Knowledge Tree
energy expenditure
Also known as: EE, ΔEE
Facts (24)
Sources
Sex differences in respiratory and circulatory cost during hypoxic ... nature.com Jul 2, 2019 18 facts
measurementThe model fit for predicting oxygen saturation change (ΔSpO2) based on energy expenditure (ΔEE), minute ventilation (ΔVE), and heart rate change (ΔHR) was strong for both men (adj. r2 = 0.900, P < 0.001) and women (adj. r2 = 0.957, P < 0.001).
claimAs walking speed increases, moderate hypoxia accentuates the increases in energy expenditure (EE) in both men and women.
claimWhen using multiple regression to predict changes in energy expenditure (ΔEE), both changes in minute ventilation (ΔV̇E) and changes in heart rate (ΔHR) were statistically significant predictors for both men and women.
measurementBased on a modified analysis model, the contribution of ventilatory work and energy expenditure (EE) on SpO2 in women is approximately twice that found in men.
claimThe study used sex-specific models to analyze changes in energy expenditure (EE), minute ventilation (V̇E), and heart rate (HR), which resulted in similar changes for both men and women.
measurementA multivariate model using energy expenditure (EE), minute ventilation (V̇E), and heart rate (HR) to predict hypoxia-induced reduction in peripheral oxygen saturation (ΔSpO2) achieved a very strong fit for both men (r2 = 0.900, P < 0.001) and women (r2 = 0.957, P < 0.001).
measurementThe relative contributions of energy expenditure (EE), ventilation (VE), and heart rate (HR) to the change in oxygen saturation (ΔSpO2) under hypoxic conditions differ by sex: in women, the effects of EE (28.1% vs 15.8% in men) and VE (4.1% vs 1.7% in men) were greater, while in men, the contribution of HR was greater (82.5% vs 67.9% in women).
claimDuring hypoxic walking, changes in energy expenditure (ΔEE) and ventilation (ΔVE) increased with speed in both men and women, with men exhibiting higher values than women at the fastest walking speed.
procedureHypoxia-induced changes in energy expenditure (ΔEE), ventilation (ΔVE), and heart rate (ΔHR) are calculated by subtracting normoxic values from hypoxic values at the same walking speed, with calculations performed separately for men and women.
measurementEstimated cardiopulmonary energy cost at rest is approximately one-third of total energy expenditure (EE) in Watts, consistent across both sexes and conditions (normoxic and hypoxic).
claimThe relative contributions of energy expenditure (EE), minute ventilation (V̇E), and heart rate (HR) to hypoxia-induced reduction in peripheral oxygen saturation (ΔSpO2) differ between sexes, with the contribution of EE and V̇E in women being about two-fold higher than in men, while the contribution of HR in men is greater than in women.
measurementThe difference in energy expenditure (EE) between men and women is approximately 5%, and the difference in percentage of energy expenditure (%EE) is approximately 2% at rest and during walking in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
formulaEnergy expenditure (EE) increases with ventilatory effort (VE) at a rate of approximately 1 Watt for every 1 L min-1 increment in VE for both men and women, defined by the formulas ΔEE = 1.175 ± 0.098ΔVE (r2 = 0.678, P < 0.05) for men and ΔEE = 1.248 ± 0.111ΔVE (r2 = 0.656, P < 0.05) for women.
formulaThe energy expenditure (ΔEE) model for men is defined as ΔEE = 0.564ΔVE + 0.222ΔHR (adj. r2 = 0.994, P < 0.001), and for women is defined as ΔEE = 0.613ΔVE + 0.190ΔHR (adj. r2 = 0.994, P < 0.001).
claimThe study hypothesized that women would experience greater arterial hypoxemia than men, and that the contribution rates of energy expenditure, ventilation, and heart rate in response to changes in oxygen saturation would differ between the sexes.
formulaEnergy expenditure (EE) increases as a function of heart rate (HR) at a rate of approximately 1 Watt for every 8.8 beats per minute in men and every 15 beats per minute in women, defined by the formulas ΔEE = 0.020 ± 0.004ΔHR2 - 0.061 ± 0.101ΔHR (r2 = 0.946, P < 0.001) for men and ΔEE = 0.010 ± 0.006ΔHR2 - 0.083 ± 0.159ΔHR (r2 = 0.812, P < 0.001) for women.
measurementNet cardiopulmonary cost accounts for a slightly greater proportion of net energy expenditure (EE) in women compared to men in both normoxic (~2% greater) and hypoxic (~3% greater) conditions.
procedureThe researchers calculated changes in SpO2 with hypoxia and used multiple regression analysis to test for the independent, additive effects of energy expenditure (EE), ({\dot{{\rm{V}}}}{{\rm{E}}}), and heart rate (HR) on SpO2 after logarithmic transformation.
Global overview of dietary outcomes and dietary intake assessment ... link.springer.com Aug 21, 2021 2 facts
referenceA 1970 study by Southgate and Shirling, published in the journal Ergonomics, measured the energy expenditure and food intake of the ship's company of a submarine.
referenceA 2011 study by Singh et al. evaluated the energy expenditure and nutritional status of sailors and submarine crew members in the Indian Navy, published in the Defence Science Journal.
Nutritional Evolution – Human Origin and Evolution ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in 1 fact
claimThe nutritional dynamic between humans and their environments, specifically the relationship between energy intake and energy expenditure, has crucial adaptive consequences for both survival and reproduction.
Chronic Inflammation - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1 fact
claimEnergy expenditure through physical exercise lowers multiple pro-inflammatory molecules and cytokines in human clinical trials, independently of weight loss.
Immunity In Depth | Linus Pauling Institute lpi.oregonstate.edu 1 fact
claimObesity is associated with a state of leptin resistance, where the elevated leptin signal is not associated with the normal responses of reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure.
A Consensus Proposal for Nutritional Indicators to Assess ... - Frontiers frontiersin.org 1 fact
formulaAverage dietary energy requirement is defined as the amount of food energy in kilocalories per capita per day needed to balance energy expenditure to maintain body size, body composition, and a level of physical activity consistent with long-term good health.