concept

granulosa cells

Also known as: human granulosa cells, granulosa cell

Facts (36)

Sources

The Normal Menstrual Cycle and the Control of Ovulation - NCBI - NIH ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Feingold KR, Adler RA, Ahmed SF · National Center for Biotechnology Information Aug 5, 2018 34 facts

claimFollicular fluid contains various substances, including steroids, pituitary hormones, plasma proteins, proteoglycans, and non-steroidal ovarian factors, which regulate the ovarian microenvironment and steroidogenesis in granulosa cells.

claimThe increase in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor numbers is caused by an increase in the population of granulosa cells rather than an increase in the concentration of FSH receptors per granulosa cell.

claimThe rise in estradiol secretion appears to increase the total number of estradiol receptors on granulosa cells.

claimFSH activates the aromatase enzyme in granulosa cells, which converts androgens to estrogen.

claimIn response to angiogenic factors secreted by granulosa and thecal cells, the basal lamina of the corpus luteum dissolves and capillaries invade the granulosa layer.

claimFSH activates the aromatase enzyme in granulosa cells, which converts androgens to estrogen.

claimFollicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) receptors are located exclusively on the membranes of granulosa cells.

referenceHillier S.G. et al. published a study in 1980 in the journal J Clin Endocrinol Metab titled 'Intraovarian sex steroid hormone interactions and the regulation of follicular maturation: aromatization of androgens by human granulosa cells in vitro', which discusses the regulation of follicular maturation.

claimAnti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), which is produced by granulosa cells, is believed to play a role in the selection of the dominant follicle.

claimThe corpus luteum consists of at least two cell types: large cells, which are derived from granulosa cells, and small cells, which are thought to be derived from thecal cells.

claimIn the human ovary, LH receptors are located on theca cells during all stages of the menstrual cycle, whereas they are not present on granulosa cells.

claimThe luteinizing hormone (LH) surge stimulates the luteinization of granulosa cells and the synthesis of progesterone, which is responsible for the midcycle follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) surge.

claimIncreasing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels during the late luteal phase lead to an increase in the number of FSH receptors and an increase in estradiol secretion by granulosa cells.

claimIn the presence of estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the formation of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors on granulosa cells, allowing for the secretion of small quantities of progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), which may exert a positive feedback on the estrogen-primed pituitary to augment LH release.

measurementEach granulosa cell has approximately 1500 follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors by the secondary stage of follicular development, and this number remains relatively constant for the remainder of development.

claimAfter ovulation, remaining granulosa cells enlarge, become vacuolated, and accumulate a yellow pigment called lutein, combining with theca-lutein cells and stroma to form the corpus luteum.

claimThe rise in estradiol secretion appears to increase the total number of estradiol receptors on the granulosa cells.

referenceAmsterdam A. and Rotmensch S. published a study in 1987 in the journal Endocr.Rev. titled 'Structure-function relationships during granulosa cell differentiation', which examines the biological processes of granulosa cells.

claimThe number of granulosa cells formed during the follicular phase and the amount of readily available LDL cholesterol may play a role in steroid regulation by the corpus luteum.

claimFollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors exist exclusively on the granulosa cell membranes.

referenceErickson G.F., Wang C., and Hsueh A.J. published a study in 1979 in the journal Nature titled 'FSH induction of functional LH receptors in granulosa cells cultured in a chemically defined medium', which details the induction of luteinizing hormone receptors by follicle-stimulating hormone.

referenceZeleznik A.J., Midgley A.R. Jr, and Reichert L.E. Jr. published a study in 1974 in the journal Endocrinology titled 'Granulosa cell maturation in the rat: increased binding of human chorionic gonadotropin following treatment with follicle-stimulating hormone in vivo', which explores hormonal interactions in granulosa cells.

claimSpontaneous luteinization of granulosa cells can occur in the absence of luteinizing hormone (LH), suggesting that inhibitory factors like oocyte maturation inhibitor or luteinization inhibitor are overcome at ovulation.

claimAfter puberty, primordial follicles enlarge and develop into preantral follicles, which are surrounded by several layers of granulosa cells and theca cells.

claimElevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels at midcycle are thought to free the oocyte from follicular attachments, stimulate plasminogen activator, and increase granulosa cell luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors.

referenceThe two-cell, two-gonadotropin hypothesis of regulation of estrogen synthesis in the human ovary states that LH stimulates theca cells to produce androstenedione, which is then transported to granulosa cells where it is aromatized to estrone and converted to estradiol by 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I.

claimSpontaneous luteinization of granulosa cells can occur in the absence of luteinizing hormone (LH), leading to the hypothesis that inhibitory factors like oocyte maturation inhibitor or luteinization inhibitor are overcome at ovulation.

claimPrimordial follicles in the human ovary are surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells and are arrested in the diplotene stage of the first meiotic division.

claimGranulosa cells of the growing follicle secrete a variety of peptides that may play an autocrine or paracrine role in inhibiting the development of adjacent follicles.

claimAnti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), which is produced by granulosa cells, is believed to play a role in the selection of the dominant follicle.

claimThe basal lamina dissolves and capillaries invade the granulosa layer of the corpus luteum in response to angiogenic factors secreted by granulosa and thecal cells.

claimDuring the follicular phase, serum estradiol levels rise in parallel with the growth of follicle size and the increasing number of granulosa cells.

Unknown source 2 facts

claimThe two-cell, two-gonadotropin hypothesis of estrogen synthesis in the human ovary states that androstenedione is produced in theca cells, transported to granulosa cells, aromatized to estrone, and finally converted to estradiol by 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I.

claimProgesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) secreted by granulosa cells may exert a positive feedback on the estrogen-primed pituitary to augment luteinizing hormone (LH) release.