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adverse childhood experiences
Also known as: ACEs, adverse childhood experience
Facts (40)
Sources
Psychosocial Pathways - CDC cdc.gov Sep 1, 2023 11 facts
referenceThe CDC-Kaiser Permanente study on Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) found a graded relationship between ACEs and conditions such as ischemic heart disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and liver disease.
referenceSu S, Jimenez MP, Roberts CT, Loucks EB published 'The role of adverse childhood experiences in cardiovascular disease risk: A review with emphasis on plausible mechanisms' in Current Cardiology Reports in 2015, which reviews how adverse childhood experiences contribute to cardiovascular disease risk.
referenceSu S, Jimenez MP, Roberts CT, and Loucks EB reviewed the role of adverse childhood experiences in cardiovascular disease risk, emphasizing plausible biological and psychological mechanisms, in a 2015 article in Current Cardiology Reports.
referenceDong M, Giles WH, Felitti VJ, Dube SR, Williams JE, Chapman DP, and colleagues published a study in Circulation in 2004 that provided insights into the causal pathways linking adverse childhood experiences to ischemic heart disease.
referenceSu S, Jimenez MP, Roberts CT, Loucks EB. published 'The role of adverse childhood experiences in cardiovascular disease risk: A review with emphasis on plausible mechanisms' in Current Cardiology Reports in 2015, which reviews how adverse childhood experiences contribute to cardiovascular disease risk.
claimAdverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are defined as traumatic events and severe or chronic stress occurring during childhood (ages 0–17), including physical, emotional, and sexual abuse; emotional and physical neglect; and household dysfunction such as parental mental health illnesses, household substance abuse, violence between parents or caregivers, incarcerated family members, and parental separation or divorce.
claimLow socioeconomic status, early life stress, and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are linked to the development of poor health behaviors, hypertension, and an increased risk for ischemic heart disease and cardiovascular disease.
referenceDong M, Giles WH, Felitti VJ, Dube SR, Williams JE, Chapman DP, et al. published 'Insights into causal pathways for ischemic heart disease: Adverse childhood experiences study' in the journal Circulation in 2004, which examines the link between adverse childhood experiences and ischemic heart disease.
referenceSu S, Jimenez MP, Roberts CT, and Loucks EB reviewed the role of adverse childhood experiences in cardiovascular disease risk and identified plausible biological mechanisms in a 2015 article published in Current Cardiology Reports.
referenceThe CDC-Kaiser Permanente study on Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) found a strong dose–response relationship between childhood exposure to abuse, neglect, and dysfunction and multiple risk factors for leading causes of death, including alcoholism, smoking, drug abuse, severe obesity, and physical inactivity.
referenceDong M, Giles WH, Felitti VJ, Dube SR, Williams JE, and Chapman DP published research in Circulation in 2004 providing insights into the causal pathways linking adverse childhood experiences to ischemic heart disease.
The impact of childhood trauma on children's wellbeing and adult ... ouci.dntb.gov.ua 6 facts
claimResilience and stress, as well as resilience and anxiety, serially mediate the interaction between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and sleep disturbance.
measurement25.4% of study participants reported having had four or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), with higher reports (32%) observed in Middle Eastern countries.
measurementIn the study cohort, 94.3% of participants experienced four or more benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs), while 67.9% experienced at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE) before the age of 18.
claimThe relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and sleep disturbances is mediated by stress and anxiety, but not by resilience or depression.
claimAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) correlate positively with sleep disturbance in adulthood, while benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) show an inverse correlation with sleep disturbance.
claimAdverse childhood experiences (ACE) and benevolent childhood experiences (BCE) can indirectly impact sleep quality in adult life, with this relationship modulated by factors including depression, anxiety, resilience, and mental health problems.
The Long-Term Perceived Effect of Childhood Trauma on Youth's ... rsisinternational.org 5 facts
claimThe Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common, with a substantial portion of the population reporting exposure to one or more traumatic events during their early years.
referenceRyff et al. (2020) analyzed sex differences in the association between mental health, well-being, and adverse childhood experiences.
claimFelitti and his team (1998) found that adverse childhood experiences, such as neglect, physical abuse, and maltreatment, lead to negative health outcomes in adulthood, including causes of death like heart disease and cancer.
referenceMerrick et al. (2017) analyzed the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences across 23 states using data from the 2011-2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
referenceZarse, Neff, Yoder, Hulvershorn, Chambers, and Chambers (2019) published a study in Cogent Medicine reviewing two decades of research on the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire, identifying childhood trauma as a primary cause of adult mental illness, addiction, and medical diseases.
