concept

Stroop task

Also known as: Stroop Test

Facts (36)

Sources

Investigating the impact of sleep quality on cognitive functions ... frontiersin.org Frontiers 36 facts

measurementIn the moderation analysis of university students in Tokyo and London, the interaction terms for the Stroop Test (β = -0.10, p = 0.21), Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM) (β = -0.05, p = 0.32), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) (β = -0.12, p = 0.09) were not statistically significant.

referenceThe study 'Investigating the impact of sleep quality on cognitive functions' utilized a moderation analysis to test whether the relationship between sleep quality (PSQI scores) and cognitive performance (measured by RAVLT, Stroop Test, RPM, and WCST) differs significantly between university students in Tokyo and London.

procedureThe study used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), actigraphy, and a battery of cognitive assessments including the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Stroop Test, Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to measure sleep and cognitive performance.

measurementUniversity students in London outperformed university students in Tokyo on cognitive assessments, including the RAVLT (56.6 vs 53.8), Stroop Test (78.4 vs 73.2), RPM (28.7 vs 27.5), and WCST (54.7 vs 50.1).

imageThe study comparing Tokyo and London students found the following Pearson correlation coefficients (r) between PSQI scores and cognitive measures: RAVLT (Tokyo: -0.40, London: -0.25), Stroop Test (Tokyo: -0.35, London: -0.20), RPM (Tokyo: -0.30, London: -0.15), and WCST (Tokyo: -0.42, London: -0.28).

claimThe impact of sleep quality on attention and executive function is independent of demographic factors, as indicated by the PSQI score's predictive relationship with Stroop Test performance.

measurementThe correlation between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores and Stroop Test performance is -0.28 (p < 0.001), indicating a weak to moderate negative relationship between sleep quality and attention and executive function.

procedureThe Stroop task procedure involves presenting participants with color words printed in different ink colors and instructing them to name the ink color while ignoring the word itself, with the difference in completion time between congruent and incongruent trials serving as a measure of interference control.

formulaThe Stroop Test scores represent the time taken to complete the task in seconds.

measurementIn a moderation analysis of university students in Tokyo and London, the interaction term (PSQI x City) for the Stroop Test was β = -0.10 (SE = 0.08, t = -1.25, p = 0.21).

measurementHigher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, which indicate poorer sleep quality, are associated with lower performance on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Stroop Test, Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) (p < 0.001).

referenceThe study utilized the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test to measure verbal learning and memory, the Stroop Test to assess attention and cognitive flexibility, Raven's Progressive Matrices to measure abstract reasoning, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test to evaluate executive functioning.

claimThe Stroop Test stimuli were adapted for students in Tokyo by using Japanese words for colors: AKA (Red), AO (Blue), MIDORI (Green), and KIIRO (Yellow), printed in red, blue, green, and yellow ink, respectively.

measurementThe Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score significantly predicts performance on the Stroop Test (β = -0.15, p < 0.001) after controlling for demographic variables, indicating that poor sleep quality has an independent negative influence on attention and executive function.

measurementThere is no statistically significant difference in Stroop Test performance between students in Tokyo and London when sleep quality is controlled (β = 0.15, p = 0.10), and the interaction between PSQI scores and city location on Stroop Test performance is not significant (β = −0.10, p = 0.21), suggesting the effect of sleep on attention is consistent across both cities.

referenceThe Stroop Test assesses attention and cognitive flexibility by requiring participants to name the color of ink used to print words that denote different colors, a method described by Scarpina and Tagini in 2017.

claimPoor sleep quality correlates negatively with performance on the Stroop Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), suggesting that sleep deprivation impairs attention, executive functions, and information processing efficiency.

referenceScarpina and Tagini (2017) provided an overview of the Stroop Color and Word Test.

measurementThe correlation between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) is r = -0.32 (p < 0.001); the correlation with the Stroop Test is r = -0.28 (p < 0.001); the correlation with Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM) is r = -0.25 (p < 0.001); and the correlation with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is r = -0.35 (p < 0.001).

measurementPoorer sleep quality, as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), is significantly associated with slower Stroop Test performance (β = −0.25, p < 0.001) across both Tokyo and London student populations.

measurementIn regression analyses predicting cognitive performance from Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, the standardized regression coefficient (β) for the RAVLT is -0.20 (SE 0.05, p < 0.001), for the Stroop Test is -0.15 (SE 0.04, p < 0.001), for the RPM is -0.12 (SE 0.03, p < 0.01), and for the WCST is -0.23 (SE 0.06, p < 0.001).

measurementThere is no statistically significant difference in Stroop Test performance between students in Tokyo and London when sleep quality is controlled for (β = 0.15, p = 0.10).

measurementThe correlation between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores and Stroop test performance is −0.35 (p < 0.001) for students in Tokyo and −0.20 (p < 0.01) for students in London.

claimRegression analyses indicate that Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores significantly predict performance on cognitive measures (RAVLT, Stroop Test, RPM, and WCST) even after controlling for demographic variables (age, gender, socioeconomic status) and actigraphy-measured sleep duration and efficiency.

measurementThe correlation coefficient (r) between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores and Stroop Test performance is -0.28 (p < 0.001).

measurementUniversity students in Tokyo scored lower on the Stroop Test with a mean of 73.2 (SD = 11.5) compared to university students in London, who scored a mean of 78.4 (SD = 12.8).

measurementThe regression analysis for the Stroop Test showed a standardized regression coefficient (β) of -0.15, a standard error (SE) of 0.04, a t-statistic of -3.75, and a p-value < 0.001.

measurementThe correlation between PSQI scores and Stroop Test (attention and executive function) performance is -0.35 in Tokyo and -0.20 in London.

measurementThe relationship between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores and Stroop Test performance does not differ significantly between students in Tokyo and London (β = −0.10, p = 0.21).

claimThe Stroop Test relies on the automaticity of reading, which makes it challenging for participants to suppress the urge to read the word instead of naming the color of the ink.

measurementThe relationship between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores and Stroop Test performance does not differ significantly between Tokyo and London (β = −0.10, p = 0.21), suggesting the magnitude of the effect of sleep quality on attention and executive function is consistent across both cultural contexts.

measurementThe correlation between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores and Stroop Test performance is −0.35 in Tokyo and −0.20 in London.

claimPoor sleep quality, as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), is significantly associated with lower cognitive performance across domains including verbal learning and memory (measured by the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), attention and executive function (measured by the Stroop Test), non-verbal reasoning (measured by the Raven's Progressive Matrices), and cognitive flexibility (measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test).

claimA study investigating university students in Tokyo, Japan, and London, UK, found significant negative associations between sleep quality (measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and cognitive performance across domains including verbal learning and memory (RAVLT), attention and executive function (Stroop Test), non-verbal reasoning (RPM), and cognitive flexibility (WCST).

claimThe Stroop Test measures attention and executive function by assessing the ability to inhibit interference, relying on the automaticity of reading to make it challenging for participants to suppress the urge to read the word instead of naming the ink color.