Knowledge Tree
Traditional epistemology
Also known as: Traditional epistemological inquiry, Traditional epistemology
Facts (39)
Sources
Naturalized Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 5, 2001 20 facts
claimNaturalized epistemologists may deny that epistemic sentences report facts at all, contrasting with traditional epistemologists who formulate analyses using evaluative epistemic terms.
claimTraditional epistemologists typically make use of evaluative terms such as 'good reasons' and 'adequate evidence' in their accounts, contrasting with substantive naturalists who avoid these terms.
claimTraditional epistemologists often assume that evidence for beliefs about the mental states of others consists primarily of observations of their behavior, then question whether that evidence is sufficient to justify those beliefs.
claimJaegwon Kim argues that Willard Van Orman Quine's naturalized epistemology studies a different topic than traditional epistemology, specifically shifting focus from questions of rationality, justification, and knowledge to the causal connections between sensory evidence and beliefs.
accountTraditional epistemologists attempted to derive statements about the world from statements about sensations to show that science has an adequate foundation, operating on the premise that if beliefs about the world could be derived from certain beliefs about sensations, then the derived truths about the world would also be certain.
claimTraditional epistemologists consider evaluative epistemological sentences to be objectively true or false, implying the existence of epistemological facts.
claimTraditional epistemologists often investigate whether specific domains of knowledge, such as other minds, morality, or religious matters, are justified based on the basic evidence available.
claimTraditional epistemologists, defined as those who do not advocate for naturalizing epistemology, typically conduct their work without empirical scientific input, often described as working in their 'armchairs'.
claimTraditional epistemologists often view the scientific study of cognitive systems as only distantly related to the effort to reply to skeptical arguments.
claimReplacement naturalism is a view within naturalized epistemology that recommends replacing traditional epistemology with the psychological study of how humans reason.
claimSome traditional epistemologists operate on the assumption that humans possess knowledge and that empirical information cannot overturn this judgment, asserting that humans know approximately what they believe they know.
claimHilary Kornblith defends a view close to Quinean Replacement Naturalism, arguing that traditional epistemologists who abandon the Cartesian program of deriving beliefs from certain foundations end up endorsing principles that merely ratify their pre-existing beliefs.
claimTraditional epistemologists debate whether knowledge and justification require conclusive reasons, strong reasons, or if they rely on factors like reliability, causal connectedness, explanatory power, or wide acceptance.
claimTraditional epistemology focuses on questions of rationality, justification, and whether an epistemic support relation holds between basic evidence and beliefs about the world.
claimDefenders of traditional epistemology often deny that they are simply endorsing the status quo, as noted by Richard Feldman in 1999.
claimTraditional epistemologists often attempt to refute arguments for skepticism without utilizing information derived from the sciences.
claimSkeptical arguments considered by traditional epistemologists typically rely on premises that specify a necessary condition for knowledge and premises that assert people's beliefs fail to satisfy that condition.
claimTraditional epistemologists may only be committed to the modest claim that no abstract philosophical argument is initially more plausible than the claim that humans possess knowledge in typical actual cases, rather than the extreme claim that empirical results could never show a lack of knowledge.
procedureTraditional epistemological inquiry typically relies on the method of reflection on possible cases, where epistemologists describe cases, consult their intuitions about whether the cases constitute knowledge, and decide if the proposed analysis fails based on those intuitions.
claimThe position held by many traditional epistemologists, which assumes that we know what we think we know, does not necessarily rule out the possibility that empirical results could overturn specific claims to knowledge.
Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Dec 14, 2005 6 facts
claimExtreme naturalistic epistemology asserts that the project of traditional epistemology, when pursued in an a priori fashion from the philosopher's armchair, is completely misguided.
claimTraditional epistemology focuses on assessing the epistemic quality of a subject's beliefs to determine if they are justified or instances of knowledge.
perspectiveSome philosophers view social epistemology as an extension of traditional epistemology designed to correct its overly individualistic orientation.
perspectiveProponents of the view that social epistemology is an extension of traditional epistemology believe that knowledge and justified belief are linked to truth and that objective norms of rationality exist.
perspectiveSome philosophers argue that social epistemology should be a radical departure from traditional epistemology, which they consider a futile endeavor.
claimNaturalistic epistemology proposes that epistemology should be integrated into the natural sciences and become a branch of cognitive psychology to replace traditional epistemology with a redefined project.
Naturalized epistemology - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 5 facts
claimCooperative naturalism is a branch of naturalized epistemology that posits that traditional epistemology can benefit from using knowledge gained from cognitive sciences.
claimReplacement naturalism is a branch of naturalized epistemology that maintains that traditional epistemology should be abandoned and replaced with the methodologies of the natural sciences.
claimW.V.O. Quine identifies a problem of circularity in naturalized epistemology when it is used as a replacement for traditional epistemology, specifically because it attempts to validate natural sciences using those same sciences.
perspectiveHilary Putnam argues that replacing traditional epistemology with naturalized epistemology would eliminate the normative, which is necessary for concepts like justification, rational acceptability, and warranted assertibility.
claimHacker argues that naturalized epistemology effectively abandons traditional epistemology in favor of a neurophysiological learning theory that explains the formation of world theories through purely causal terms regarding sensory irritation.
Social epistemology - Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy rep.routledge.com 3 facts
claimThe relationship between social epistemology and traditional epistemology, as pursued in the analytic tradition, is a matter of debate among philosophers.
perspectivePhilosophers working in critical and cultural studies of science view social epistemology as an interdisciplinary framework for the study of knowledge from historical, cultural, and sociological perspectives, and they propose that this approach should supplant traditional epistemology.
perspectivePhilosophers trained within the analytic approach consider social epistemology to be an expansion of traditional accounts, potentially serving as a new branch of epistemology or a new paradigm for its pursuit.
Virtue Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 9, 1999 1 fact
claimJonathan Kvanvig characterizes traditional epistemology as being dominated by an 'individualistic' and 'synchronic' conception of knowledge that prioritizes specifying the conditions under which an individual knows a particular proposition at a particular time.
The Role of Epistemic Communities and Expert Testimonies in ... academia.edu 1 fact
claimTraditional epistemology can and should provide a normative framework to supplement empirically-minded descriptive answers regarding epistemic agency and epistemic assessment.
Virtue Epistemology | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 1 fact
claimJonathan Kvanvig maintains that the Cartesian structure and orientation of traditional epistemology make it impossible to focus on intellectual virtues as the center of epistemological inquiry.
Epistemology - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 1 fact
claimSocial epistemology focuses on knowledge acquisition, transmission, and evaluation within groups, specifically emphasizing how individuals rely on each other when seeking knowledge, whereas traditional epistemology is primarily interested in knowledge possessed by individuals.
7.1 What Epistemology Studies - Introduction to Philosophy | OpenStax openstax.org Jun 15, 2022 1 fact
claimTraditional epistemology primarily focuses on propositional knowledge.