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human embryonic stem cells
Also known as: ESC, ESCs, human embryonic stem cells, embryonic stem cells
Facts (26)
Sources
Mitochondria and the dynamic control of stem cell homeostasis link.springer.com Apr 16, 2018 12 facts
referenceMoussaieff et al. (2015) showed that glycolysis-mediated changes in acetyl-CoA and histone acetylation control the early differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
claimLow oxygen conditions increase the glycolytic flux of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and improve the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
referenceForristal et al. (2013) demonstrated that environmental oxygen tension regulates the energy metabolism and self-renewal capacity of human embryonic stem cells.
referenceHwang I-Y et al. reported in 2016 that Psat1-dependent fluctuations in α-ketoglutarate affect the timing of embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation.
referenceMandal et al. (2011) established that mitochondrial function controls the proliferation and early differentiation potential of embryonic stem cells.
referenceHIF1α induces a switch from bivalent to exclusively glycolytic metabolism during the transition from embryonic stem cells to epiblast stem cells, according to Zhou et al. in The EMBO Journal in 2012.
referenceZhu C et al. mapped single-cell 5-formylcytosine landscapes of mammalian early embryos and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) at single-base resolution in 2017.
referencePrigione A et al. reported in 2011 that human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) harbor both homoplasmic and heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA mutations while maintaining metabolic reprogramming similar to human embryonic stem cells (hESCs).
claimMaynard et al. (2008) found that human embryonic stem cells possess enhanced repair capabilities for multiple forms of DNA damage, as published in 'Human embryonic stem cells have enhanced repair of multiple forms of DNA damage' in Stem Cells.
referenceCarey BW et al. demonstrated in 2014 that intracellular α-ketoglutarate maintains the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells.
claimArmstrong et al. (2010) report that human induced pluripotent stem cell lines exhibit stress defense mechanisms and mitochondrial regulation similar to those of human embryonic stem cells, as detailed in 'Human induced pluripotent stem cell lines show stress defense mechanisms and mitochondrial regulation similar to those of human embryonic stem cells' published in Stem Cells.
claimCervantes et al. (2002) report that embryonic stem cells and somatic cells differ in their mutation frequency and type in the paper 'Embryonic stem cells and somatic cells differ in mutation frequency and type' published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Cellular rejuvenation: molecular mechanisms and potential ... - Nature nature.com Mar 14, 2023 9 facts
procedureThe generation of thymic epithelial progenitors (TEPs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) involves a two-step procedure: first, treatment with activin A to direct cell fate toward definitive endoderm, followed by the regulation of Wnt, TGF‐β, Shh, retinoic acid, BMP4, and FGF signaling pathways.
claimTrabecular meshwork stem cells (TMSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated efficacy in maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) equilibrium and restoring trabecular meshwork (TM) cellularity.
referenceSun et al. (2013) demonstrated the generation of functional thymic epithelium from human embryonic stem cells that supports host T cell development.
claimStem cell sources implicated in Parkinson’s disease treatment include neural stem cells, human embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and directly induced dopamine neurons.
referenceDeb et al. (2008) reviewed embryonic stem cells, covering topics from markers to market applications.
claimEmbryonic stem cells (ESCs) require low oxygen levels to survive, a condition that begins at embryonic implantation and persists throughout fetal development.
claimCandidate cell sources for rejuvenating chronic lung disease include hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and bronchoalveolar stem cells.
claimChemical activation of the thymus organogenesis program directs human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to differentiate into thymic precursor lineage, promoting functional regeneration of the human thymus in vivo.
claimLin et al. reported that microRNA-302s can convert skin cancer cells into iPSCs, resulting in decreased tumorigenicity and genomic demethylation, with these pluripotent cancer cells displaying more than 86% gene expression similarity to human embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines.
Rusty Gage, PhD - Salk Institute salk.edu 2 facts
Integrating allostasis and emerging technologies to study complex ... nature.com Nov 5, 2025 1 fact
claimHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are reprogrammed from a patient’s somatic cells, allow for personalized research that captures a patient’s specific genetic background while avoiding the ethical concerns associated with embryonic stem cells.
Theories of Ageing across Ages (Chapter 2) - The Biodemography ... cambridge.org Nov 14, 2024 1 fact
claimG. Saretzki et al. observed in 2008 that human embryonic stem cells undergo a downregulation of multiple stress defense mechanisms during the process of differentiation.
Bioelectricity - The Levin Lab drmichaellevin.org 1 fact
claimModulation of potassium channels confers a hyperproliferative invasive phenotype on embryonic stem cells, according to a 2008 study by Morokuma, Blackiston, Adams, Seebohm, Trimmer, and Levin published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.