Knowledge Tree
Gettier problem
Also known as: gettiered, Gettier case, Gettier counterexamples
Facts (24)
Sources
Virtue Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 9, 1999 8 facts
claimCognitive faculties cannot be merely necessary or important parts of the explanation for a belief, because if they were, Gettier problems would immediately arise.
claimThe credit thesis is used to explain the value of knowledge and features prominently in attempts to resolve the Gettier problem and explain epistemic luck.
claimConventional virtue epistemology (VE) utilizes the resources of virtue epistemology to address standard questions in contemporary Anglophone epistemology, such as providing analyses or definitions of knowledge and justification, solving puzzles like the Gettier problem and the lottery problem, constructing counterexamples, and confronting the skeptic.
referenceLinda Zagzebski's conventional virtue epistemology (1996) provides a definition of knowledge and an attempted resolution of the Gettier problem.
claimVirtue Epistemology solves the Gettier problem by asserting that knowledge requires an agent to believe the truth because of their intellectual virtues, whereas Gettier subjects do not believe the truth because of their virtues.
claimA Gettier case is constructed by starting with a belief that meets the justification condition for knowledge, adding an element of bad luck that would normally prevent the belief from being true, and adding a dose of good luck that cancels out the bad luck so the belief ends up true.
perspectiveCritics argue that the Virtue Epistemology solution to the Gettier problem is uninformative because there is a lack of adequate understanding regarding what it means to believe 'because of' or 'out of' virtue.
accountIn a Gettier case adapted from Zagzebski (1996), Mary enters her house and sees a familiar appearance in her husband's chair, leading her to believe her husband is sitting in the living room. However, she has misidentified the man, who is actually her husband's brother, while her husband is actually dozing in a different chair out of her sight.
Epistemology | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 5 facts
referenceEdmund Gettier introduced the 'Gettier problem' in his 1963 paper 'Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?' published in Analysis.
claimSome epistemologists argue that the Gettier problem necessitates seeking a substantially different alternative to the Justified True Belief (JTB) account of knowledge, rather than simply adding a fourth condition.
claimThe Gettier problem demonstrates that it is possible for a belief to be both justified and true, yet still fail to constitute knowledge because the truth of the belief relies on luck.
accountIn the Gettier problem example involving a stopped clock, an individual forms a true and justified belief about the time by looking at a clock that is broken but happens to show the correct time, yet the individual does not actually 'know' the time because the accuracy is a matter of luck.
referenceBertrand Russell presented a Gettier-type example in his 1912 book 'Problems of Philosophy', though it was largely overlooked for many years.
Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Dec 14, 2005 5 facts
claimSome Non-traditional knowledge (NTK) theorists suggest that the Gettier problem can be addressed by refining the concept of reliability, such as indexing reliability to the subject's environment, which would explain why Henry's belief in the barn-facade case is not justified.
claimGettier-cases are instances of Justified True Belief (JTB) that do not qualify as knowledge because neither the possession of evidence nor origination in reliable faculties is sufficient to ensure that a belief is not true merely because of luck.
claimThe Gettier problem refers to the challenge of identifying what further element must be added to Justified True Belief (JTB) to create conditions that are jointly sufficient for knowledge.
claimA priori knowledge consists of beliefs that are true, justified a priori, and not 'gettiered'.
claimReliabilism asserts that justification is not necessary for knowledge, and that reliably produced true belief is sufficient for knowledge, provided the notion of reliability is refined to rule out Gettier cases.
Virtue Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 9, 1999 2 facts
Virtue Epistemology | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 2 facts
claimVirtue epistemology addresses a wide range of philosophical issues, including the Gettier problem, the internalism/externalism debate, and skepticism.
claimLinda Zagzebski claims that her analysis of knowledge is immune to Gettier counterexamples because of the tight connection between the warrant and truth conditions for knowledge.
Epistemic Justification – Introduction to Philosophy: Epistemology press.rebus.community 1 fact
claimThe Gettier problem demonstrates that epistemically justified true belief is not entirely sufficient for knowledge.
Epistemology (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2019 Edition) plato.stanford.edu Dec 14, 2005 1 fact
claimTraditional Knowledge (TK) theorists propose that solving the Gettier problem requires adding a fourth condition to the Justified True Belief (JTB) analysis.