Knowledge Tree
probiotics
Also known as: probiotic, prebiotics, probiotic bacteria
Facts (32)
Sources
Immunity In Depth | Linus Pauling Institute lpi.oregonstate.edu 25 facts
claimCommon examples of probiotics include species belonging to Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, which are consumed in yogurt and other fermented foods.
claimProbiotics influence immunity through mechanisms including maintaining the antimicrobial barrier, producing metabolic products that inhibit pathogen growth and influence host immune cell activity, and competing with pathogenic bacteria for resources.
referenceP. Yaqoob published 'Ageing, immunity and influenza: a role for probiotics?' in the Proceedings of the Nutrition Society in 2014.
perspectiveScientific evidence is currently too weak to advocate for the use of probiotics to reduce respiratory infections or improve vaccination response, particularly in the elderly.
referenceM. de Vrese and J. Schrezenmeir published 'Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics' in Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology in 2008.
claimThe effects of probiotics on the immune system depend on the specific strain, dose, route, and frequency of delivery.
claimProbiotics strengthen the gut epithelial barrier by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting the survival of intestinal epithelial cells.
claimProbiotics mediate immune effects by altering cell-signaling cascades that modify the expression of cytokines and other proteins.
referenceN.P. West, D.B. Pyne, J.M. Peake, and A.W. Cripps published 'Probiotics, immunity and exercise: a review' in Exercise Immunology Review in 2009.
claimProbiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in sufficient amounts, benefit the overall health of the host.
referenceA.T. Vieira, M.M. Teixeira, and F.S. Martins published 'The role of probiotics and prebiotics in inducing gut immunity' in Frontiers in Immunology in 2013.
referenceR. Pattani, V.A. Palda, S.W. Hwang, and P.S. Shah published 'Probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infection among hospitalized patients: systematic review and meta-analysis' in Open Medicine in 2013.
measurementA 2013 systematic review and meta-analysis of hospitalized adults (ages 33 to 79 years) found that co-administration of probiotics with antibiotics significantly reduced antibiotic-associated diarrhea (RR: 0.61) and Clostridium difficile infection (RR: 0.37) compared to placebo.
referenceJ.Z. Goldenberg, S.S. Ma, J.D. Saxton, et al. published 'Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children' in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in 2013.
referenceP.M. Sherman, J.C. Ossa, and K. Johnson-Henry published 'Unraveling mechanisms of action of probiotics' in Nutrition in Clinical Practice in 2009.
claimIngested probiotics that survive digestion can transiently inhabit the lower part of the human gastrointestinal tract.
claimProbiotics modulate immune functions by interacting with receptors on intestinal epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and M-cells.
claimProbiotics benefit both innate and adaptive immune responses in the host.
measurementIn the 2013 Cochrane review, the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) was 2.0% in the probiotic group compared to 5.5% in the placebo or no treatment control group.
claimRegular consumption of probiotics is required for immune modulation because probiotics do not permanently alter intestinal microflora.
referenceF.M. Ruemmele, D. Bier, P. Marteau, et al. published 'Clinical evidence for immunomodulatory effects of probiotic bacteria' in the Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition in 2009.
claimProbiotics stimulate the production of antibodies and T lymphocytes, which are critical components of the adaptive immune response.
measurementA 2013 Cochrane review of 23 randomized controlled trials reported that probiotics reduce the risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) by 64% in participants taking antibiotics.
referenceA.T. Borchers, C. Selmi, F.J. Meyers, C.L. Keen, and M.E. Gershwin published 'Probiotics and immunity' in the Journal of Gastroenterology in 2009.
referenceM.B. Roberfroid published 'Prebiotics and probiotics: are they functional foods?' in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2000.
Medicinal plants: bioactive compounds, biological activities ... frontiersin.org 4 facts
claimNatural immunostimulants, including probiotics and traditional Chinese medicines, are used as animal feed additives to manage Salmonella pullorum infections due to their lack of chemical residues and environmentally favorable characteristics.
referenceHasna et al. (2023) conducted an in vitro and in vivo study on the combined effects of Algerian medicinal plants and probiotics against Helicobacter pylori.
referenceKrawczyk B, Wityk P, Gałęcka M, and Michalik M published 'The many faces of Enterococcus spp.-commensal, probiotic and opportunistic pathogen' in the journal Microorganisms in 2021 (Volume 9, Issue 1900).
referenceAlshafei et al. (2023) studied the prophylactic supplementation of microencapsulated Boswellia serrata and probiotic bacteria in rats with metabolic syndrome.
What Are The Global Impacts of The Western Diet On Health? rupahealth.com 1 fact
claimProbiotics are beneficial microbes that support a balanced microbiome and gut health, potentially aiding in digestion, reducing inflammation, and enhancing metabolic processes.
Cellular senescence: from homeostasis to pathological implications ... frontiersin.org 1 fact
referenceThe article 'Probiotic: effectiveness nutrition in cancer treatment and prevention' was published in Nutricion Hospitalaria in 2016 (Volume 33, pages 1430–7).
History of modern nutrition science—implications for current ... bmj.com Jun 13, 2018 1 fact
claimEmerging research priorities in nutrition science include determining optimal dietary composition to reduce obesity, studying interactions between prebiotics, probiotics, fermented foods, and gut microbiota, analyzing the effects of specific bioactives like fatty acids and flavonoids, advancing personalized nutrition, and investigating the influence of place and social status on health disparities.