Knowledge Tree
nerve impulse
Also known as: nerve signal, nerve impulses
Facts (20)
Sources
Thinking about the action potential: the nerve signal as a window to ... frontiersin.org 17 facts
claimResearchers have investigated the role of the lipid bilayer membrane and the neuronal cytoskeleton in the action potential, as these structures lack a defined role in the purely electrical conception of the nerve signal.
claimNon-electrical physical manifestations of the action potential, including mechanical, thermal, and optical changes, occur in synchrony with the propagating nerve signal but are not easily explained by the purely electrical Hodgkin-Huxley formalism.
claimThe article 'Thinking about the action potential: the nerve signal as a window to the physical principles guiding neuronal excitability' covers topics including neurons, phase transitions, axonal membrane-cytoskeleton, nerve impulses, signal transmission, and communication.
claimDrukarch et al. (2022) proposed that the thermodynamic theory of action potential propagation provides a basis for unifying the physics of nerve impulses.
claimBottom-up models of the nerve impulse, such as the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model, suffer from a lack of generalization because they focus on the physics relevant to a specific purpose or application, such as explaining the electrical manifestations of the action potential.
quoteJerusalem et al. (2019) described bottom-up models of the nerve impulse as follows: “similar to the coupling of Nernst’s theory of the electrochemistry of semi-permeable membranes to the laws of electricity (e.g., Ohm’s and Coulomb’s laws) and Kelvin’s cable theory in the purely electrical HH model of the nerve impulse, aim primarily to itemize the different physics involved in the experimental observations linking them by physical laws.”
perspectiveThe authors of the article argue that the nerve signal should be understood as an electro-mechanical or multi-physics wave rather than a purely electrical phenomenon.
claimThe 'soliton model' of action potentials, proposed by Heimburg and Jackson in 2005, posits that the nerve signal is an electro-mechanical wave phenomenon.
perspectiveThe authors propose that the nerve signal should be treated as a 'mesoscopic'-level phenomenon that emerges from the collective material properties of the 'axolemma-ectoplasm complex', which is maintained in a state near a phase transition under prevailing environmental conditions.
claimKaufmann’s and HJ’s thermodynamic theory of the nerve signal posits that the action potential wave front propagates as a reversible elastic process, similar to the propagation of sound, rather than as an irreversible diffusive process like the burning of a fuse of gunpowder.
claimSome groups of bioscientists argue that the current conception of neuronal excitability is too narrow and should be expanded to incorporate both electrical and non-electrical aspects of the nerve impulse into a 'fully coupled model'.
claimThe understanding of the traveling nerve signal as an electro-mechanical wave encompasses electrical, mechanical, and other manifestations.
claimThe electro-mechanical phenomenology of the nerve signal emerges from the collective properties of the axonal membrane, where a compression wave propagates similarly to a sound wave.
claimThe HJ soliton theory currently lacks the ability to account for neuronal excitation in a quantitative manner, whereas the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model provides a quantitative account of both action potential generation and propagation, though it only covers the electric characteristics of the nerve signal.
claimAdrian (1932) and contemporary neurophysiologists utilized electronic communications technology to transform the concepts of 'propagated disturbance' and 'action current' into the well-characterized 'nerve impulse,' enabling mathematical modeling at systems, cellular, and molecular levels.
claimAlan Hodgkin acknowledged in 1964 that the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model is dissipative in nature and fails to provide a plausible explanation for reversible, non-electrical manifestations of the nerve signal.
perspectiveThe electronics-based framework of neuronal excitability introduced by Adrian (1932) has been criticized for failing to account for experimental observations indicating that the nerve impulse is a multi-physics phenomenon involving co-propagating, non-electrical signs, as noted by Drukarch et al. (2018).
Quantum Approaches to Consciousness plato.stanford.edu Nov 30, 2004 1 fact
claimIn chemical synapses, information flow is initiated by exocytosis, where transmitters are released in the presynaptic terminal triggered by an arriving nerve impulse with a small probability.
Quantum Approaches to Consciousness plato.stanford.edu Nov 30, 2004 1 fact
claimInformation flow between neurons in chemical synapses is initiated by exocytosis, which is the release of transmitters in the presynaptic terminal triggered by a nerve impulse.
Action potential: Definition, Steps, Phases | Kenhub kenhub.com 1 fact
claimIn humans, synapses are chemical, meaning nerve impulses are transmitted from the axon ending to the target tissue via chemical substances called neurotransmitters or ligands.