Knowledge Tree
Major Depressive Disorder
Also known as: MDD
Facts (40)
Sources
The Montreal model: an integrative biomedical-psychedelic ... frontiersin.org 12 facts
referenceHan et al. published a meta-analysis in 2016 in Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment on the efficacy of ketamine for the rapid treatment of major depressive disorder, based on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies.
referenceKennedy et al. published the 2016 Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) clinical guidelines for the management of adults with major depressive disorder in the Canadian Journal of Psychiatry.
referenceThe Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) issued a recommendation in 2020 regarding the use of esketamine (Spravato) for the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults.
referenceSloshower, Skosnik, Safi-Aghdam, et al. conducted an exploratory placebo-controlled, fixed-order trial of psilocybin-assisted therapy for major depressive disorder, published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology (2023).
claimDavidson published guidelines in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry in 2010 regarding the treatment of major depressive disorder in America and Europe.
referenceEvans et al. (2018) measured default mode connectivity in patients with major depressive disorder up to 10 days following the administration of ketamine, as published in Biological Psychiatry.
measurementApproximately 30% of patients with major depressive disorder who receive evidence-based care fail to respond to multiple conventional psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments.
referencePapakostas et al. (2020) conducted a meta-analysis published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry regarding the efficacy of esketamine augmentation in major depressive disorder.
measurementMajor depressive disorder affects more than 11% of Canadians across their lifetime.
referenceMathai et al. (2020) performed a systematic review on the relationship between subjective effects induced by a single dose of ketamine and the subsequent treatment response in patients with major depressive disorder.
claimPsychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy (PAP) has demonstrated significant benefits in treating Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD), though current practices are heterogeneous and ill-defined.
referenceSloshower, Guss, Krause, et al. published a study on psilocybin-assisted therapy of major depressive disorder using acceptance and commitment therapy as a therapeutic frame in the Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science (2020).
Effects of psychedelics on neurogenesis and broader neuroplasticity link.springer.com Dec 19, 2024 11 facts
claimPharmacological treatments for mood disorders like Major Depressive Disorder primarily consist of benzodiazepines or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
referenceNew agents and perspectives in the pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder were reviewed by Sanches, Quevedo, and Soares in Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (2021).
claimResearch into the cellular mechanisms of harmala alkaloids is currently exploring their effects on neurogenesis and plasticity, particularly in the context of the neurogenic hypothesis for Major Depressive Disorder.
claimTreatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders typically require chronic, daily dosages for at least one month to produce meaningful therapeutic effects.
claim5-HT1A receptor function in major depressive disorder is a subject of research by Savitz, Lucki, and Drevets.
measurementAccording to the Global Burden of Diseases study used by the World Health Organization, 264 million people, or approximately 4.5% of the world population, suffer from Major Depressive Disorder.
claimKetamine treatment in patients with major depressive disorder induces plasticity, as indicated by concomitant changes in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels and sleep slow waves.
referenceB. Pochwat et al. reviewed NMDA antagonists under investigation for the treatment of major depressive disorder in a 2014 article published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs.
claimMajor Depressive Disorder is characterized by persistent anhedonia and significantly impacts daily activities, quality of life, cognitive abilities, and work productivity.
claimPsychedelics can be used to improve cognitive functioning in major depressive disorder using a dimensional approach.
referenceThere is a relationship between subjective effects induced by a single dose of ketamine and the treatment response in patients with major depressive disorder.
Published Studies — Johns Hopkins Center for Psychedelic and ... hopkinspsychedelic.org 8 facts
referenceThe study 'Five-year outcomes of psilocybin-assisted therapy for Major Depressive Disorder' was published in the Journal of Psychedelic Studies in 2025 by Davis, A. K., DellaCrosse, M. A., Sepeda, N. D., Levin, A. W., Cosimano, M., Shaub, H., Washington, T., Gooch, P. M., Gilead, S., Gaughan, S. J., Armstrong, S. B., and Barrett, F. S.
referenceThe study 'Effects of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder' by A. K. Davis, F. S. Barrett, D. G. May, M. P. Cosimano, N. D. Sepeda, M. W. Johnson, P. H. Finan, and R. R. Griffiths was published in JAMA Psychiatry in 2021.
referenceCheung and Yaden published a paper titled 'Unique Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Psilocybin Therapy Versus Escitalopram Treatment in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder' in the International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction in 2024.
referenceA 2024 study published in eClinicalMedicine by Buyukbabani et al. examined the effect of psilocybin versus escitalopram on depression symptom severity in patients with moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder, utilizing an observational 6-month follow-up of a phase 2, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial.
referenceGraziosi et al. published a study titled 'The therapeutic alliance between study participants and intervention facilitators is associated with acute effects and clinical outcomes in a psilocybin-assisted therapy trial for major depressive disorder' in PLoS ONE in 2024.
referenceA 2023 study published in 'JAMA' evaluated the efficacy of single-dose psilocybin treatment for major depressive disorder.
referenceGukasyan, N., Davis, A. K., Barrett, F. S., Cosimano, M. P., Sepeda, N. D., Johnson, M. W., and Griffiths, R. R. published a study in the Journal of Psychopharmacology in 2022 regarding the efficacy and safety of psilocybin-assisted treatment for major depressive disorder, including a prospective 12-month follow-up.
referenceYaden, D. B., Nayak, S. M., Gukasyan, N., Anderson, B. T., & Griffiths, R. R. published 'Psilocybin therapy increases cognitive and neural flexibility in patients with major depressive disorder' in 'Translational Psychiatry' in 2021.
Neuroimaging in psychedelic drug development: past, present, and ... nature.com Sep 27, 2023 5 facts
claimAn open-label study of patients with major depressive disorder found that psilocybin treatment led to increased cognitive flexibility (measured by perseverative errors on a set-shifting task) and neural flexibility (measured by functional connectivity via fMRI) that persisted for up to four weeks post-treatment.
measurementAn open-label study of patients with major depressive disorder reported reductions in glutamate and N-Acetylaspartate concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex, as measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), following psilocybin treatment.
referenceDavis et al. (2021) performed a randomized clinical trial investigating the effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy on major depressive disorder.
referenceSumner RL, McMillan R, Spriggs MJ, Campbell D, Malpas G, Maxwell E, et al. authored 'Ketamine Enhances Visual Sensory Evoked Potential Long-term Potentiation in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder', published in Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging in 2020, volume 5, pages 45–55.
claimPsilocybin therapy increases cognitive and neural flexibility in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder, as reported in a 2021 study.
History and Current Status of Psychedelics and Entactogens ... - NCBI ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 3 facts
accountNora Osowski participated in a clinical trial for psilocybin to treat major depressive disorder at Johns Hopkins University after failing to find relief with conventional antidepressants.
procedureThe psilocybin clinical trial protocol at Johns Hopkins University for major depressive disorder includes preparatory visits with a facilitator, treatment sessions involving eyeshades and headphones with standardized music, and subsequent integrative sessions to process insights.
accountNora Osowski, a patient with major depressive disorder, reported that tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors were ineffective after she adhered to the prescribed treatment duration of at least 3 to 6 months for each class of medication.
Psychedelic Drugs News - ScienceDaily sciencedaily.com 1 fact
claimResearchers have established a new framework for understanding how classic antidepressants work in treating major depressive disorder (MDD).