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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Also known as: United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC
Facts (98)
Sources
Scientific consensus on climate change - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 16 facts
measurement63.5% of survey respondents agreed that IPCC reports estimated the impacts of temperature change exactly right, while 1.4% believed the reports strongly underestimated impacts and 2.5% believed they strongly overestimated impacts.
measurementBetween 1990 and 2023, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published six comprehensive assessment reports reviewing the latest climate science and 14 special reports on particular topics.
claimThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) presents reports summarizing the strength and extent of consensus on climate change and its various aspects to the member states of the United Nations.
measurementRegarding IPCC reports on sea level rise, 51.4% of survey respondents thought the reports were exactly right, 16% thought the reports overestimated the rise, and approximately 32.6% believed the reports underestimated the rise.
measurementA 2010 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America analyzed publication and citation data for 1,372 climate researchers and found that 97–98% of the most actively publishing climate researchers support the tenets of Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC) as outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
procedureThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) releases major reports at 5-to-7-year intervals, beginning in 1990.
claimIPCC reports have regularly increased their estimates of future sea level rise in response to newer research on the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica.
measurementA 2010 paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America found that 97–98% of the climate researchers most actively publishing in the field support the tenets of Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC) as outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
referenceEach Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report consists of four parts: a contribution from each of the three working groups and a synthesis report that integrates the working group contributions and any special reports produced in that assessment cycle.
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published 'Chapter 9: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change' as part of the Sixth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis.
claimThe IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (Working Group I, Summary for Policymakers) states that the best estimate of the human-induced contribution to warming is similar to the observed warming over the period covered by the report.
claimIn 2005, the science academies of Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States issued a joint statement referring to the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as the international scientific consensus and urged prompt action on climate change mitigation and adaptation.
measurementRegarding IPCC reports on sea level rise, 51.4% of survey respondents thought the reports were exactly right, about 16% thought the reports overestimated sea level rise, and the remaining third believed the reports underestimated sea level rise.
referenceThe IPCC's 2021 'Summary for Policymakers' in 'Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis' provides a comprehensive assessment of the physical science of climate change, authored by a large group of contributors including V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, and others, and published by Cambridge University Press.
accountIn 2001, science academies from 17 countries (Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Malaysia, New Zealand, Sweden, Trinidad, Turkey, and the United Kingdom) issued a joint statement endorsing the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
measurementRegarding IPCC reports, 63.5% of survey respondents agreed that the reports estimated the impacts of temperature change exactly right, while 1.4% believed they strongly underestimated impacts and 2.5% believed they strongly overestimated impacts.
Scientific Consensus - NASA Science science.nasa.gov Oct 21, 2024 12 facts
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published the Sixth Assessment Report, Working Group 1 in 2021.
quoteThe American Medical Association supports the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s fourth assessment report and concurs with the scientific consensus that the Earth is undergoing adverse global climate change and that anthropogenic contributions are significant.
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published the Fifth Assessment Report, Summary for Policymakers, section SPM 1 in 2014.
claimThe Geological Society of America concurs with assessments by the National Academies of Science (2005), the National Research Council (2011), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2013), and the U.S. Global Change Research Program (2014) that global climate has warmed in response to increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, and that human activities are the dominant cause of the rapid warming since the middle 1900s.
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published the Fifth Assessment Report, Summary for Policymakers, section SPM 1.1 in 2014.
quoteThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change states that the increase of CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere over the industrial era is the result of human activities and that human influence is the principal driver of many changes observed across the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and biosphere.
quoteThe Geological Society of America concurs with assessments by the National Academies of Science (2005), the National Research Council (2011), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2013), and the U.S. Global Change Research Program (2014) that global climate has warmed in response to increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, and that human activities are the dominant cause of the rapid warming since the middle 1900s.
quoteThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change asserts that since systematic scientific assessments began in the 1970s, the influence of human activity on the warming of the climate system has evolved from theory to established fact.
quoteThe American Medical Association supports the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s fourth assessment report and concurs with the scientific consensus that the Earth is undergoing adverse global climate change and that anthropogenic contributions are significant.
claimThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change states that it is unequivocal that the increase of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere over the industrial era is the result of human activities and that human influence is the principal driver of many changes observed across the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and biosphere.
claimThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) in 2017, and the USGCRP in 2018 indicate that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century.
claimThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2013), the U.S. Global Change Research Program (2017), and the U.S. Global Change Research Program (2018) indicate that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century.
