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pluripotent stem cells
Also known as: PSCs, pluripotent cells, pluripotent embryonic stem cells
Facts (24)
Sources
Mitochondria and the dynamic control of stem cell homeostasis link.springer.com Apr 16, 2018 18 facts
claimThe hyper-sensitivity of pluripotent stem cells to DNA damage is termed 'mitochondrial priming', referring to the fact that their cell death pathways are specific to mitochondria-triggered apoptosis rather than receptor-mediated apoptosis.
claimPluripotent stem cells (PSCs) carrying a high mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation load generate defective differentiated cells.
claimMitochondrial priming allows pluripotent stem cells to rapidly undergo cell death following DNA damage.
claimAn increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), independent of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), promotes the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and neural stem cells (NSCs).
claimOxidative metabolism is activated during the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs).
claimPluripotent stem cells (PSCs) express high levels of the mitochondrial protein uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which regulates glucose oxidation by transporting metabolites out of the mitochondria.
claimMa et al. (2015) demonstrated metabolic rescue in pluripotent cells derived from patients with mitochondrial DNA disease in their paper 'Metabolic rescue in pluripotent cells from patients with mtDNA disease' published in Nature.
claimThe regulation of intracellular calcium is considered crucial for the physiological differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and adult stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs).
claimThe perinuclear localization of mitochondria observed in pluripotent stem cells is suggested to play a role in the oxygen-dependent regulation of cell fate.
claimTumor cells and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) utilize a glycolytic state to support high proliferative rates by generating biomass precursors via glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.
claimGlobal DNA hypomethylation is a feature of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) required during cellular reprogramming to establish pluripotency.
claimPluripotent stem cells possess high DNA repair capacity and antioxidant defenses, specifically glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase-2 (GPX2), which are downregulated upon differentiation.
claimPluripotent stem cells (PSCs) exhibit reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reduced ROS-mediated damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA.
referenceWeissbein, Benvenisty, and Ben-David (2014) discuss genome maintenance mechanisms in pluripotent stem cells in their paper 'Genome maintenance in pluripotent stem cells' published in the Journal of Cell Biology.
claimPluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are highly sensitive to agents that cause DNA lesions, such as pro-apoptotic chemicals and gamma irradiation.
claimPluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and cancer cells may maintain low levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication by reducing the activity of the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial polymerase gamma A (POLGA) through hypermethylation at its exon 2.
claimAdult stem cells are generally considered more resistant to cell death than pluripotent stem cells, though they may still undergo cell death in response to DNA damage.
claimPluripotent stem cells maintain a specific state of BCL-2 family proteins characterized by high levels of pro-apoptotic proteins (BAX, BAK, BOK/MTD) and low levels of anti-apoptotic proteins (BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-W, MCL-1).
Cellular rejuvenation: molecular mechanisms and potential ... - Nature nature.com Mar 14, 2023 3 facts
referenceLe et al. (2014) report enhanced telomere rejuvenation in pluripotent cells reprogrammed via nuclear transfer relative to induced pluripotent stem cells, as published in Cell Stem Cell.
referencePluripotent stem cells can be induced from mouse somatic cells by small-molecule compounds, according to Pasyukova and Vaiserman in Science (2013).
referenceGill et al. (2022) published 'Chemical reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells' in Nature, describing a method for chemical-based cellular reprogramming.
Excitation-contraction coupling in mammalian skeletal muscle frontiersin.org 1 fact
referenceTakahashi and Yamanaka (2006) demonstrated the induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures using defined factors.
Rusty Gage, PhD - Salk Institute salk.edu 1 fact
referenceK.A. D'Amour and F.H. Gage identified genetic and functional differences between multipotent neural stem cells and pluripotent embryonic stem cells.
Recent advances in molecular mechanisms of skin wound ... frontiersin.org 1 fact
referenceTakahashi, K., Tanabe, K., Ohnuki, M., Narita, M., Ichisaka, T., Tomoda, K., et al. described the induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors in a 2007 paper published in Cell (doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.019).