Knowledge Tree
rationality
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Self-Consciousness - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 13, 2017 8 facts
claimSydney Shoemaker's proposed connection between self-awareness and rationality is intended to apply only to cases of belief revision that qualify as exercises in rational investigation.
claimHilary Kornblith and Doris (2015) express skepticism regarding the claim that there is a constitutive connection between self-consciousness and rationality.
referenceBaron Reed authored the paper 'Self-Knowledge and Rationality', published in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research in 2010.
claimNon-reflective creatures are considered by some theorists to lack the capacity for fully rational deliberation because they lack self-consciousness, even if they possess some degree of rationality.
claimSelf-awareness is a necessary condition of rationality, which is defined as the capacity for critical reasoning or practical deliberation.
claimRationalist accounts of self-knowledge, notably those by Tyler Burge and Richard Moran, posit a necessary connection between the requirements of rationality and self-awareness.
claimSeveral philosophers, including Shoemaker (1988, 1994), Burge (1996), Moran (2001), Bilgrami (2006), and Boyle (2009, 2011), have argued that rationality requires self-knowledge, which implies self-consciousness.
claimHilary Kornblith expresses skepticism regarding the role of self-consciousness in rationality, a position discussed by Pust (2014), M. Williams (2015), and Smithies (2016).
Epistemology - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 7 facts
claimRationality encompasses both a theoretical side, which covers beliefs, and a practical side, which covers decisions, intentions, and actions.
claimOne conception of rationality holds that a mental state is rational if it is based on or responsive to good reasons.
claimBayesian epistemology represents beliefs as degrees of certainty and uses probability theory to formally define norms of rationality governing how certain people should be.
claimEpistemologists use epistemic norms as criteria to assess the cognitive quality of beliefs, such as their justification and rationality.
referenceAlfred R. Mele and Piers Rawling authored the introduction 'Aspects of Rationality' in 'The Oxford Handbook of Rationality', published by Oxford University Press in 2004.
claimRationality is closely related to justification, and the terms 'rational belief' and 'justified belief' are sometimes used interchangeably.
referenceBenjamin Kiesewetter authored the article 'Rationality as Reasons-Responsiveness', published in the Australasian Philosophical Review in 2020, volume 4, issue 4.
Naturalized Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 5, 2001 6 facts
claimJaegwon Kim argues that Willard Van Orman Quine's naturalized epistemology studies a different topic than traditional epistemology, specifically shifting focus from questions of rationality, justification, and knowledge to the causal connections between sensory evidence and beliefs.
quote"Simply asserting that [certain rules] unfold our conception of rationality will be beside the crucial point."
claimPhilip Kitcher argues that if inductive principles are specific and license particular inferences, they are likely contingent and cannot be justified by a priori or armchair methods, contradicting philosophers who claim they are necessary consequences of the concept of rationality.
claimPeter Strawson proposed that adopting specific inductive practices and principles is constitutive of our concept of rationality.
claimTraditional epistemology focuses on questions of rationality, justification, and whether an epistemic support relation holds between basic evidence and beliefs about the world.
quote"why should we treat our current concept of rationality as privileged?"
Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Dec 14, 2005 2 facts
perspectiveProponents of the extensionist view of social epistemology maintain that knowledge and justified belief are linked to truth and that objective norms of rationality exist.
perspectiveProponents of the radical approach to social epistemology reject the existence of objective norms of rationality.
Epistemology of Testimony | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 2 facts
claimThe epistemology of testimonially-based belief concerns the epistemic status of a subject's belief, specifically evaluating whether the belief is justified, rational, warranted, supported by evidence, or constitutes knowledge.
quoteTyler Burge states in his 1993 work: "We are a priori entitled to accept something that is prima facie intelligible and presented as true. For prima facie intelligible propositional contents prima facie presented as true bear an a priori prima facie conceptual relation to a rational source of true presentations-as-true: Intelligible propositional expressions presuppose rational abilities and entitlement; so intelligible presentations-as-true come prima facie backed by a rational source or resource of reason; and both the content of intelligible propositional presentations-as-true and the prima facie rationality of their source indicate a prima facie source of truth. Intelligible affirmation is the face of reason; reason is a guide to truth. We are a priori prima facie entitled to take intelligible affirmation at face value."
Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Dec 14, 2005 2 facts
perspectiveProponents of the view that social epistemology is an extension of traditional epistemology believe that knowledge and justified belief are linked to truth and that objective norms of rationality exist.
perspectiveProponents of the radical approach to social epistemology reject the existence of objective norms of rationality and deny that the goal of intellectual and scientific activities is to find facts.
Evolutionary psychology - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 2 facts
claimCharles Darwin argued that human intellect, rationality, sexual behaviour, emotional expressions, moral behaviour, language, culture, and conscience originated due to natural selection operating in social animals through group selection, kin selection, and reciprocal altruism.
claimCharles Darwin studied the evolutionary origins of human intellect, rationality, sexual behaviour, emotional expressions, moral behaviour, language, culture, and conscience.
The cross-cultural study of mind and behaviour: a word of caution link.springer.com Apr 8, 2022 1 fact
claimThe 'West-and-the-rest' dichotomization concept of culture characterizes cultures using dualities such as individualism/collectivism, egalitarianism/hierarchy, and rationality/irrationality.
Something Rich and Strange: Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941 ... smuralis.wordpress.com Apr 16, 2012 1 fact
claimAmartya Sen noted that Rabindranath Tagore admired Mahatma Gandhi but disagreed with him on topics including nationalism, patriotism, cultural exchange, the role of rationality and science, and the nature of economic and social development.
Social Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Aug 28, 2019 1 fact
claimFormal epistemologists focus on questions related to ideal belief creation and rationality, whereas formal social epistemologists focus on explaining real human behavior and designing knowledge-creation systems.
Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Dec 14, 2005 1 fact
referenceTom Kelly's 2005 essay 'The Epistemic Significance of Disagreement' discusses how disagreement between individuals affects the rationality of their beliefs.
Epistemic Justification – Introduction to Philosophy: Epistemology press.rebus.community 1 fact
claimThe distinctive epistemic standard pertains to rationality with respect to the truth.
Social Epistemology - Open Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science oecs.mit.edu Jul 24, 2024 1 fact
perspectiveConciliationists argue that norms of rationality require individuals to update their credence when presented with disconfirmatory evidence from an epistemic peer.
Social Epistemology – Introduction to Philosophy - Rebus Press press.rebus.community 1 fact
claimThe epistemology of disagreement focuses on determining the epistemically rational response to discovering that another person disagrees with one's own beliefs.
Virtue Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 9, 1999 1 fact
referenceChristopher Hookway examined themes from Charles Sanders Peirce, including truth, rationality, and pragmatism, in his 2000 book.