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body mass index (BMI)
Also known as: BMI, body mass index (BMI), body mass index
Facts (27)
Sources
A Consensus Proposal for Nutritional Indicators to Assess ... - Frontiers frontiersin.org 7 facts
procedureThe prevalence of undernutrition is calculated as the percentage of individuals having a BMI <18.5 kg/m2 based on self-reported weight and height.
claimThe abbreviation BMI stands for body mass index.
procedureThe prevalence of overweight or obesity is calculated as the percentage of individuals having a BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2 (based on self-reported weight and height) and/or a waist circumference >88 cm in women and >102 cm in men.
measurementDisease risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is classified by BMI and waist circumference: BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 is 'Increased' risk (normal WC) or 'High' risk (high WC); BMI 30.0–34.9 kg/m2 is 'High' risk (normal WC) or 'Very high' risk (high WC); BMI 35.0–39.9 kg/m2 is 'Very high' risk (normal WC) or 'Very high' risk (high WC); and BMI ≥40.0 kg/m2 is 'Extremely high' risk regardless of WC.
claimSelf-reported anthropometric data in national surveys are subject to systematic error, such as underestimation of BMI due to participants overestimating height and underestimating weight.
measurementBody mass index (BMI) is used as a measure of underweight (defined as <18.5 kg/m2) and various levels of overweight (25–29.9, 30–34.9, 35–39.9, and ≥40 kg/m2) in both men and women.
procedureThe 'Nutritional Anthropometry' indicator uses body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as methods to assess how much an individual's body weight departs from what is normal or desirable for their height.
Associations between dietary diversity and self-rated health in a ... link.springer.com Feb 28, 2025 3 facts
claimDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in eating behavior, BMI, eating style, coping mechanisms, and health anxiety were associated with self-reported eating habits, according to a 2021 study by Coulthard et al.
referenceVandevijvere et al. published a study in 2019 in Obesity Reviews regarding global trends in ultra-processed food and drink product sales and their association with adult body mass index trajectories.
claimDietary diversity scores (DDS) are associated with biological and anthropometric indicators of nutritional status, including height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), BMI-for-age (BAZ), BMI, weight, and height.
How do the indices based on the EAT-Lancet recommendations ... medrxiv.org May 14, 2024 2 facts
claimEAT-Lancet adherence scores generally trend higher in women, older individuals, those with higher income, higher education, lower BMI, non-smokers, and physically active individuals.
measurementIndividuals in lower BMI groups had higher scores on dietary indices, though this trend was only confirmed for ELD-I and ELI.
Analysis of study Global Burden of Disease in 2021 - Frontiers frontiersin.org Jan 14, 2025 2 facts
claimNepal faces a dual burden of malnutrition, characterized by a rapid increase in the frequency of high Body Mass Index (BMI) alongside the ongoing presence of undernutrition.
referenceA trend analysis of Global Burden of Disease data from 2010 to 2019 identified a double burden of malnutrition in Nepal, characterized by both protein-energy malnutrition and high Body Mass Index.
Sex differences in cardiorespiratory control under hypoxia - Frontiers frontiersin.org Jan 30, 2025 2 facts
claimMale and female participants in the study were matched in age and body mass index, but differed significantly in height, weight, and body surface area.
measurementThe study participants consisted of twelve females and ten males, who were matched by age and body mass index (BMI).
Immunity In Depth | Linus Pauling Institute lpi.oregonstate.edu 1 fact
claimA higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory, gastrointestinal, liver, and biliary infections.
What Is Inflammation? Types, Causes & Treatment my.clevelandclinic.org Mar 22, 2024 1 fact
claimCommon causes of chronic inflammation include low levels of physical activity, chronic stress, obesity (BMI at or above 30, especially visceral fat), gut dysbiosis, regular consumption of foods high in trans fat or salt, disrupted sleep and circadian rhythm, exposure to toxins (hazardous waste, industrial chemicals), tobacco use, and excessive alcohol consumption.
Psychedelics, Sociality, and Human Evolution frontiersin.org 1 fact
claimLifetime psychedelic use is associated with markers of physical health, including self-reported overall health, body mass index, and the incidence of heart conditions or cancer in the past 12 months.
Altered State of Consciousness | Springer Nature Link link.springer.com Sep 17, 2025 1 fact
referenceS. Taheri, L. Lin, D. Austin, T. Young, and E. Mignot published 'Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index' in PLoS Medicine in 2004.
Global dietary quality in 185 countries from 1990 to 2018 show wide ... nature.com Sep 19, 2022 1 fact
claimGlobal trends in ultraprocessed food and drink product sales are associated with adult body mass index trajectories.
Global overview of dietary outcomes and dietary intake assessment ... link.springer.com Aug 21, 2021 1 fact
referenceThe Seafarer Nutrition Study found that cultural differences in food and shape-related attitudes and eating behavior are associated with differences in Body Mass Index among Kiribati and European seafarers on merchant ships, as published in BMC Obesity in 2018.
The effect of body composition on strength and power in male ... link.springer.com 1 fact
formulaBody mass index (BMI) is calculated by dividing body mass in kilograms by the square of height in meters.
Western pattern diet | Nutrition and Dietetics | Research Starters ebsco.com 1 fact
measurementAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults (39 percent) were overweight, and 650 million adults (13 percent) were obese, defined as having a body mass index of 30 or more.
Dietary diversity insufficiently explains differences in prevalence of ... journals.plos.org 1 fact
referenceGómez et al. (2021) analyzed the impact of socioeconomic status on diet quality and body mass index in eight Latin American countries as part of the ELANS study.
Health and environmental impacts of diets worldwide globalnutritionreport.org 1 fact
referenceThe study 'Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents' by Di Angelantonio E, Bhupathiraju S, et al. was published in The Lancet in 2016 (388: 776–86).
A Scoping Review of Indicators for Sustainable Healthy Diets frontiersin.org Jan 12, 2022 1 fact
referenceAbarca-Gómez et al. (2017) published a pooled analysis of 2,416 population-based measurement studies involving 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults, which examined worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016.