Knowledge Tree
testimonial knowledge
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Epistemological Problems of Testimony plato.stanford.edu Apr 1, 2021 11 facts
accountA person acquires testimonial knowledge about the identity of Pacific Poison Oak from Margae, who is described as holding a PhD in plant biology and studying that specific plant.
claimThe Transmission View in epistemology asserts that testimonial knowledge can only be transmitted from a speaker to a hearer.
referenceErnest Sosa authored the essay 'Knowledge: Instrumental and Testimonial,' published in the 2006 volume edited by Jennifer Lackey and Ernest Sosa.
claimSanford C. Goldberg proposed in 2005 that testimonial knowledge can be acquired even through unsafe testimony.
claimRobert Audi (1997, 1998, 2004, 2006) defends Non-Reductionism regarding testimonial knowledge but does not defend it regarding testimonial justification.
claimUnder the framework proposed by Robert Audi (1997), Individualism applies to testimonial justification because it depends on the hearer's inferences, while Anti-Individualism applies to testimonial knowledge because the speaker must know the proposition for the hearer to acquire knowledge.
referenceKallestrup and Pritchard (2012), Gerken (2013), Pritchard (2015), and Palermos (forthcoming) defend versions of Anti-Individualism requiring that testifiers in a hearer's local environment must be reliable for the hearer to acquire testimonial knowledge.
referenceRobert Audi (1997) endorses Reductionism regarding testimonial justification and the Transmission View regarding testimonial knowledge.
perspectiveA primary motivation for Non-Reductionism is to avoid the difficulty of acquiring testimonial knowledge that arises if hearers are required to have positive reasons for believing a speaker's testimony is reliable.
accountA person acquires testimonial knowledge about the identity of Pacific Poison Oak from a layman named Suneet, who is described as living in the area and possessing some knowledge about plants.
accountIn the 'Creationist Teacher' case described by Jennifer Lackey (2008), a teacher named Stella, who is a creationist, does not believe or know that homo sapiens evolved from homo erectus. Despite her lack of belief, she teaches this fact to her fourth-grade students, who come to know the fact based on her testimony. This case is used to argue that the Transmission View's necessity condition (TV-N) is false because testimonial knowledge can be generated from a speaker who lacks the knowledge in question.
Epistemology of Testimony | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 9 facts
referenceSanford Goldberg published 'Reductionism and the Distinctiveness of Testimonial Knowledge' in the 2006 collection edited by Lackey and Sosa.
referenceSanford Goldberg's analysis of testimonial knowledge, including the role of safety-guaranteeing agents, is detailed in his 2007 work, specifically on pages 308 and 322ff.
referenceSanford Goldberg published 'Testimonial Knowledge in Early Childhood, Revisited' in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research in 2008.
claimFricker (2006b) argues that knowledge-preservationism regarding testimonial knowledge requires a demanding approach to testimonial justification, where the hearer's belief is grounded in the hearer's second-order belief that the testifier knows what they asserted.
referencePaul Faulkner published 'The Social Character of Testimonial Knowledge' in the Journal of Philosophy in 2000.
referenceSanford Goldberg published 'Testimonial Knowledge Through Unsafe Testimony' in Analysis in 2005.
claimThe epistemology of testimony focuses primarily on the general nature of testimonial knowledge and justification rather than specifically on human testimony.
perspectiveLaurence BonJour argues that requiring a defeater condition for testimonial knowledge without also requiring positive reasons to believe in the reliability of the testimony is an 'untenable half-way house.'
claimGreen (2006) proposes that positional warrant—defined as information sufficient to support a belief if a doxastic subject were present—is the key environmental condition for testimonial knowledge.
Virtue Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 9, 1999 2 facts
claimIn John Greco's framework of testimonial knowledge, the resulting knowledge is attributed to the competent joint agency of the speaker and hearer acting together, rather than solely to the competent individual agency of the hearer.
claimJohn Greco (2020) utilizes a joint agency framework to analyze testimonial knowledge, proposing that the transmission of knowledge from a speaker to a hearer constitutes a form of joint agency rather than individual agency.
The Epistemology of Collective Testimony - Journal of Social Ontology journalofsocialontology.org Mar 1, 2022 1 fact
perspectiveThe author of 'The Epistemology of Collective Testimony' argues that the account of collective testimony based on a collective commitment to trustworthiness holds the most promise for preserving the distinctiveness of testimonial knowledge while underwriting a robust epistemology of collective testimony.
Virtue Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 9, 1999 1 fact
claimJennifer Lackey (2009) argues that the virtue epistemology credit thesis faces a dilemma: if creditworthiness is defined strictly enough to exclude Gettier subjects, it excludes too much testimonial knowledge, but if it is defined loosely, it is refuted by Gettier cases.