Childhood Trauma and its effect on Adulthood - Palo Alto University paloaltou.edu 4 facts
claimAn adverse childhood experience is defined as a potentially traumatic event such as abuse, violence, or poverty.
measurementThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) predicts that treating adverse childhood experiences could act as a preventative measure, potentially reducing cases of depression by 21 million, heart disease by 1.9 million, and overweight/obesity by 2.5 million.
measurementThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) predicts that a 10% reduction in adverse childhood experiences would save the North American healthcare system $56 billion annually.
claimFemales and minorities are at a higher risk of experiencing four or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).
The Impact of Maternal Childhood Trauma on Children's Problem ... dovepress.com Nov 4, 2024 2 facts
referenceTreat AE, Sheffield Morris A, Williamson AC, Hays-Grudo J, and Laurin D examined the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, parenting, and child executive function in a 2019 study published in Early Child Development and Care.
referenceA 2016 study by researchers published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry compared retrospective and prospective assessments of adverse childhood experiences to predict adult health outcomes.
Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Disorders, and Chronic Disease - CDC cdc.gov Aug 31, 2023 2 facts
claimThe prevalence of short sleep duration in children is associated with inconsistent bedtimes, poor parental mental and physical health, and adverse childhood experiences.
claimAddressing inconsistent bedtimes, parental health, and adverse childhood experiences may improve children’s sleep and promote healthy development, particularly among children with low socioeconomic status or from racial and ethnic minority groups.
The Effects of Attachment and Trauma on Parenting and Children's ... rsisinternational.org Aug 16, 2025 2 facts
referenceM. and R. Khanam published the longitudinal study 'Adverse childhood experiences and externalizing, internalizing, and prosocial behaviors in children and adolescents' in the Journal of Affective Disorders in 2024.
referenceYe, Wei, Zhang, Li, and Cao (2024) investigated the impact of adverse childhood experiences on depression, specifically examining the role of insecure attachment styles and emotion dysregulation strategies.
Stress, Lifestyle, and Health – Psychology 2e OpenStax pressbooks.cuny.edu 1 fact
claimAdverse childhood experiences, such as physical abuse, being sent away from home, and parental divorce, are associated with shortened telomere length in women, and telomere size decreases as the amount of experienced adversity increases, according to a study of over 4,000 U.K. women ages 41–80 by Surtees et al. (2010).
Using energy psychology to remediate emotional wounds rooted in ... frontiersin.org 1 fact
measurementApproximately 61% of adults in the United States have experienced at least one category of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), and 17% have experienced four or more, according to 2023 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Attachment and social and emotional development centreforearlychildhood.org 1 fact
referenceLange, B. C. L., Callinan, L. S., & Smith, M. V. (2019) published 'Adverse childhood experiences and their relation to parenting stress and parenting practices' in the Community Mental Health Journal.
Demographic, Environmental, and Psychosocial Influences on ... pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Aug 27, 2024 1 fact
referenceBethell CD, Newacheck P, Hawes E, and Halfon N published the article 'Adverse childhood experiences: assessing the impact on health and school engagement and the mitigating role of resilience' in the journal Health Affairs (Millwood) in 2014.
Associations Between Sleep Duration and Cognitive Function ... humanfactors.jmir.org 1 fact
referenceThe study 'Adverse childhood experiences and subsequent chronic diseases among middle-aged or older adults in China and associations with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics' was published in JAMA Network Open on October 1, 2021.
Stress, Lifestyle, and Health – Introduction to Psychology open.maricopa.edu 1 fact
measurementSurtees et al. (2010) investigated over 4,000 U.K. women ages 41–80 and found that adverse childhood experiences, such as physical abuse, being sent away from home, and parent divorce, were associated with shortened telomere length, with telomere size decreasing as the amount of adversity increased.
Attachment Theory - Seattle Anxiety Specialists seattleanxiety.com 1 fact
referenceFelitti VJ published a study in 2002 regarding the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and adult health.
Bowlby's Attachment Theory: 4 Styles & Classroom Impact structural-learning.com Jun 30, 2023 1 fact
measurementA 2023 analysis of permanent exclusion data found that 78% of excluded learners had experienced at least two adverse childhood experiences, and the majority displayed insecure attachment patterns that were misread as wilful disobedience.