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cardiac output
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Sex differences in cardiorespiratory control under hypoxia - Frontiers frontiersin.org Jan 30, 2025 13 facts
measurementUnder normoxia, males have a cardiac output (CO) of 6.43 ± 0.76 L.min−1 and females have 6.99 ± 0.96 L.min−1; under iso-saturation hypoxia, males have 6.85 ± 0.91 L.min−1 and females have 7.46 ± 1.16 L.min−1.
claimUnder iso-time hypoxia, physiological responses include increases in heart rate, cardiac output, the low-frequency band of R-R intervals, blood pressure, and vascular conductance, as well as decreases in the high-frequency band of R-R intervals and baroreflex sensitivity.
claimExposure to iso-saturation hypoxia causes increases in heart rate, cardiac output, low-frequency bands of R-R intervals, blood pressure, tidal volume, and ventilation, while causing decreases in baroreflex sensitivity, total power, and the high-frequency band of R-R intervals.
claimUnder iso-time hypoxia, females exhibit higher heart rates, cardiac output, and total vascular conductance, while males exhibit higher tidal volume, ventilation, and low-frequency bands of blood pressure.
claimFemales presented with tachycardia and increased cardiac output during hypoxia, which may increase blood flow velocity in alveolar-capillary units and lead to a lower time for hematosis.
claimThe time effect of hypoxia was similar for both male and female groups, increasing heart rate, cardiac output, and total vascular conductance while decreasing mean blood pressure.
procedureTo account for body size differences between males and females, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and tidal volume (Vt) are normalized by body surface area (BSA) to produce the indexes SVi, CI, and Vt/BSA, respectively.
procedureIn the study on sex differences in cardiorespiratory control under hypoxia, heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output were recorded using a noninvasive trans-thoracic bioimpedance device (PhysioFlow), R-R intervals were recorded via electrocardiogram (ECG Module), and continuous blood pressure was recorded via infrared photoplethysmography (Finometer PRO).
procedureThe experimental protocol for the study on sex differences in cardiorespiratory control under hypoxia involved recording hemodynamic variables (heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, blood pressure) and respiratory variables (breathing frequency, tidal volume, minute ventilation, SpO2) after a 20-minute rest period in a sitting position.
referenceSiebenmann et al. (2015) published a study in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports titled 'Cardiac output during exercise: a comparison of four methods', which evaluates different methodologies for measuring cardiac output during physical exercise.
measurementFemales had a cardiac output of 6.99 ± 0.96 L.min−1 under normoxia and 7.46 ± 1.16 L.min−1 under iso-saturation hypoxia.
formulaTotal vascular conductance (TVC) is calculated as the ratio between cardiac output (CO) and mean blood pressure.
measurementMales had a cardiac output of 6.43 ± 0.76 L.min−1 under normoxia and 6.85 ± 0.91 L.min−1 under iso-saturation hypoxia.
Sex differences in the cardiopulmonary and neuromuscular ... biorxiv.org Nov 11, 2024 1 fact
referenceHigh-intensity interval exercise is often prescribed to improve an individual’s O2max through positive adaptations to skeletal muscle capillary density, maximum stroke volume, cardiac output, and blood volume, according to MacInnis & Gibala (2017).