Knowledge Tree
antibiotics
Facts (46)
Sources
Medicinal plants: bioactive compounds, biological activities ... frontiersin.org 36 facts
claimFuture research on medicinal plants as antimicrobials should focus on investigating the effects of extended exposure to plant extracts on microbial communities, determining specific mechanisms of bacterial resistance to plant-derived antimicrobials, assessing the rate of resistance emergence relative to conventional antibiotics, establishing standardized methodologies for evaluating efficacy, and monitoring for reduced efficacy in clinical settings.
claimStaphylococcus aureus can acquire resistance to antibiotics including erythromycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, methicillin, and vancomycin.
claimMicroorganisms utilize alternative mechanisms to resist antibiotics, including the development of membrane vesicles to increase surface area and diminish medication entry, alterations in antibiotic transporters known as porins, and the utilization of efflux pumps to expel antibiotics from the cytosol.
claimPseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to several antibiotics, including cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, quinines, ureidopenicillins, quinolones, cefepimes, penicillin, and polymyxins.
claimMoloney (2016) identifies natural products as a significant source for the development of novel antibiotics.
claimFailure to adhere to prescribed antibiotic regimens increases the risk of developing antibiotic-resistant pathogens, chronic illnesses, and mortality.
claimBioactive chemicals found in medicinal plants serve as essential precursors for the synthesis of antibiotics.
claimLeaf extracts of Burdock (Arctium lappa) increase the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of common antibiotics against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as reported by Pirvu et al. in 2017.
accountAlexander Fleming discovered penicillin, the first natural antibiotic, in 1928.
claimAdministering high doses of antibiotics to treat localized infections can lead to cytotoxicity and adverse reactions in surrounding tissues, potentially hindering patient recovery.
referenceEl Atki Y, Aouam I, El Kamari F, Taroq A, Nayme K, Timinouni M, et al. studied the antibacterial activity of cinnamon essential oils and their synergistic potential with antibiotics in the Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research (2019).
referenceKiran et al. (2024) published a study in BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies showing that punicalagin, a pomegranate polyphenol, sensitizes the activity of antibiotics against three multidrug-resistant pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family.
claimIn recent decades, microorganisms have increasingly resisted commonly used antibiotics.
claimFor an antibiotic to be effective, it must possess the capability to penetrate the bacterial cell membrane.
claimQuave (2016) posits that traditional medicine is a valuable source for discovering new solutions to combat antimicrobial resistance, specifically regarding antibiotics derived from nature.
referenceMagryś et al. (2021) studied the antibacterial properties of Allium sativum L. (garlic) against emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria and its synergistic effects when combined with antibiotics.
referenceSaquib et al. (2021) investigated the synergistic antibacterial activity of herbal extracts combined with antibiotics against bacteria responsible for periodontitis.
claimResearch indicates that berberine hydrochloride and berberine sulfate effectively treat diarrhea in comparison to conventional antibiotics like chloramphenicol and streptomycin by significantly diminishing the volume of liquid stool and the frequency of urgent bowel motions.
claimNosocomial infections caused by Non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) are associated with medical interventions and situations including cancer treatments, surgical implantations, HIV, AIDS, and the overuse of antibiotics.
claimMRSA and MDR Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) pose substantial challenges because their ability to acquire resistance to commonly utilized antibiotics enables them to induce chronic infections and impede the healing process.
claimBioactive compounds in medicinal plant extracts can improve the effectiveness of current antibiotics and help prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.
claimAdvanced methodologies such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics help expedite the identification and characterization of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants for the development of new antibiotics.
claimHealthcare providers utilize second- or third-line drugs, which are typically more expensive and potentially hazardous, when resistance to first-line antibiotics develops.
measurementFrequently utilized antibiotics are ineffective against 70% of the bacteria that cause nosocomial infections.
measurementIn the thirty years prior to the publication of the review 'Medicinal plants: bioactive compounds, biological activities ...', the ineffectiveness of antibiotics and the absence of effective vaccinations led to the deaths of more than 25 million individuals, including over 5 million children.
claimExcessive use of antibiotics increases the drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus.
claimBiofilms resist antimicrobials because the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) layer impedes the penetration of antibiotics.
claimThe article "Medicinal plants: bioactive compounds, biological activities, combating multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and human health benefits - a comprehensive review" covers the topics of antibiotics, antimicrobial agents, herbal medicine, human health, mechanism of action, multidrug resistance, and pathogens.
claimThe misuse of antibiotics contributes to the acceleration of bacterial drug resistance development and dissemination because frequent antibiotic exposure exerts selective pressure that allows resistant strains to thrive.
claimESBL-producing bacteria exhibit increasing resistance to antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol.
claimIntegrating plant-derived antimicrobials with current antibiotics can augment their efficacy, address resistance, and decrease the dosage of traditional antibiotics, thereby reducing adverse effects and the emergence of further resistance.
claimThe presence of pre-existing resistance genes within a microbial community, often obtained via horizontal gene transfer, can elevate the probability of resistance emergence against plant-derived antimicrobials, particularly if those compounds target the same mechanisms as traditional antibiotics.
claimThe extensive administration of antibiotics in individuals with Klebsiella infections has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, specifically those that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL).
claimThe improper use of antibiotics increases the development and spread of drug-resistant microorganisms.
claimHerbal medicines often demonstrate synergistic effects when used with antibiotics, increasing effectiveness against multidrug-resistant pathogens by diminishing microbial defenses.
claimAyurvedic medicine demonstrates the healing properties of plants and indicates that traditional approaches remain relevant despite the introduction of antibiotics.
Pharmacological Uses of New Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal ... academia.edu 3 facts
referenceRahman et al. (2021) published a review in the journal Antibiotics titled 'Multifunctional Therapeutic Potential of Phytocomplexes and Natural Extracts for Antimicrobial Properties', which discusses the therapeutic potential of natural extracts.
referenceD. Savoia (2012) published a review in Future Microbiology titled 'Plant-Derived Antimicrobial Compounds: Alternatives to Antibiotics', which explores the potential of plant compounds as substitutes for traditional antibiotics.
referenceFair and Tor (2014) published 'Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance in the 21st Century' in Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry, discussing the state of antibiotics and bacterial resistance.
Active Plant Principles and Applications in Plant Medicine irispublishers.com May 2, 2024 2 facts
claimThe most important groups of active principles in medicinal and aromatic plants include glucides, pectins, mucilages and gums, fatty oils, volatile oils, resins, organic acids, glycosides, saponins, astringents, bitter principles, vitamins, alkaloids, vegetable dyes, antibiotics, phytoncides, and mineral substances.
claimPhytotherapy offers advantages over modern medicine because the effectiveness of chemical drugs, such as antibiotics, has decreased due to bacteria and viruses gradually adapting and becoming resistant to them.
Medicinal plants: bioactive compounds, biological activities ... pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Apr 28, 2025 2 facts
claimThe rapid spread of multidrug-resistant infections is primarily attributed to improper prescriptions, overuse, and unregulated access to antibiotics.
referenceThe review article 'Medicinal plants: bioactive compounds, biological activities, combating multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and human health benefits' aims to identify common pathogens threatening human health, analyze factors contributing to drug-resistant microorganisms, and evaluate the use of medicinal plants as alternative antibiotics.
Advances in Pharmacognosy for Modern Drug Discovery and ... jbph.org 2 facts
Medicinal plants and human health: a comprehensive review of ... link.springer.com Nov 5, 2025 1 fact
claimConcerns regarding antimicrobial resistance have increased interest in using plant-derived natural chemicals as substitutes for traditional antibiotics.