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• Ions of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and magnesium play vital roles in the metabolic processes of the human body.
• The fruit pulp of Ziziphus lotus contains significantly higher levels of sugar (35.25 to 48.87%), phosphorus (63.114 to 155.269 mg 100−1g), sodium (34.8 to 56.91 ppm), calcium (91.78 to 382.69 ppm), β-carotene (36.4 to 46 μg g−1), lycopene (59.15 to 100.25 μg g−1), and chlorophyll a (3.6 to 7.2 μg g−1) compared to the seeds.
• Ichiji Tasaki claimed that neuronal excitability is determined by the tuning of the bistable state of the ectoplasmic gel, which exists as a continuum of states ranging from a Ca2+-contracted form to a swollen Na+/K+ form.
• Onion plants grown under a blue-to-white light ratio of 1:3 show accumulation of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and boron (B).
• Suboptimal diets are characterized by low intake of fibers, fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, nuts, seeds, milk, seafood, calcium, and healthy fats (omega-3 fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids) and high intake of trans-fatty acids, sodium, red or processed meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages, according to Afshin et al. (2019).
• Phosphorus in a plant digest is analyzed using the Canada-molybdate yellow color method, Potassium and Calcium are analyzed using a flame photometer, Sulfur is evaluated using a turbidimetric process, and Sodium, Zinc, Copper, Iron, and Manganese are determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
• During the excitation process, the ectoplasm undergoes a reversible and abrupt structural change when monovalent cations like sodium (Na+) are substituted for bivalent counter ions like calcium (Ca2+).
• The human body contains inorganic minerals, including calcium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, and iron.
• As an excited zone in the cortical cytoskeletal gel layer moves, the previous excited zone relaxes back to its resting state, a process during which water molecules surrounding the Na+-bound form are released upon Ca2+-binding, with two moles of Na+ exchanged per mole of Ca2+ bound.
• Williams (1970) published a Tilden lecture in the Quarterly Reviews, Chemical Society regarding the biochemistry of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium.
• Vernonia amygdalina seeds contain vitamin C, vitamins B1 and B2, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and manganese.
• Calcium and sodium are present as ions in human blood and interstitial fluid.
• Rybicka and Gliszczyńska-Świgło analyzed the content of calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in grain gluten-free products in a 2017 study.
• Mineral analysis of medicinal plants determines the presence of essential elements including sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn).