Knowledge Tree
Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Also known as: LMIC, LMICs, low- and middle-income country, low- or middle-income countries
Facts (42)
Sources
Cross-cultural similarities and variations in parent-child value ... nature.com Nov 26, 2025 18 facts
claimThe Thrive by Five application provides evidence-based early childhood development information and activities to support children's socio-emotional and cognitive development, foster healthy caregiver-child interactions, and promote the importance of early childhood development in low- and middle-income countries.
measurementThe study on parent-child value transmission in LMICs identified 20 values cited in multiple countries as sub-themes, and an additional ten values that were cited in only one country each.
referenceMcCoy et al. published a 2016 study providing national, regional, and global prevalence estimates of early childhood developmental status in low- and middle-income countries using predictive modeling.
claimParents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) may prioritize instilling introspective values in their children to pass on ideas of right and wrong, conceptualizing justice as a personal responsibility rather than an abstract moral principle.
claimThe study focuses on the values parents in 12 low- and middle-income countries desire to pass on to their children, based on data from co-design workshops.
referenceAlam et al. (2023) conducted a study on a parenting app designed to support socio-emotional and cognitive development in early childhood, utilizing iterative co-design learnings from nine low-income and middle-income countries.
measurementThe mixed-methods study investigated cross-cultural similarities and variations in parent-child value transmission in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) by conducting 70 workshops with 265 parents/caregivers and 83 subject matter experts (SMEs) from 12 different countries.
procedureThe study utilizes co-design workshops conducted in 12 low- and middle-income countries across Africa, Asia, and Oceania to develop culturally responsive early childhood development (ECD) interventions.
claimThe research project supporting the Thrive by Five application aims to ensure the application's usability, acceptability, and cultural appropriateness for users in low- and middle-income countries.
measurementThe mixed-methods study on parent-child value transmission in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) involved stakeholder groups across 12 countries.
claimThe mixed-methods study investigates cross-cultural similarities and variations in parent-child value transmission in low- and middle-income countries.
claimThe study on parent-child value transmission in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) faced limitations in generalizability due to the inability to guarantee equal representation of participants across different socioeconomic statuses, literacy levels, education, and cultural beliefs.
referenceLaMonica et al. published a multicase study in 2025 detailing the top 10 research lessons learned from a digital child-rearing program implemented in low- and middle-income countries.
measurementParticipants across 12 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) identified 30 distinct values they desired to pass on to their children, with 20 of these values cited in multiple countries and 10 values cited in only a single country.
claimThe research team comprised individuals from diverse disciplinary backgrounds and countries, including WEIRD countries (Australia and the United States) and LMICs (Bangladesh, Iran, India, and Pakistan).
claimThe study on parent-child value transmission in LMICs identified four main themes of values: introspective values, interpersonal values, community-building values, and future-oriented values.
referenceKretchmer (2020) notes that there is limited access to online content in many underrepresented local languages among Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), such as Papua New Guinea.
claimThe study identified instrumental values (such as courage, honesty, responsibility, forgiveness, independence, and academic competence) as more salient than terminal values (such as happiness, inner harmony, freedom, pleasure, an exciting life, social recognition, true friendship, and a comfortable life) in the context of parent-child value transmission in LMICs.
Dietary diversity insufficiently explains differences in prevalence of ... journals.plos.org 5 facts
referenceMayén et al. (2014) conducted a systematic review of socioeconomic determinants of dietary patterns in low- and middle-income countries.
claimAll countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) except the Seychelles are classified as low- or middle-income countries (LMICs) with large proportions of their populations living below the poverty line.
measurementThe prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy is above 40% in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), compared to below 20% in high-income countries.
referenceDarnton-Hill and Mkparu (2015) examined micronutrients in pregnancy within low- and middle-income countries.
claimStudies in Latin America, Luxembourg, and other low- and middle-income countries have consistently reported that individuals in lower socioeconomic positions consume fewer vegetables, fruits, seafood, and whole grains, but consume more legumes and have lower dietary diversity compared to those in higher socioeconomic positions.
