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Relations (1)
related 3.81 — strongly supporting 13 facts
Macrophages are a primary cellular source of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as evidenced by their role in secreting these molecules during immune responses [1], [2], and [3]. Specific examples of this relationship include macrophages producing IL-1β [4], TNF-α [5], IL-6 [6], IL-8 [7], and IL-18 [8] to mediate inflammation and immune signaling.
Facts (13)
Sources
Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Overview | Thermo Fisher Scientific - US thermofisher.com 10 facts
claimInterferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by T Cells and NK cells that binds to CDw119 (IFNG R1) and functions in anti-viral defense, macrophage activation, increasing neutrophil and monocyte function, and regulating MHC-I and -II expression.
claimTumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages that binds to CD120a and CD120b receptors on macrophages to induce phagocyte cell activation and endotoxic shock.
claimActivated macrophages, dendritic cells, other immune cells, and endothelial cells release pro-inflammatory cytokines.
referenceIL-6 is classified as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is produced by Th cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts, binds to CD126 and CD130 receptors, targets B cells and plasma cells, and functions in B-cell differentiation.
claimIn the context of viral lung infections, resident macrophages phagocytose apoptotic cells and subsequently release pro-inflammatory cytokines, which recruit other immune cells, cause acute inflammation, and provoke fever and fibrosis.
claimPro-inflammatory cytokines are secreted by Th1 cells, CD4+ cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
referenceIL-8 is classified as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is produced by macrophages, binds to the IL-8R receptor, targets neutrophils, and functions in chemotaxis for neutrophils and T cells.
claimIL-1β is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine induced primarily by lymphocytes, macrophages, and monocytes in response to microbial molecules.
claimInterferon-alpha (IFN-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages, neutrophils, and some somatic cells that binds to CD118 (IFNAR1, IFNAR2) and functions as an anti-viral agent.
referenceIL-18 is classified as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells, binds to the CD218a (IL-18Ra) receptor, targets monocytes and T cells, and functions in recruiting monocytes and T lymphocytes, synergizing with IL-12 to induce IFN-gamma production, and inhibiting angiogenesis.
Chronic Inflammation - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 2 facts
claimIn chronic inflammation, infiltrating macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells produce inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and enzymes, which contribute to tissue damage progression and secondary repair processes such as fibrosis and granuloma formation.
claimThe hallmarks of chronic inflammation include the infiltration of primary inflammatory cells—specifically macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells—into the tissue site, where they produce inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and enzymes that contribute to tissue damage and secondary repair processes like fibrosis and granuloma formation.
Immunity In Depth | Linus Pauling Institute lpi.oregonstate.edu 1 fact
claimMacrophages are specialized leukocytes that respond to invading pathogens by initiating phagocytosis and synthesizing and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines.