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• A typical industrial hemp plant is composed of stalks, flowers, leaves, roots, and seeds, with the stalk consisting of a hollow inner core of rigid woody material called hurd surrounded by a layer of long fibers known as bast.
• The Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) for wild edible plant parts in the Shabelle Zone is 0.91 for fruits, 0.77 for tubers, 0.67 for roots, 0.53 for leaves, 0.44 for resin, and 0.35 for stems.
• Thallophyta plants are characterized by a primitive, simple, thallus-like body structure that lacks differentiation into roots, stems, or leaves, and can be filamentous, colonial, branched, or unbranched.
• In medicinal formulations used by the Quitexe people, leaves are the most commonly utilized plant organ (43.62%), followed by stem bark (13.83%), fruits (12.77%), seeds (6.38%), and roots (4.26%).
• In the Shabelle Zone, Eastern Ethiopia, fruits are the most commonly consumed parts of wild edible plants, while roots, tubers, leaves, stems, and resins are primarily used during periods of food scarcity.
• In plants, nutrients absorbed from the soil are transported from heterotrophic roots to seeds via autotrophic shoots or leaves using specific transporter proteins, including channels, carriers, and pumps.
• In higher plants, nutrients absorbed from the soil are transported from heterotrophic roots to seeds via autotrophic shoots or leaves using specific transporter proteins, including channels, carriers, and pumps.
• Plants utilize photosynthetic carbon to construct structures for nutrient and water acquisition (roots), to compete for light (stems and leaves), and to produce defenses against enemies such as toxins and spines.
• In the Shabelle Zone, local communities utilize specific harvesting methods for wild edible plants: plucking is used for leaves, stems, or resins (e.g., A. dubius, A. reficiens, C. myrrha, B. ogadensis, C. olitorius, M. stenopetala), while digging is used for underground parts like tubers and roots (e.g., I. rotundifolia, S. sanguinea, I. volkensii, E. nutans, C. spiculata, E. grandis, C. exaltatus).
• Pteridophytes possess a plant body differentiated into roots, stems, and leaves, and they utilize a vascular system for the conduction of water and other substances.
• Thallophytes are characterized by a lack of a well-differentiated body structure, meaning the body is not clearly divided into stem, leaves, and roots.
• Consumption of fruits and leaves is higher than the consumption of roots, seeds, and inner stem parts in the Goba District.
• Jin et al. (2020) profiled secondary metabolites in cannabis inflorescences, leaves, stem barks, and roots for medicinal purposes.
• In the Shabelle Zone, six categories of wild edible plant parts are consumed: fruits (66.6% of species), tubers (8.7%), roots (8.7%), leaves (8.7%), resin (5.2%), and stems (1.7%).
• Consumption patterns for wild edible plants in the Shabelle Zone vary by part: fruits and resin are predominantly eaten raw, while roots, tubers, and leaves are generally cooked or mixed with other foods prior to consumption.
• The preferential use of leaves over roots, flowers, seeds, and fruits in traditional medicinal practices supports sustainable conservation by reducing the risk of overexploitation and depletion of plant species, as noted in study [50].
• Industrial hemp absorbs and stores carbon in its stem, roots, and leaves through the processes of photosynthesis and bio-sequestration.