Knowledge Tree
Finland
Facts (23)
Sources
The impact of monetary policy on income and wealth inequality cepr.org Feb 11, 2022 14 facts
measurementReducing the European Central Bank's key policy rate by 25 basis points increases GDP in Finland by approximately 1% within a two-year horizon.
measurementIn Finland in 2016, while almost all households held deposits, only 41% of households held listed shares or shares in investment funds.
measurementThe value of households' net wealth increases in all net wealth quintiles in Finland following monetary stimulus, except for the bottom quintile where initial net wealth is on average zero.
measurementThe study analyzes the impact of a 25 basis point European Central Bank (ECB) policy rate reduction on Finnish macroeconomic variables, measured two years after the reduction.
claimLowering the European Central Bank's key policy rate by 25 basis points reduces unemployment and increases gross income within every income group in Finland.
claimIn Finland, the employment effects of monetary policy are more modest compared with large euro area countries, while the effects on household earnings are greater.
measurementApproximately 70% of Finnish households owned real estate property in 2016.
measurementIn Finland, real estate property comprised 66% of the total value of assets held by households in 2016.
measurementThe impact of monetary policy on income and wealth inequality is limited in Finland, with the Gini coefficient on gross income increasing by 0.05 percentage points and the Gini coefficient on net wealth increasing by 0.2 percentage points within two years after a reduction in the key policy rate.
referenceThe effects of the European Central Bank's monetary policy on economic growth and inflation in Finland are similar to those reported for large euro area member states by Lenza and Slacalek (2021).
measurementFollowing a 25 basis point reduction in the European Central Bank's key policy rate, unemployment declines most in the bottom income quintile in Finland, while gross income grows most in the upper income quintiles due to nominal wage increases.
measurementAccording to the 2016 Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) conducted by Statistics Finland, the wealthiest decile of households in Finland owned approximately 80% of listed shares and 60% of investment fund shares.
claimMonetary stimulus from the European Central Bank raises both housing and stock prices in Finland, with effects clearly larger on the stock market than the housing market.
claimAs a result of a European Central Bank policy rate decrease, net wealth increases the most in the second-poorest quintile of Finnish households because these households often have significant housing wealth but also large mortgages, and the nominal value of their debt remains constant.
Forms of Government: Change - What Is Economic Inequality? education.cfr.org Jun 9, 2025 4 facts
measurementAccording to the European Union, less than 7 percent of Finland's workers were considered low-paid in 2022, which is approximately half the rate for the entire European Union.
claimFinland was ranked the happiest country on earth for the eighth consecutive year in 2025, with experts attributing this to the country's history of equality.
measurementFinland had a Gini coefficient of 0.277 in 2021.
measurementIn 2022, the highest-earning decile of Finns earned approximately six times more than the lowest-earning decile.
Revision Notes - The role of government in reducing inequality | IB DP sparkl.me 2 facts
claimFinland utilizes universal basic income as a strategy to reduce inequality.
claimFinland's education system is characterized by equitable access, high-quality public schools, and minimal disparities between different socio-economic groups, serving as a model for reducing educational inequality.
Open-source software - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 1 fact
measurementThe countries with the highest number of open source software developers per capita in 2021 were, in descending order, Iceland, Switzerland, Norway, Sweden, and Finland.
Measurement of diets that are healthy, environmentally sustainable ... frontiersin.org 1 fact
referenceIrz et al. (2019) investigated what information should be communicated to consumers in Denmark, Finland, and France to promote climate-friendly diets.
Seasonal Changes of Serum Gonadotropins and Testosterone in ... frontiersin.org Jan 9, 2020 1 fact
measurementMartikainen et al. (34) studied 22 young men in Finland and detected no seasonality for testosterone, LH, or FSH.