversify rare earth supply chains and scale up strategic manufacturing.”
Climate policy portfolios that accelerate emission reductions - Nature nature.com Jan 23, 2026 1 fact
referenceThe International Energy Agency (IEA) maintains a 'Policies & measures database' as of 2023.
Nuclear Energy and Climate Change Mitigation everycrsreport.com Apr 1, 2025 1 fact
referenceThe International Energy Agency (IEA) defines overnight costs as the costs associated with the construction of generating capacity, such as a new power plant, rather than the average cost of generation.
ESS Subtopic 6.2: Climate change – Causes and Impacts mrgscience.com 1 fact
measurementThe International Energy Agency (IEA) stated that global carbon emissions reached a record high, as reported by BBC Science and Environment News on 30 May 2011.
The Impact and Implications of the Ukraine Crisis - Interpret interpret.csis.org Feb 28, 2023 1 fact
quoteFatih Birol, executive director of the International Energy Agency, stated: “We are all experiencing the first real global energy crisis. Whereas the crisis in the 1970s was only about oil, today’s crisis will cover the industries of oil, gas, coal, and electricity.”
Hydrogen's Role in the Decarbonization of Heavy Industry ⚙️ h2electro.com 1 fact
measurementThe International Energy Agency estimates that hydrogen could reduce global CO2 emissions by up to 7 billion tons by 2050.
Renewables vs. Nature: What the Race to Net Zero Really Means for ... landconservationnetwork.org Jan 9, 2025 1 fact
claimThe United Nations and the International Energy Agency have advocated for a global scale-up of renewable energy to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 since 2021.
Iran Conflict Brief: The High Cost of Attacking Energy Infrastructure energypolicy.columbia.edu Mar 19, 2026 1 fact
claimAnne-Sophie Corbeau has two decades of experience in senior roles at the International Energy Agency and BP, where she focused on European energy security and the role of hydrogen.
A Critical View on Renewable Energy Sources -Part II: Hydro and ... academia.edu 1 fact
referenceChalikias and Ntanos (2015) clustered countries based on carbon dioxide emissions using the International Energy Agency (IEA) database, published in CEUR.
How governments address climate change through carbon pricing ... nature.com Apr 15, 2025 1 fact
referenceThe IEA Policies database provides a comprehensive collection of energy and climate policies globally.
The role of nuclear energy in mitigating climate change oecd-nea.org Dec 13, 2021 1 fact
referenceThe International Energy Agency estimates that meeting the Paris Agreement climate targets without nuclear energy would cost the world an additional USD 1.6 trillion.
Geopolitics of the energy transition: between global challenges and ... geoprogress-edition.eu Oct 26, 2025 1 fact
referenceThe International Energy Agency (IEA) published the 'Outlook for Producer Economies' in 2024, which analyzes the economic outlook for countries dependent on fossil fuel production during the energy transition.
The Brazilian G20 Presidency and the Case for Building a New ... cebri.org 1 fact
referenceThe International Energy Agency (IEA) published 'Net Zero Roadmap: A Global Pathway to Keep the 1.5 °C Goal in Reach' in 2023.
Reforming Iran's Energy Policy: Strategies for Sustainability ... jpia.princeton.edu Apr 22, 2025 1 fact
referenceThe International Energy Agency (IEA) published the 'World Energy Outlook 2008,' which provides a global energy analysis including data relevant to Iran.
Iran Country Report 2026 - BTI Transformation Index bti-project.org 1 fact
measurementAccording to the International Energy Agency (IEA), 100% of the Iranian population had access to electricity in 2022.
The geopolitics of energy transition, part 1: Six challenges for the ... ine.org.pl Oct 4, 2021 1 fact
claimThe International Energy Agency reported in 2021 that the demand for critical minerals is set to soar as the world pursues net-zero goals.