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justified belief
Also known as: justified beliefs
Facts (54)
Sources
Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Dec 14, 2005 14 facts
claimExternalists argue that animals and small children possess knowledge and justified beliefs, which they claim cannot be justified in the way evidentialists conceive of justification.
claimThe regress argument concludes that if justified beliefs exist, there must be basic beliefs that do not derive their justification from other beliefs.
claimEpistemology is defined narrowly as the study of knowledge and justified belief.
claimFoundationalism posits that justified beliefs are structured like a building, consisting of a foundation of basic beliefs and a superstructure of nonbasic beliefs that rely on the foundation for justification.
claimThe regress argument for foundationalism posits that for any justified belief (B1), if it is not basic, it must be justified by another belief (B2), which in turn requires justification, leading to an infinite chain or a loop unless the chain terminates in a basic belief.
perspectiveProponents of the view that social epistemology is an extension of traditional epistemology believe that knowledge and justified belief are linked to truth and that objective norms of rationality exist.
formulaDoxastic Basicality (DB) defines a subject's justified belief that p as basic if and only if the belief that p is justified without owing its justification to any of the subject's other beliefs.
claimExperiential foundationalism combines two crucial ideas: (i) when a justified belief is basic, its justification is not owed to any other belief; (ii) what in fact justifies basic beliefs are experiences.
formulaEpistemic Basicality (EB) defines a subject's justified belief that p as basic if and only if the subject's justification for believing that p does not depend on any justification the subject possesses for believing a further proposition, q.
claimEvidentialists define justified belief as the possession of evidence, where possessing evidence is defined as being in a mental state that represents a proposition as being true.
claimEpistemology as the study of justified belief addresses the concept of justification, what makes beliefs justified, and whether justification is internal or external to the mind.
claimA prominent objection to coherentism is that it fails to ensure that a justified belief system is in contact with reality, a critique derived from the fact that fiction can be perfectly coherent.
claimSocial epistemology is defined as the study of knowledge and justified belief as they are positioned within a particular social and historical context.
claimDoxastic Coherentism asserts that every justified belief receives its justification from other beliefs located within its epistemic neighborhood.
Epistemology | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 10 facts
claimThe regress argument in epistemology posits that there are two kinds of justified beliefs: basic beliefs, which begin a series of justified beliefs, and non-basic beliefs, which are based on other justified beliefs.
claimThe regress problem in epistemology identifies three potential structures for justified beliefs: the series of justified beliefs continues infinitely, the series of justified beliefs circles back to its beginning, or the series of justified beliefs begins with an unjustified belief.
claimThe regress problem identifies four possible structures for the series of justified beliefs: the series continues infinitely, the series circles back to its beginning, the series terminates in a foundational belief, or the series begins with an unjustified belief.
claimThe 'regress problem' in epistemology arises from the requirement that a justified belief must be based on another justified belief, potentially leading to an infinite chain of justification.
claimJustified beliefs are presumably more likely to be true than unjustified beliefs.
claimThe indistinguishability skeptic argues that human senses can only convey how things appear, not how they actually are, necessitating the use of reason to bridge the gap to justified beliefs about reality.
accountIn the clock example provided by the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, an individual forms a justified belief about the time by looking at a stopped clock that happens to show the correct time, illustrating that justified true belief can involve luck and fall short of knowledge.
claimJustified beliefs are defined as those resulting from cognitive processes that regularly achieve a match between the mind and the world.
claimJustified beliefs are presumably more likely to be true than unjustified beliefs.
claimFoundationalism is a view of the structure of justified belief that entails an asymmetrical relationship between beliefs, where if belief A is based on belief B, then belief B cannot be based on belief A.