Misleading U.S. Department of Energy climate report chooses bias ... science.feedback.org Aug 5, 2025 9 facts
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published 'Weather and Climate Extreme Events in a Changing Climate' in the report 'Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis'.
quoteThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) climate report states: “Substantive criticism of the main IPCC assessments of the role of CO2 in recent warming focus on inadequate assessment of natural climate variability, uncertainties in measurement of solar variability and in aerosol forcing, and problems in the statistical methods used for attribution.”
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) summarized that climate change has already affected food security due to warming, changing precipitation patterns, and the greater frequency of some extreme events, with high confidence.
perspectiveGonéri Le Cozannet, a researcher and IPCC AR6 co-author, claims that the U.S. Department of Energy report on sea level rise is a lazy analysis that ignores altimetry observations showing global sea level acceleration, ignores projections beyond 2050, and fails to examine climate change factors like thermal expansion and melting glaciers.
procedureThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports follow a rigorous process of scoping, drafting, and review.
quoteThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states: “Attributing such impacts to SLR [sea level rise], however, remains challenging due to the influence of other climate-related and non-climatic drivers such as infrastructure development and human-induced habitat degradation.”
perspectiveDelphine Deryng, a Lead Author of the IPCC AR6 WGII, states that while rising CO2 is beneficial to an extent, one must consider all direct and indirect aspects of its effect on climate change.
claimThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) found 'medium confidence' that hot and dry weather conditions have become more probable in the U.S. over the past century.
measurementThe most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report was written and reviewed by 743 experts.
Comprehensive Overview on the Present State and Evolution of ... link.springer.com Aug 9, 2024 8 facts
claimIPCC stands for Intergovernmental panel on climate change.
measurementThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report states that approximately 56% of the net energy accumulation in the climate system between 1971 and 2022 remains stored in the upper ocean (0–700 m), while approximately 35% is retained below 700 m.
claimThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) attributes the acceleration of sea level rise to a combination of heightened ice loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets.
referenceThe Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a detailed presentation of the current status and anticipated impacts of climate change and global warming worldwide.
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines climate forcing (radiative forcing) as an externally imposed perturbation in the Earth’s radiative energy budget caused by variations in solar radiation, Earth’s albedo, or atmospheric gases and aerosol particles.
accountThe United Nations introduced the first agenda on climate change under global environmental protection in 1988, following the establishment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme.
claimThe IPCC predicts that sea levels will continue to rise due to ongoing ice sheet melting and deep ocean warming, and that sea levels will remain high for thousands of years.
referenceLee, H.; Calvin, K.; Dasgupta, D.; Krinner, G.; Mukherji, A.; Thorne, P.; & Park, Y published 'IPCC, 2023: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report, Summary for Policymakers' for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2023).
ESS Subtopic 6.2: Climate change – Causes and Impacts mrgscience.com 8 facts
measurementThe IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (2021) reports that carbon dioxide concentrations have reached levels not seen in at least 2 million years, with current levels exceeding 400 ppm.
claimThe IPCC warns that unless CO2 emissions are reduced rapidly, global temperatures could exceed 2°C by the end of the century, which would cross critical planetary boundaries and lead to potentially catastrophic impacts.
referenceThe most widely used climate scenarios are the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) and the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), which are developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
claimThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) utilizes Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) as widely used scenarios for climate modeling.
measurementThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports that global temperatures have risen by approximately 1.1°C since the late 19th century, a trend directly linked to rising CO2 levels.
claimThe UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) produced a systems diagram illustrating the inputs, outputs, and relationships among human activities, climate change processes, climate characteristics, and threats to human populations and ecosystems.
referenceNASA's Sea Level Projection Tool provides maps and data of sea level rise projections based on different temperature scenarios, utilizing data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Sixth Assessment Report (2021).
claimThe IPCC asserts that human activities, primarily through fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, are unequivocally responsible for the increase in carbon dioxide concentrations.
