Knowledge Tree
monocyte
Also known as: monocytes
Facts (41)
Sources
Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Overview | Thermo Fisher Scientific - US thermofisher.com 10 facts
referenceIL-12 is classified as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is produced by T cells, macrophages, and monocytes, binds to the CD212 receptor, targets NK cells, macrophages, and tumor cells, and functions in activating NK cells, phagocyte cell activation, endotoxic shock, tumor cytotoxicity, and cachexia.
claimIL-6 is produced by monocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, and upon stimulation, it is secreted by macrophages, T cells, B cells, mast cells, glial cells, eosinophils, keratinocytes, and granulocytes.
claimBinding events at the site of infection increase local levels of IL-1β and IL-8, which recruit macrophages and monocytes to remove apoptotic cell fragments.
claimIn the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the cytokines IL-12 and IL-8 enhance IFN-γ production, which attracts monocytes and T lymphocytes, but not neutrophils, to induce apoptosis and eliminate infected cells.
claimIL-1β is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine induced primarily by lymphocytes, macrophages, and monocytes in response to microbial molecules.
claimIL-1Ra is secreted by neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, and hepatocytes to decrease inflammation.
referenceGM-CSF is classified as an adaptive immunity cytokine, is produced by T cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts, binds to CD116 and CDw131 receptors, targets stem cells, and functions in the growth and differentiation of monocytes and the production of eosinophils and granulocytes.
referenceIL-18 is classified as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells, binds to the CD218a (IL-18Ra) receptor, targets monocytes and T cells, and functions in recruiting monocytes and T lymphocytes, synergizing with IL-12 to induce IFN-gamma production, and inhibiting angiogenesis.
referenceIL-17 is classified as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is produced by Th17 cells, binds to the IL-17R receptor, targets monocytes and neutrophils, and functions in recruiting monocytes and neutrophils to the site of infection and activating downstream cytokines and chemokines including IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-21, TNF-beta, and MCP-1.
claimInterleukin-37 (IL-37/IL-1F7) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by B-cells, NK cells, and monocytes that binds to CD218a (IL-18Ra) and potentially SIGGR, and is believed to act as a negative regulator inside the cell by interacting with SMAD3 activated downstream of TGFβ activity.
The immune system and primary immunodeficiency primaryimmune.org 7 facts
claimMonocytes are closely related to neutrophils and circulate in the bloodstream.
claimPrimary immunodeficiencies result from a defect in one or more elements or functions of the normal immune system, such as T cells, B cells, NK cells, neutrophils, monocytes, antibodies, cytokines, or the complement system.
claimMonocytes become macrophages when they leave the bloodstream and enter tissues, changing their shape and size.
claimThe most common cells of the immune system are lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, and NK cells), neutrophils, and monocytes/macrophages, all of which are types of white blood cells.
claimMonocytes line the walls of blood vessels in organs like the liver and spleen to capture microorganisms passing through the blood.
measurementMonocytes are white blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and make up 5 to 10% of the total white blood cell count.
measurementMonocytes make up 5 to 10% of white blood cells.
Immunity In Depth | Linus Pauling Institute lpi.oregonstate.edu 6 facts
claimMonocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils are key immune cells that engulf and digest invading microorganisms through a process known as phagocytosis.
referenceMuller K, Heilmann C, Poulsen LK, Barington T, and Bendtzen K published 'The role of monocytes and T cells in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 mediated inhibition of B cell function in vitro' in Immunopharmacology in 1991 (volume 21, issue 2, pages 121-128), examining the role of monocytes and T cells in the inhibition of B cell function by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
claimMonocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils express surface receptors that identify pattern recognition receptors unique to pathogenic microorganisms but conserved across several families of pathogens.
claimThe vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in several types of immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and activated T cells.
referenceHuman peripheral blood mononuclear cells possess high-affinity receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, specifically in monocytes, and these receptors are induced in T lymphocytes following activation, according to a 1983 study in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.
measurementIn a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 46 healthy older adults (ages 55 to 75 years), daily supplementation with 720 mg of EPA and 280 mg of DHA for 12 weeks had no effect on the numbers of neutrophils, monocytes, or macrophages, nor did it affect respiratory burst or the production of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.
How the Immune System Works with Primary Immunodeficiency igcares.com 4 facts
claimThe innate immune system relies on cells that require no additional training to function, including neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and complement proteins.
claimThe spleen is a collection of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and monocytes that filters the blood and provides a site for immune system cells and organisms to interact.
claimMonocytes are phagocytic cells found in the bloodstream that develop into macrophages when they migrate to tissues.
claimThe immune system consists of white blood cells categorized as lymphocytes (T-cells, B-cells, and NK cells), neutrophils, and monocytes/macrophages.
3. The Innate Immune System - Immunopaedia immunopaedia.org.za 3 facts
claimMonocytes originate in the bone marrow and are continuously released into the blood.
claimMonocytes differentiate into macrophages after being recruited by chemotactic molecules and leaving the circulation.
claimMononuclear phagocytes (monocytes and macrophages) and neutrophils are phagocytic cells involved in the clearance of inert particles and microbial agents.
The components of the immune system - Immunobiology - NCBI - NIH ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 2 facts
The Role of Immune Cells in Inflammation jmolpat.com 2 facts
claimMonocytes differentiate into macrophages, which are responsible for phagocytosing and clearing cellular debris and dead cells, producing cytokines and chemokines, and promoting tissue repair.
claimAs the acute phase of inflammation progresses, monocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils are recruited to the site of injury or infection.
Understanding the Stages of Wound Healing healogics.com 2 facts
What are Cytokines? Types & Function - Cleveland Clinic my.clevelandclinic.org Jan 3, 2023 2 facts
Comparison of Traditional Indigenous Diet and Modern Industrial ... isom.ca Feb 26, 2024 1 fact
claimMammals that synthesize their own Ascorbic Acid (AA) have the highest concentrations in the adrenals, pituitary, brain, liver, lung, and thyroid, while humans have the highest concentrations in lymphocytes, monocytes, pituitary, adrenals, eye lens, and brain.
Overview of the Immune System - Merck Manuals merckmanuals.com 1 fact
claimThe category of white blood cells known as phagocytes includes macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells.
Wound Healing Phases - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1 fact
claimInflammatory cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, and endothelial cells, adhere to a fibrin scaffold formed by platelet activation.