Knowledge Tree
introspection
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Self-Consciousness - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 13, 2017 11 facts
claimPhilosophers who support David Hume's view that introspection reveals only perceptions include Shoemaker (1986), Martin (1997), Howell (2010), and Prinz (2012).
claimA common philosophical supposition is that self-consciousness is fundamentally a conscious awareness of the self, where introspection reveals a thing presented as oneself.
claimDavid Hume rejected the idea that introspection reveals the self, claiming that when he introspected, he could never catch himself, but only perceptions.
claimThe sense of location, which is the sense that a mental state is located within one's own mind, can be understood as being possessed if one is aware of a mental state through introspection.
referenceQuassim Cassam explored the relationship between introspection and bodily self-ascription in his 1995 paper 'Introspection and Bodily Self-Ascription'.
claimSydney Shoemaker (1984b, 1986) argues that if there is an introspective awareness of the self as an object, it should be understood as a form of self-perception, but he also contends that introspection is not a form of perception, meaning we do not introspectively perceive the self.
claimPhilosophers who oppose David Hume's view that introspection reveals only perceptions include Chisholm (1976), Cassam (1995), G. Strawson (2009), Damasio (2010), and Rosenthal (2012).
claimA common argument for introspective self-awareness is that in introspection, one is perceptually aware of one's own mental properties, and perceiving a property implies perceiving that which has that property (the self).
claimIn many judgments, it is possible to know that something is 'F' but wrongly identify which thing is 'F', whereas in other judgments, such as introspection-based judgments like having a headache, this identification error is impossible.
claimDavid Hume's skepticism about self-perception is challenged by the observation that while Hume claimed he could find no self in introspection, he reported his findings in first-personal terms, indicating he was aware of his mental states as his own, as noted by Roderick Chisholm (1976).
claimP.F. Strawson (1966), Evans (1982), Sutton Morris (1982), Ayers (1991), Brewer (1995), Cassam (1995, 1997), and Bermúdez (1998, 2011) maintain that even if introspection does not reveal the self as an object, bodily awareness is a form of perceptual experience that does reveal the self.
Consciousness (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2025 ... plato.stanford.edu Jun 18, 2004 3 facts
claimEdmund Husserl (1929) posits that articulating the structure of the phenomenal domain requires a difficult process of inference and model building because much of the structure is only implicit in the organization of experience and cannot be accessed solely through introspection.
referenceRobert Van Gulick published 'Inward and upward: reflection, introspection and self-awareness' in Philosophical Topics in 2000.
referenceP. M. Churchland authored 'Reduction, qualia, and direct introspection of brain states' in 1985.
Self-Consciousness - Open Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science oecs.mit.edu Jul 24, 2024 3 facts
claimThe perspective that self-consciousness relies on specific sources of information (introspection, perception, spatial representation, memory, and proprioception) bridges the gap between philosophical discussions and contemporary cognitive science, while suggesting that self-consciousness exists in degrees and is more widely distributed than previously thought.
referenceThe 'elusiveness thesis' is the philosophical view that introspection never provides the self as an object of awareness; instead, individuals only encounter thoughts, emotions, sensations, and other psychological events.
referenceShoemaker (1968), Evans (1982), and Bermúdez (1998) identify five key sources of information that are essential to self-consciousness: the deliverances of introspection, self-locating and self-specifying information in perception, ways of representing one's position in space, autobiographical memories, and information about the body through proprioception and bodily sensations.
History and Current Status of Psychedelics and Entactogens ... - NCBI ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 2 facts
claimMDMA has been found to be very valuable within a psychotherapeutic context due to its ability to facilitate insight, introspection, and positive mood.
claimThe subjective effects of psychedelics include stimulation of affect, enhanced capacity for insight and introspection, perceptual changes, and alterations of thought and time.
Global Versus Local Theories of Consciousness and the ... link.springer.com 2 facts
claimSeth and Bayne argue that solving the problem of measuring consciousness requires validation methods that rely on more than just introspection or theoretical considerations.
quoteSeth and Bayne state: “because theories of consciousness are themselves contentious, it seems unlikely that appealing to theory-based considerations could provide the kind of intersubjective validation required for an objective marker of consciousness. Solving the measurement problem thus seems to require a method of validation that is based neither solely on introspection nor on theoretical considerations.”
Dualism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Winter 2016 Edition) plato.stanford.edu Aug 19, 2003 2 facts
claimGeorge Berkeley's concept of 'notion' can be interpreted either as implying that the self contains more than introspection can capture, or that notions capture the self as totally as ideas capture their objects.
claimProponents of the dualist argument claim that one can know a priori through introspection that the mind is not more-than-causally dependent on a radically different nature, such as a brain or body.
Hard problem of consciousness - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 1 fact
claimType-B Materialists believe that while there is a gap between introspection and neuroscience that will not be resolved by understanding neurobiology, consciousness and neurobiology are identical in reality.
Attention and consciousness - SelfAwarePatterns selfawarepatterns.com Jun 12, 2022 1 fact
claimConsciousness is often associated with the results of perception, attention, or introspection.
Moving Forward on the Problem of Consciousness - David Chalmers consc.net 1 fact
claimDavid Chalmers asserts that phenomenological judgments are reliable if they are made with careful, patient attention and critical introspection.
Altered states of consciousness – Knowledge and References taylorandfrancis.com 1 fact
claimAyahuasca induces an altered state of consciousness that is difficult to compare and describe due to its abstract character, with the most commonly reported subjective effects being introspection, serenity, biographical memories, sensations of well-being, hallucinations, synaesthesia (specifically visual and auditory), and mystical or religious experiences.
The Evidence for AI Consciousness, Today - AI Frontiers ai-frontiers.org Dec 8, 2025 1 fact
claimFrontier AI models report experiencing "an injected thought" or "something unexpected" in real-time when researchers inject specific concepts into the model's neural activity, indicating introspection in a functional sense.
The Mechanisms of Psychedelic Visionary Experiences - Frontiers frontiersin.org Sep 27, 2017 1 fact
referenceThe default mode network (DMN) functions as a hub for structural and functional connections underlying meta-cognitive processes such as introspection and daydreaming, as established by Buckner et al. (2008), Uddin et al. (2009), and Scheibnera et al. (2017).