Measurement of diets that are healthy, environmentally sustainable ... frontiersin.org 5 facts
claimResearch on healthy diets from sustainable food systems under-represents low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
claimThe six publications in the review focusing on low- and middle-income countries studied middle-income nations (Lebanon, Brazil, India, Iran, and Peru) rather than low-income nations.
claimMelesse et al. limited their selection of indicators to those for which data is covered in datasets widely available for low- and middle-income countries in the name of practical applicability.
claimThe scarcity of data and analyses focused on low- and middle-income country contexts acts as a major constraint to understanding global dietary patterns and identifying appropriate policies outside of high-income settings.
measurementOnly six of the 42 publications included in the review are explicitly focused on low- and middle-income country (LMIC) contexts.
Neurodiversity in Practice: a Conceptual Model of Autistic Strengths ... link.springer.com Jul 25, 2023 4 facts
referenceKumar, S. V., et al. (2022) performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of early childhood intervention programs for developmental difficulties in low- and middle-income countries in the article 'A systematic review and meta-analysis of early childhood intervention programs for developmental difficulties in low-and-middle-income countries' published in the Asian Journal of Psychiatry.
referenceKohrt, B. A., Asher, L., Bhardwaj, A., Fazel, M., Jordans, M. J. D., Mutamba, B. B., Nadkarni, A., Pedersen, G. A., Singla, D. R., & Patel, V. (2018) conducted a meta-review of components and competencies regarding the role of communities in mental health care in low- and middle-income countries in the article 'The role of communities in mental health care in low- and middle-income countries: A meta-review of components and competencies' published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
referenceKumar, S. V., Narayan, S., Malo, P. K., Bhaskarapillai, B., Thippeswamy, H., Desai, G., & Kishore, M. T. (2022) performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of early childhood intervention programs for developmental difficulties in low-and-middle-income countries in the article 'A systematic review and meta-analysis of early childhood intervention programs for developmental difficulties in low-and-middle-income countries' published in the Asian Journal of Psychiatry.
referenceKohrt, B. A., et al. (2018) conducted a meta-review of components and competencies regarding the role of communities in mental health care in low- and middle-income countries in the article 'The role of communities in mental health care in low- and middle-income countries: A meta-review of components and competencies' published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
Framework for People-Powered Energy Transitions resourcegovernance.org Jul 17, 2024 2 facts
claimThe global energy transition risks leaving low- and middle-income countries behind unless the transition is just.
claimThe global energy transition risks marginalizing low- and middle-income countries, particularly those dependent on fossil fuel production or mineral extraction, unless the transition is just.
Diet Quality Indices: Measures for Bridging Nutrition and Public Health link.springer.com 2 days ago 2 facts
referenceDiop L et al. (2025) published research in Cur Dev Nutr proposing that the 'minimum dietary diversity for women' indicator can be extended to children and adolescents aged 4–15 years as a proxy for micronutrient adequacy in low- and middle-income countries.
referenceThe abbreviation LMICs stands for low- and middle-income countries.
Cross-context equivalence and agreement of healthy diet metrics for ... openknowledge.fao.org Oct 3, 2024 1 fact
claimThe FAO/WHO Global Individual Food consumption data Tool (GIFT) was developed to increase the quality, availability, and use of Individual Quantitative Food Consumption (IQFC) data in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) to support evidence-based decision-making and policy development regarding nutrition and food safety.
5.1 Physical Health and Growth in Early Childhood - OpenStax openstax.org Oct 16, 2024 1 fact
claimSocioeconomic factors influence height and weight, as children in high-income countries who receive better nutrition and health care grow taller and weigh more than their peers in low- and middle-income countries.
Carbon Pricing for Inclusive Prosperity: The Role of Public Support econfip.org 1 fact
referenceThe academic paper 'Poverty and distributional effects of carbon pricing in low-and middle-income countries–A global comparative analysis' was published in World Development, volume 115, pages 246-257.
The Role Of Nutrition In Early Childhood Development And Its ... discovery.researcher.life Oct 30, 2024 1 fact
referenceThe chapter on early childhood development discusses mental development from birth to age 24 months in low- and middle-income countries.
What does Just Transition mean for Middle Income Countries? un.org 1 fact
measurementMany low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have relatively young populations, whereas many rich countries have sizable older-age populations and declining population growth.
Cross-cultural similarities and differences in parenting - PubMed - NIH pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Nov 11, 2021 1 fact
referenceAlampay et al. (2018) published research titled 'Preventing child maltreatment in low- and middle-income countries: Parenting for Lifelong Health in the Philippines' in the book 'Developmental science and sustainable development goals for children and youth.'