Knowledge Tree
immune response
Also known as: immune responses
Facts (48)
Sources
Immunity In Depth | Linus Pauling Institute lpi.oregonstate.edu 21 facts
claimInflammation is a key component of the immediate immune response that can cause damage to host tissues.
claimPoor overall nutrition, including inadequate intake of energy, macronutrients, and specific micronutrients, can lead to immunosuppression and dysregulation of immune responses.
referenceMilner JJ and Beck MA published a review titled 'The impact of obesity on the immune response to infection' in the Proceedings of the Nutrition Society in 2012 (volume 71, issue 2, pages 298-306).
claimKey intermediates in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway are involved in the regulation of immune responses.
claimHelper T cells enhance immune responses and aid in the function of other lymphocytes.
claimThe alpha-tocopherol form of vitamin E protects against the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can cause cellular damage and lead to improper immune responses.
claimEicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) modulate cellular functions, including immune and inflammatory responses.
claimAdequate selenium intake is essential for a proper immune response because selenium is required for the function of selenoproteins, which are selenium-dependent enzymes.
claimSelenium plays a role in regulating the production of cytokines and eicosanoids that orchestrate the immune response.
claimRandomized controlled trials in humans indicate that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may suppress some aspects of the immune response, with dose and participant age acting as modulating factors.
claimRegulatory T cells, sometimes called suppressor T cells, function to suppress immune responses.
claimInadequate zinc intake leads to zinc deficiency, which results in compromised immune responses.
claimCytokines are chemical messengers that regulate the immune response, with some, such as certain interferons, directly fighting pathogens like viruses.
claimDietary lipids, specifically long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the omega-3 and omega-6 classes, can modulate the immune response.
claimAlpha-tocopherol enhances the T cell-mediated immune response that typically declines with advancing age.
claimZinc and vitamin A supplementation affects the immune response in an older population, according to Fortes C et al. in a 1998 study.
claimEicosanoids are 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives that play key roles in inflammatory and immune responses.
claimIron deficiency impairs immune responses, as the host requires iron to mount effective immune responses to invading pathogens.
claimMalnutrition-induced impaired immune responses increase susceptibility to infection and illness, which can subsequently exacerbate malnutrition by reducing nutrient intake, impairing nutrient absorption, increasing nutrient losses, or altering metabolism.
claimThe tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is activated during pro-inflammatory immune responses and plays a critical role in immune tolerance of the fetus during pregnancy.
claimAutoimmune diseases occur when the body mounts an immune response against its own tissue instead of a foreign pathogen.
Parts of the Immune System | Children's Hospital of Philadelphia chop.edu 4 facts
claimCytokines are small proteins that guide immune responses by binding to cell surface receptors, triggering actions such as cell growth, change, reproduction, or interaction with other cells.
claimThe first immune response to an infection or vaccination is called the primary immune response.
claimRegulatory T cells manage the immune response by signaling for increased activity early in an infection and signaling for a decrease in the response as the infection is brought under control.
claimCommensal bacteria are bacteria that live on human skin or in the digestive tract without triggering an immune response to remove them.
The components of the immune system - Immunobiology - NCBI - NIH ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 4 facts
claimImmune responses are mediated by leukocytes, which derive from precursors in the bone marrow.
claimLymphocytes can mount a specific immune response against virtually any foreign antigen because each individual lymphocyte matures with a unique variant of an antigen receptor, creating a diverse collective repertoire.
claimGranulocytes are relatively short-lived cells that are produced in increased numbers during immune responses, migrating from the blood to sites of infection or inflammation.
claimGranulocytes are relatively short-lived cells produced in increased numbers during immune responses, migrating from the blood to sites of infection or inflammation.
Infection vs Inflammation: What Your Wound Is Telling You altitudedermatology.com Jul 15, 2025 2 facts
The Center for Inflammation Science and Systems Medicine wertheim.scripps.ufl.edu 2 facts
claimAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an example of a dysregulated immune response characterized by unremitting inflammation that develops after sepsis, trauma, or pneumonia from bacteria or viruses, including COVID-19.
claimIn survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and individuals with chronic disorders, a dysregulated immune response can lead to persistent inflammation lasting months to years due to genetic predisposition and ongoing environmental exposures.
The immune system and primary immunodeficiency primaryimmune.org 2 facts
What are Cytokines? Types & Function - Cleveland Clinic my.clevelandclinic.org Jan 3, 2023 2 facts
Understanding the Stages of Wound Healing healogics.com 1 fact
claimBacteria in chronic wounds can form biofilms, which makes the bacteria resistant to antibiotics and the body’s immune response.
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies of Traditionally Used ... heraldopenaccess.us 1 fact
claimMorshedy et al. (2019) studied the effects of supplementing growing rabbits with peppermint and basil essential oils on growth performance, carcass traits, immune response, and antioxidant status.
Western diet – Knowledge and References - Taylor & Francis taylorandfrancis.com 1 fact
claimThe bacterial community that colonizes the gut is evolved to function symbiotically with the host, aiding in digestion and proper immune response.
What is Inflammation? Causes, Effects, Treatment - Harvard Health health.harvard.edu Mar 27, 2023 1 fact
claimCytokines are small proteins that play an essential role in normal immune responses, but large amounts of cytokines can lead to inflammation.
A Comprehensive Review on the Therapeutic Properties of ... traditionalmedicine.actabotanica.org 1 fact
referenceA study published in the 'Journal of Ethnopharmacology' found that Echinacea extracts enhance immune response by stimulating the production of immune cells and activating natural killer cells.
What Are The Global Impacts of The Western Diet On Health? rupahealth.com 1 fact
procedureAn elimination diet procedure involves temporarily excluding one or more suspect foods for a few weeks while maintaining a journal to record physical reactions. The goal is to uncover underlying food sensitivities, inflammatory foods, and substances affecting the digestive system and immune response, followed by gradually reintegrating the foods to monitor their effects.
Inflammation: Types, symptoms, causes, and treatment medicalnewstoday.com 1 fact
claimThe body initiates an immune response by sending cells to defend against foreign bodies, including thorns, irritants, or pathogens like bacteria and viruses.
Medicinal plants and human health: a comprehensive review of ... link.springer.com Nov 5, 2025 1 fact
referencePolysaccharides from Arctium lappa L. (greater burdock) regulate immune responses and inhibit inflammation in cells via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, as reported by Zeng et al. in 2024.
Complexity and the Evolution of Consciousness | Biological Theory link.springer.com Sep 14, 2022 1 fact
quoteMarian Dawkins stated: "Animals usually have more than one kind of danger to avoid. They have complex tradeoffs at all levels in order to minimize reductions of fitness in facing a wide range of threats. At different times of the day or year, or depending on external circumstances, they will reallocate priorities: For example, animals may depress or enhance their immune responses, increase or decrease their physiological “stress” responses, or find some stimuli more or less aversive."
Medicinal plants: bioactive compounds, biological activities ... frontiersin.org 1 fact
claimSecreted virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus impair the host immune response by releasing nutrients and promoting pathogen dissemination.
List of systems of the human body - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 1 fact
referenceThe lymphatic system returns lymph to the bloodstream, aids immune responses, and forms white blood cells, utilizing lymph, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, tonsils, spleen, and thymus.