Epistemic Justification – Introduction to Philosophy: Epistemology press.rebus.community 9 facts
claimInfinitism is the view that every justified belief is justified by an infinite number of appropriately structured, available reasons.
claimCoherentists conceptualize the structure of justified beliefs as a spider web where nodes are mutually supported by the whole structure, rather than a pyramid supported by a foundation.
claimFoundationalists argue that a person’s justified beliefs possess a foundational structure, where foundational beliefs support non-foundational beliefs, similar to a house or pyramid.
claimVirtue reliabilism is the view that justified beliefs are produced by reliable cognitive faculties of persons, such as perception, memory, intuition, and introspection.
claimExternalists claim their theories explain the truth-conduciveness of justification, asserting that justified beliefs are objectively likely to be true because they are more often true than false.
claimProcess reliabilism is the view that justified beliefs are beliefs produced by a reliable process type.
claimInfinitism is a theory of justification that posits that the structure of justification is neither foundationalist nor coherentist, but rather consists of an infinite number of appropriately structured, available reasons upon which a justified belief rests.
claimEvidentialists typically agree that epistemic justification is truth-conducive, meaning that a person’s justified beliefs are probably true given the person’s overall evidence.
claimVirtue responsibilism argues that justified beliefs are the result of intellectually virtuous character traits.
Epistemology of Testimony | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 4 facts
claimPeter Graham (2006) is lenient regarding "pro tanto" justification for testimonially-based beliefs but demanding regarding whether a subject has sufficient pro tanto justification to possess a justified belief.
claimA common objection to imposing high epistemic demands on testimonially-based beliefs is that such demands would disqualify many cases that are intuitively considered knowledge or justified belief.
claimGreen claims that the fact that an information-obtaining faculty is operated by a person should not change how that source produces justified beliefs and knowledge.
claimChristopher Green argues that the fact that a faculty for obtaining information is operated by a person should not fundamentally change how that source produces justified beliefs and knowledge.
Epistemology - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 3 facts
claimJustification does not guarantee truth, as a person can form a justified belief that is false based on strong but misleading evidence.
claimRationality is closely related to justification, and the terms 'rational belief' and 'justified belief' are sometimes used interchangeably.
claimA common view in epistemology holds that a person has a justified belief if they possess sufficient reasons or supporting information for that belief.
Naturalistic Epistemology | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 3 facts
claimThe debate between internalists and externalists in epistemology concerns whether factors other than mental states contribute to the justification of beliefs.
claimThe investigation of commonly used cognitive processes can reveal that these processes are not reliable or do not produce justified beliefs.
perspectiveAlvin Goldman supports externalism regarding the justification of beliefs.
Epistemology (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2019 Edition) plato.stanford.edu Dec 14, 2005 2 facts
claimEpistemology is defined narrowly as the study of knowledge and justified belief, and broadly as the study of issues concerning the creation and dissemination of knowledge in particular areas of inquiry.
claimEvidentialists assert that justified beliefs are justified because of the possession of evidence.
Virtue Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 9, 1999 2 facts
Epistemological Problems of Testimony plato.stanford.edu Apr 1, 2021 2 facts
claimThe disjunctive account of testimony captures both the intentional act performed by a speaker and the sense in which testimony serves as a source of knowledge and justified belief regardless of the speaker's original intent.
claimReductionists define the condition for justified belief in testimony as follows: a hearer is justified in believing a speaker if and only if the hearer has positive reasons to believe the testimony is reliable (where these reasons are not based on testimony) and the hearer possesses no undefeated defeaters indicating the testimony is false or unlikely to be true.
What Is Epistemology? Pt. 3: The Nature of Justification and Belief philosimplicity.com Oct 23, 2017 1 fact
claimInfinitism implies skepticism because if human cognition cannot comprehend infinite reasoning, then complete justified beliefs cannot exist.
Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Dec 14, 2005 1 fact
perspectiveProponents of the extensionist view of social epistemology maintain that knowledge and justified belief are linked to truth and that objective norms of rationality exist.
Understanding epistemology and its key approaches in research cefcambodia.com Jan 21, 2023 1 fact
referenceThe Oxford English Dictionary defines epistemology as the theory of knowledge and understanding, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope, and the distinction between justified belief and opinion.
Virtue epistemology - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 1 fact
perspectiveJohn Greco argues that knowledge and justified belief are grounded in stable and reliable cognitive character, which includes both natural cognitive faculties and acquired habits of thought.
Naturalized Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 5, 2001 1 fact
claimThe recursive nature of defining evidence through justified beliefs does not inherently invalidate the naturalistic status of the evidentialist definition of justification.