Knowledge Tree
wakefulness
Also known as: human wakefulness
Facts (37)
Sources
Extent and Health Consequences of Chronic Sleep Loss and ... - NCBI ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 6 facts
measurementThe Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research estimates that 50 to 70 million Americans chronically suffer from a disorder of sleep and wakefulness, which hinders daily functioning and adversely affects health and longevity.
referenceWisor et al. (2001) established that the dopaminergic system plays a role in stimulant-induced wakefulness.
referenceMorrell, Heywood, Moosavi, Guz, and Stevens demonstrated that unilateral focal lesions in the rostrolateral medulla affect chemosensitivity and breathing patterns during wakefulness, sleep, and exercise, as published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry in 1999.
measurementAn estimated 50 to 70 million Americans chronically suffer from a disorder of sleep and wakefulness, which hinders daily functioning and adversely affects health and longevity.
referenceG.S. Tune studied sleep and wakefulness in normal human adults in a 1968 study published in the British Medical Journal.
referenceMonti et al. (1988) observed that dopamine D-2 receptor agonists have biphasic effects on sleep and wakefulness in rats.
How Sleep Works: Understanding the Science of Sleep sleepfoundation.org Jul 8, 2025 6 facts
claimThe transition between wakefulness and sleep involves changes in thousands of neurons and a complex signaling system that generates specific physiological reactions in the body.
claimLight exposure is the primary influence on human circadian rhythms, promoting wakefulness during the day and sleepiness at night.
claimThe involvement of numerous brain regions in wakefulness and sleep stages demonstrates the biological complexity of sleep.
claimThe human body's energy expenditure is lower during sleep compared to wakefulness.
claimMultiple parts of the human brain are involved in producing hormones and chemicals that regulate sleep and wakefulness.
claimCaffeine promotes wakefulness by suppressing adenosine.
Science of Sleep: How is Sleep Regulated? sleep.hms.harvard.edu 5 facts
claimResearchers compare the neurological mechanism controlling rapid transitions between sleep and wakefulness to an electrical "flip-flop switch."
claimCaffeine helps maintain wakefulness by inhibiting the actions of adenosine.
claimTransitions between stable states of wakefulness and sleep occur in seconds.
claimAdenosine is a chemical that accumulates in the body during prolonged wakefulness and induces sleep by inhibiting wake-promoting neurons.
claimA powerful sleep drive builds up during prolonged wakefulness, which shifts the body's balance toward sleep.
Physiology, Sleep Stages - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - NIH ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 3 facts
claimNorepinephrine is released from norepinephrine-containing neurons of the locus coeruleus, which inhibits rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, promotes wakefulness, and communicates with the thalamus, hypothalamus, basal forebrain, and cortex.
claimREM sleep is associated with dreaming and is characterized by beta waves on an EEG, which are similar to brain waves during wakefulness.
claimThe reticular formation regulates the transition between sleep and wakefulness.
A Synergistic Workspace for Human Consciousness Revealed by ... elifesciences.org 3 facts
referenceThe study 'Thalamic dual control of sleep and wakefulness' published in Nature Neuroscience details the dual control mechanism of the thalamus regarding sleep and wakefulness.
claimIntegrated information in the human brain is reduced during anaesthesia compared to wakefulness.
referenceThe study 'Discovery of key whole-brain transitions and dynamics during human wakefulness and non-REM sleep' was published in Nature Communications (volume 10).
Why Sleep Matters: Consequences of Sleep Deficiency sleep.hms.harvard.edu 2 facts
measurementContinual wakefulness beyond approximately 16 hours generally leads to measurable changes in brain activity and alertness.
claimContinual wakefulness beyond approximately 16 hours leads to measurable changes in brain activity, as recorded by an electroencephalogram (EEG), which correspond to lower alertness and a propensity to sleep.
Why Is Sleep Important for Our Mental and Physical Health? insightspsychology.org Oct 29, 2024 2 facts
claimStage 1 NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement) sleep is the transition phase from wakefulness to sleep characterized by body relaxation and slowing brain waves.
claimREM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep is characterized by brain activity resembling wakefulness and temporary body paralysis to prevent acting out dreams.
(PDF) On the function of consciousness - an adaptationist perspective academia.edu 1 fact
referenceThe dual-aspect-dual-mode framework of consciousness, based on neuroscience, consists of four components: (1) dual-aspect primal entities; (2) neural-Darwinism, which involves the co-evolution and co-development of subjective experiences and associated neural-nets from the mental aspect and the material aspect of fundamental entities, cotuning via sensorimotor interaction; (3) matching and selection processes involving the interaction of the non-tilde mode (cognitive feedback signals) and the tilde mode (feed forward signals from external and internal input); and (4) the necessary ingredients of subjective experiences, such as wakefulness, attention, re-entry, working memory, and stimulus at or above threshold level.
Conflicting States of Consciousness: Exploring Psilocin and Sleep psychedelicreview.com May 25, 2022 1 fact
claimMice cycle through distinct stages of wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, similar to humans.
Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption dovepress.com May 19, 2017 1 fact
claimBrain activity decreases from wakefulness during NREM sleep, whereas during REM sleep, brain activity levels are similar to wakefulness, except for increases in motor and sensory areas.
From Giants to Jellyfish: The Evolution of Sleep Across Species bsj.studentorg.berkeley.edu Jan 1, 2025 1 fact
perspectiveAn ongoing hypothesis in sleep science suggests that sleep was the original state of being for animals, and that wakefulness and the brain emerged later in the evolutionary tree.
Functions and Mechanisms of Sleep - AIMS Press aimspress.com Jan 25, 2016 1 fact
referenceSaper, Chou, and Scammell (2001) published 'The sleep switch: hypothalamic control of sleep and wakefulness' in Trends in Neurosciences, which describes the hypothalamic control mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness.
Why Sleep Is Important for Brain Health - American Brain Foundation americanbrainfoundation.org Mar 16, 2022 1 fact
claimSensors in consumer technology devices monitor heart rate, body temperature, and activity levels to predict sleep versus wakefulness, and some newer algorithms can distinguish between light and deep sleep.
The New Field of Network Physiology: Building the Human ... frontiersin.org 1 fact
claimLioi et al. (2017) show that directional connectivity in the electroencephalogram (EEG) can discriminate between wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.
Consciousness | Springer Nature Link link.springer.com Mar 29, 2017 1 fact
claimConsciousness is often defined more narrowly as a level of arousal, wakefulness, alertness, responsiveness, and adaptability, specifically in contrast to states of coma or sleep.
Classification Schemes of Altered States of Consciousness - ORBi orbi.uliege.be 1 fact
referenceKay and Martin (1978) studied the effects of LSD and tryptamine on sleep/wakefulness and electrocorticogram patterns in intact cats, published in Psychopharmacology.
Consciousness (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2025 ... plato.stanford.edu Jun 18, 2004 1 fact
claimWakefulness is a sense of creature consciousness where an organism is considered conscious only if it is awake and normally alert, rather than merely possessing the capacity or disposition to be so.