Realist Review on Just Transition Towards Low Emission, Climate ... link.springer.com Jan 5, 2026 7 facts
measurementBetween 2010 and 2019, the unit costs of solar energy decreased by 85%, wind energy by 55%, and lithium-ion batteries by 85%, while deployment increased by over 10 times for solar energy and over 100 times for electric vehicles, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AR6 report.
measurementHuman activities have caused a 1.1 °C rise in global surface temperature since the pre-industrial era, according to the 2023 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report.
claimTo limit global warming to below 2 °C and pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, almost all electricity must be supplied by zero or low-carbon sources by 2050, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
measurementIn 2019, the energy sector was responsible for 34% of net global greenhouse gas emissions, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
measurementHuman activities have unequivocally caused global warming, resulting in a 1.1 °C rise in global surface temperature since the pre-industrial era, according to the 2023 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report.
measurementThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that global average temperatures will increase by 2.6 °C to 4.8 °C by the end of the twenty-first century if greenhouse gas emissions continue at current 'business as usual' rates.
claimThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports that extreme climate events, such as heat waves and floods, have limited the function of key global infrastructure.
How a major DOE report hides the whole truth on climate change politico.com Sep 27, 2025 7 facts
procedureThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) process involves nominating and vetting scientists for their expertise, who then spend years reviewing hundreds of studies to evaluate strengths and identify trends.
quoteCamille Parmesan, an ecologist at the National Scientific Research Institute of France and coordinating author for the IPCC, stated: “Wright’s claim that dissenting views are silenced is ‘at best preposterous and arrogant and at worst a deliberate ruse to undermine decades of rigorous science.’”
measurementThe most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) global assessment on climate change included 743 experts from around the world.
claimJim Kossin, a hurricane researcher and retired NOAA atmospheric scientist who served as a lead author for the IPCC, stated that the percentage of intense hurricanes has likely grown compared to the overall share of storms.
claimThe Department of Energy (DOE) report claims that climate change is not as dangerous as scientists assert, citing the IPCC as a source for this position.
measurementThe IPCC report section on climate impacts, adaptation, and vulnerabilities involved more than 270 reviewers, included 34,000 citations, and received over 62,000 comments.
claimThe Department of Energy (DOE) report authors suggest there is insufficient data to draw conclusions about the effects of climate change on hurricane intensity, citing the IPCC assessment but omitting a sentence that warns against assuming no link exists between rising temperatures and stronger storms.
How the “Scientific Consensus” on Global Warming Affects ... heritage.org Oct 26, 2010 6 facts
claimThe 2007 United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report served as a catalyst for lawmakers to implement regulations on traditional energy sources in favor of clean energy.
claimThe 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report served as a primary source for Al Gore's presentations to the U.S. Congress regarding climate change.
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published its first report in 1990, which stated that human activities, predominantly fossil fuel use, were warming the planet.
claimThe U.S. government relied on the 2007 United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report to justify the need to reduce anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published supplementary reports in 1992, 1995 (second report), and 2001 (third report), all presenting evidence that the planet’s surface was heating due to human activity.
claimGaffes exposed in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report have increased skepticism among businesses and the public regarding the necessity of sacrificing economic activity to reduce CO2 emissions.
Isn't there a lot of disagreement among climate scientists about ... climate.gov Feb 3, 2020 6 facts
measurementThe 2021 IPCC report received and responded to more than 78,000 expert and government review comments.
perspectiveSteven Sherwood (2011) argued for the credibility of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in an article titled 'Trust us, we're climate scientists: The case for the IPCC'.
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), founded by the United Nations in 1988, produces periodic assessment reports consisting of three volumes: one on the science, one on impacts, and one on mitigation.
claimThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was founded by the United Nations in 1988.
claimEvidence of observed changes in climate extremes, such as heatwaves, heavy precipitation, droughts, and tropical cyclones, and their attribution to human influence, has strengthened since the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's previous report.
procedureThe IPCC report creation process involves separate teams of experts reviewing and summarizing relevant research, followed by multiple iterations of expert and government review.
