Knowledge Tree
exocytosis
Facts (21)
Sources
Quantum Approaches to Consciousness plato.stanford.edu Nov 30, 2004 8 facts
claimIn chemical synapses, information flow is initiated by exocytosis, where transmitters are released in the presynaptic terminal triggered by an arriving nerve impulse with a small probability.
quoteFriedrich Beck and John Eccles (1992) stated: “mental intention (volition) becomes neurally effective by momentarily increasing the probability of exocytosis”.
referenceFriedrich Beck and John Eccles proposed in the 1990s that mental intentions can influence quantum mechanical processes relevant to exocytosis at the synaptic cleft.
claimThe quantum trigger mechanism proposed by Friedrich Beck and John Eccles (1992) yields a probability of exocytosis between 0 and 0.7, which aligns with empirical observations.
claimThe approach by Beck and Eccles applies standard quantum mechanics to the process of exocytosis, but it does not solve the problem of how the activity of single synapses enters the dynamics of neural assemblies, and it leaves mental causation of quantum processes as a mere claim.
claimAt chemical synapses, a signal is propagated when a chemical transmitter, such as glutamate, is released at the presynaptic terminal via exocytosis, diffuses across the synaptic cleft, and binds to receptors at the postsynaptic membrane to open an ion channel.
claimThe quantum trigger mechanism for exocytosis can be understood as electron transfer between biomolecules, based on theoretical frameworks developed by Marcus (1956) and Jortner (1976).
referenceThe model developed by Beck and Eccles applies concrete quantum mechanical features to describe the details of the process of exocytosis at chemical synapses.
Quantum Approaches to Consciousness plato.stanford.edu Nov 30, 2004 5 facts
claimExocytosis, the process of releasing transmitters in the presynaptic terminal to initiate information flow between neurons, can be described statistically using thermodynamics or quantum mechanics.
claimThe quantum consciousness approach developed by Friedrich Beck and John Eccles, and refined by Matthew Fisher, provides a detailed application of standard quantum mechanics to the process of exocytosis.
measurementThe probability of exocytosis in the brain is in the range between 0 and 0.7, which aligns with empirical observations.
claimBeck and Eccles suggested in the 1990s that quantum mechanical processes relevant to exocytosis at the synaptic cleft can be influenced by mental intentions.
quote“mental intention (volition) becomes neurally effective by momentarily increasing the probability of exocytosis”
Quantum Approaches to Consciousness plato.stanford.edu Nov 30, 2004 4 facts
measurementThe trigger mechanism for exocytosis proposed by Beck and Eccles (1992) yields a probability of exocytosis between 0 and 0.7, which aligns with empirical observations.
claimInformation flow between neurons in chemical synapses is initiated by exocytosis, which is the release of transmitters in the presynaptic terminal triggered by a nerve impulse.
claimThe model developed by Beck and Eccles proposes that quantum mechanical processes are relevant to the process of exocytosis at synapses and are tightly related to states of consciousness.
claimThe trigger mechanism for exocytosis proposed by Beck and Eccles (1992) is based on the tunneling of two-state quasi-particles, which results in state collapses.
The Hard Problem of Consciousness | Springer Nature Link link.springer.com 2 facts
claimFriedrich Beck and John Eccles hypothesized in 1992 that mental intention becomes neurally effective by momentarily increasing the probability of exocytosis in selected cortical areas, thereby generating increased excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) without violating physical conservation laws.
claimFriedrich Beck and John Eccles proposed that the interaction of mental events with quantum probability amplitudes for exocytosis creates a coherent coupling of individual amplitudes across hundreds of thousands of boutons in a dendron, leading to a variety of modes in brain activity.
Action potential: Definition, Steps, Phases | Kenhub kenhub.com 1 fact
procedureThe process of synaptic transmission involves the following steps: (1) the presynaptic membrane is depolarized by an action potential, (2) calcium voltage-gated channels open, (3) calcium flows into the terminal button, (4) membrane proteins in the presynaptic membrane change state, (5) neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis, (6) neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, (7) ligand-gated ion channels on the postsynaptic membrane open or close, and (8) ions are redistributed in the postsynaptic cell, resulting in either excitatory or inhibitory responses.
Immunity In Depth | Linus Pauling Institute lpi.oregonstate.edu 1 fact
procedureThe process of phagocytosis by a macrophage involves the following steps: (1) recognition and binding of a bacterium, (2) engulfment of the bacterium into an intracellular vesicle called a phagosome, (3) fusion of the phagosome with a lysosome to form a phagolysosome, (4) enzymatic degradation of the bacterium, and (5) release of degraded material from the cell by exocytosis.