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behavior
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Evolutionary psychology - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 8 facts
claimBehavioral genetics is the field of study that focuses on the proximate influence of genes on behavior.
claimEvolutionary psychology focuses on the study of distal or ultimate causality, specifically the evolution of psychological adaptations, rather than proximate analyses of behavior.
claimMotivations direct and energize behavior, while emotions provide the affective component to motivation.
referenceFrank Sulloway authored 'Born to rebel' in 1996, which discusses the influence of birth order on personality and behavior.
claimBehavioral genetics and its variants, including molecular-level studies of the relationship between genes, neurotransmitters, and behavior, focus on establishing the relative influence of genetics and environment on behavior.
claimHuman psychology comprises many specialized mechanisms, each sensitive to different classes of information or inputs, which combine to produce manifest behavior.
claimThe brain is an information-processing device that produces behavior in response to external and internal inputs.
claimCritics often characterize evolutionary psychology as a form of genetic reductionism and genetic determinism, arguing that the field fails to address the complexity of individual development and experience or explain the influence of genes on behavior in individual cases.
The function(s) of consciousness: an evolutionary perspective frontiersin.org Nov 25, 2024 8 facts
referenceThe evolution of agency, defined as the link between conscious contents and behavior, depended on neurocircuitry innovations that made memory responsive to sensations generated by consciousness, according to Lacalli (2023).
claimLacalli (2023) identified that one general function of consciousness is that it reduces by orders of magnitude the time required to change behavior in response to changing circumstances.
claimThe author defines "consciousness" as the ability to have conscious experiences, regardless of how this manifests on a moment-to-moment basis during behavior.
claimLacalli (2021) identified that one general function of consciousness is that it increases the range of behaviors possible for an individual.
procedureThe MDIS model describes a process for modulating behavior based on odor: (1) an animal encounters an odor associated with fear based on memory, (2) the feeling of fear co-occurs with a specific location coded by hippocampal place cells, and (3) a link forms between the hippocampus and the center responsible for the sensation, causing the sensation to be evoked upon future arrival at that location.
perspectiveLacalli proposes that consciousness first evolved as a mechanism to incorporate learning into behavior in a novel way, enabling better choices between alternative actions compared to non-conscious pathways.
claimThurston Lacalli (2024) highlights the importance of memory in the conscious modulation of behavior, specifically noting that negative affect acts through memory to inhibit appetitive actions in risky situations.
referenceBudson et al. (2022) propose a model where consciousness modulates appetitive actions in foraging animals by slowing or redirecting behavior when sensory inputs evoke conscious sensations of danger through memory.
Dualism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Winter 2016 Edition) plato.stanford.edu Aug 19, 2003 5 facts
claimIf epiphenomenalism is true, mental states do not explain behavior, making it explanatorily redundant to postulate mental states for others when a physical explanation for their behavior exists.
claimThe argument from analogy for the existence of other minds posits that because an individual knows their own mental states are correlated with their own behavior, they can infer that similar behavior in others is accompanied by similar mental states.
claimThe 'argument to the best explanation' for other minds suggests that because mental events explain an individual's own behavior and no other explanation exists for typical human behavior, one can postulate the same mental explanation for the behavior of others.
claimThe assumption that interactionism is incompatible with the world being 'closed under physics' is not necessarily justified if causal overdetermination of behavior is possible, allowing for both a complete physical cause and a mental cause of behavior.
perspectiveProperty dualism regarding the mind is defended by those who argue that the qualitative nature of consciousness is a genuinely emergent phenomenon rather than merely a way of categorizing brain states or behavior.
Evolutionary Psychology | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 5 facts
referenceStephen Downes published 'Some Recent Developments in Evolutionary Approaches to the Study of Human Cognition and Behavior' in the journal Biology and Philosophy in 2001.
claimA domain-general psychological architecture cannot guide behavior to promote fitness because there is no domain-general criterion of success or failure, as what counts as fit behavior differs from domain to domain.
claimAdaptive courses of action cannot be deduced or learned by general criteria because they depend on statistical relationships between environmental features, behavior, and fitness that emerge over many generations and are not observable during a single lifetime.
claimA domain-general decision rule like 'Do that which maximizes your inclusive fitness' cannot efficiently guide behavior because the fitness impact of a design feature is inherently unobservable at the time the behavior occurs.
referenceHilary Putnam published 'Brains and Behavior' in the 1963 book 'Analytical Philosophy, Second Series', edited by R.J. Butler.
Non-physicalist Theories of Consciousness cambridge.org Dec 20, 2023 5 facts
claimEpiphenomenalism suggests that pain has no causal effects on behavior, implying that switching the correlations between pain/pleasure and physical states would not impact natural selection.
claimOverdetermination dualism posits that psychophysical laws operate in both directions: physical states produce conscious states, and conscious states produce physical effects such as behavior.
claimEpiphenomenalism faces a challenge regarding why phenomenal experiences, such as pain or the experience of seeing red, are by-products of specific physical states that cause corresponding behaviors, such as avoidance or verbal reports, rather than arbitrary behaviors.
claimInteractionist dualism posits additional non-physical causal structure that is required to explain certain physical events, such as behavior, which differs from the structure posited by epiphenomenalist or overdetermination dualism.
claimThe physical world is causally closed, meaning all physical effects have a sufficient physical cause, which implies that if consciousness produces physical effects like behavior, it must be physical.
Complexity and the Evolution of Consciousness | Biological Theory link.springer.com Sep 14, 2022 3 facts
claimEthologists demand that the study of adaptive value be conducted alongside the study of mechanisms and developments, which necessitates solving the 'black box' problem of how organisms optimize their behavior.
referencePittendrigh (1958) discusses adaptation, natural selection, and behavior.
quoteShizgal and Conover (1996) stated: "In natural settings, the goals competing for behavior are complex, multidimensional objects and outcomes. Yet, for orderly choice to be possible, the utility of all competing resources must be represented on a single, common dimension."
Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART) frontiersin.org 2 facts
referenceDecentering, also described as 'reperceiving' (Shapiro et al., 2006), is a therapeutic process that creates a space between perception and response, allowing an individual to disengage from immediate experience and adopt an observer perspective to analyze habitual patterns of emotion and behavior.
perspectiveIt is proposed that awareness alone can change the conditioned response contingency regarding patterns of behavior and feelings toward oneself and others, though intentional cognitive processes may also contribute to this change.
Panpsychism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 18, 2017 2 facts
claimIt is possible to imagine a creature that is empirically indiscernible from a human in terms of physical brain processes and behavior, yet lacks subjective experience, which suggests that physical facts alone cannot explain conscious experience.
claimDavid Chalmers named the difficulty of explaining why physical brain processes and behavior give rise to subjective experience 'the hard problem of consciousness'.
Hard Problem of Consciousness | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 2 facts
referenceEnactive or embodied approaches to consciousness contend that mental processes should be characterized in terms of dynamic processes connecting perception, bodily and environmental awareness, and behavior, rather than strictly inner processes or representations.
claimEnactive or embodied approaches argue that consciousness is tied to behavior and action and cannot be isolated as a passive process of receiving and recording information.
The Problem of Hard and Easy Problems cambridge.org Mar 31, 2023 2 facts
claimDavid Chalmers defines the explanation of reportability as an explanation of how the relevant function is performed, specifically involving a story about the organization of a physical system that allows it to react to environmental stimulation and produce behavior.
claimDavid Chalmers defines 'function' as any causal role in the production of behavior that a system might perform.
The Hard Problem of Consciousness | Springer Nature Link link.springer.com 2 facts
claimDavid Chalmers argues that because behavior can be explained in purely physical terms, it is possible for 'zombie-twins' to behave exactly like humans despite having no phenomenal experience.
claimDavid Chalmers uses the concept of 'irreducibility' to define the explanatory gap between phenomenal experience (how it feels to be) and physical accounts of neuronal activity, cognition, and behavior.
Psychedelics and Consciousness: Distinctions, Demarcations ... - PMC pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 2 facts
A Synergistic Workspace for Human Consciousness Revealed by ... elifesciences.org 1 fact
referenceThe study 'A Theoretically Based Index of Consciousness Independent of Sensory Processing and Behavior' published in Science Translational Medicine introduces an index of consciousness that operates independently of sensory processing and behavior.
Psychedelic Drugs News - ScienceDaily sciencedaily.com 1 fact
claimThe 5-HT2A receptor modulates brain signals, influencing mood, perception, and behavior.
(DOC) The hard problem of consciousness & the phenomenological ... academia.edu 1 fact
claimThe Standard Model (SM) of neurophilosophy is defined as the assumption that all behavior is ultimately neurophysical.
Psychedelics and Consciousness: Distinctions, Demarcations, and ... ouci.dntb.gov.ua 1 fact
claimDavid B Yaden et al. state that psychedelics are relevant to the 'easy problems of consciousness,' which involve the relationships between subjectivity, brain function, and behavior.
Panpsychism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2015 Edition) plato.stanford.edu May 23, 2001 1 fact
claimWilhelm Wundt argued that the purposiveness and appropriateness of the behavior of simple micro-organisms could not arise suddenly through the mere conglomeration of material particles via elementary physical forces.
Quantum Theory of Consciousness - Scirp.org. scirp.org 1 fact
referenceWalter J. Freeman and Giuseppe Vitiello published 'Matter and Mind Are Entangled in Two Streams of Images Guiding Behavior and Informing the Subject through Awareness' in Mind and Matter in 2016.
Global Versus Local Theories of Consciousness and the ... link.springer.com 1 fact
referenceAdenauer Casali and colleagues developed a theoretically based index of consciousness that is independent of sensory processing and behavior, published in Science Translational Medicine in 2013.
Psychology and Cognitive Science on Consciousness klinikong.com 1 fact
claimB.F. Skinner argued that consciousness and internal thoughts are not essential for understanding behavior.
Psychedelics and Consciousness: Distinctions, Demarcations, and ... blossomanalysis.com 1 fact
claimPsychedelics are useful tools for investigating the 'easy problems of consciousness,' which involve the relations between subjectivity, brain function, and behavior, including perception, attention, and selfhood.
Hard problem of consciousness - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 1 fact
perspectiveDaniel Dennett and Patricia Churchland argue that the 'hard problem' of consciousness is best understood as a collection of 'easy problems' that will be resolved through further analysis of brain function and behavior.
A Comprehensive Benchmark and Evaluation Framework for Multi ... arxiv.org Jan 6, 2026 1 fact
measurementThe 'Guidance Injection Loop' configuration for patient agents achieves a hallucination score of 0.049, a relevance score of 0.992, and perfect scores of 1.000 across all Anthropomorphism dimensions (Linguistics, Cognition, and Behavior).
Fame in the Brain—Global Workspace Theories of Consciousness psychologytoday.com Oct 28, 2023 1 fact
claimInformation processed locally by specialized, modular regions without being broadcast to the global workspace remains non-conscious, yet this non-conscious processing performs vital roles in the background, including influencing behavior and decision-making.
Early Human Diets - California Academy of Sciences calacademy.org Jun 4, 2013 1 fact
quoteZeresenay Alemseged, Senior Curator and Chair of Anthropology at the California Academy of Sciences, stated: "Because feeding is the most important factor determining an organism’s physiology, behavior, and its interaction with the environment, these findings will give us new insight into the evolutionary mechanisms that shaped our evolution."