Global Warming: The Scientific Consensus climate.envsci.rutgers.edu 3 facts
referenceIPCC studies indicate that while there may be large regional increases and decreases in crop productivity due to global warming, there is currently no projected net large change in global food production.
accountAlan Robock served as a contributing author to 4 of the 11 chapters of the 1995 IPCC Working Group I report, including Chapter 8, 'Detection of Climate Change and Attribution of Causes.'
quoteThe 1995 IPCC Working Group I report states: "the balance of evidence suggests that there is a discernible human influence on global climate."
Department of Energy Issues Report Evaluating Impact of ... energy.gov Jul 30, 2025 2 facts
claimRoss McKitrick contributed to the 2006 National Academy of Sciences report on Surface Temperature Reconstructions, served as an expert reviewer for the last three IPCC Assessment Reports (Working Groups I and II), and testified before the U.S. Congress and committees of the Canadian House of Commons and Senate.
claimRoss McKitrick served as an expert reviewer for the three most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Reports for Working Groups I and II.
Dozens of scientists push back on 'fundamentally ... - ABC News abcnews.com Sep 3, 2025 2 facts
claimThe scientific consensus, as reflected in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments, finds that urbanization effects have a minimal to negligible impact on global warming trends.
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that human activities, principally through emissions of greenhouse gases, have unequivocally caused global warming.
The role of nuclear energy in mitigating climate change oecd-nea.org Dec 13, 2021 1 fact
referenceNEA analysis of over 90 pathways to net-zero emissions considered by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reveals that to limit global warming to no more than 1.5°C, installed nuclear energy capacity must triple to 1,160 gigawatts by 2050.
A review of climate change impacts on migration patterns of marine ... frontiersin.org Oct 25, 2024 1 fact
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2023) published a synthesis report summarizing the contributions of working groups I, II, and III to the sixth assessment report on climate change.
Designing Carbon Pricing Policies Across the Globe link.springer.com 1 fact
referenceKornek, Flachsland, Kardish, Levi, and Edenhofer (2020) published the article 'What is important for achieving 2°C? UNFCCC and IPCC expert perceptions on obstacles and response options for climate change mitigation' in the journal Climate Policy.
Navigating Tensions in Just Energy Transitions kleinmanenergy.upenn.edu Aug 20, 2025 1 fact
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published the 'Technical Summary' in the 2022 report 'Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change', which was a contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report.
Carbon Pricing for Inclusive Prosperity: The Role of Public Support econfip.org 1 fact
measurementThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimated that the appropriate global carbon price to limit warming to 2°C over pre-industrial levels is $40-$70/tCO2 in 2020, rising to $70-$105/tCO2 in 2030, as reported by Clarke et al. (2014).
Over 99.9% of the published science agrees: climate change is ... zmescience.com Oct 20, 2021 1 fact
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated in their Sixth Assessment report that it is “unequivocal” that human actions have warmed the atmosphere, ocean, and land.
How governments address climate change through carbon pricing ... discovery.researcher.life Apr 15, 2025 1 fact
claimThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states that global greenhouse gas emissions must fall by 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 to limit global warming to 1.5 °C, which is the goal established by the Paris Agreement.
Climate change: evidence and causes | Royal Society royalsociety.org 1 fact
referenceThe climate change projections presented by the Royal Society are based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5).
The Energy Department "Red Team" Critique of Greenhouse-Gas ... revkin.substack.com Jul 31, 2025 1 fact
claimThe authors of the Department of Energy report 'A critical review of impacts of greenhouse gas emissions on the U.S. climate' are known for challenging conclusions of the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and U.S. National Climate Assessments.
Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in ... iopscience.iop.org Oct 19, 2021 1 fact
claimThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) statements on climate change accurately reflect the overwhelming view of the international scientific community.
DOE reframes climate consensus as a debate - E&E News eenews.net Jul 31, 2025 1 fact
perspectiveSteven Koonin wanted to challenge the science behind the endangerment finding while highlighting uncertainties in established bodies of science, including the National Climate Assessment and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Health and environmental impacts of diets worldwide globalnutritionreport.org 1 fact
referenceThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published a special report in 2019 titled 'Climate Change and Land' covering climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems.