measurement
Hemp bast fibers are composed of 70% to 75% cellulose, 15% to 20% hemicellulose, 3% to 5% lignin, 0.8% pectin, 2% to 6% extractives, and 1% to 2% ash content, as reported by Manaia et al. (2019), Möller and Popescu (2009), and Zheljazkov et al. (2023).

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