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altruistic behavior
Also known as: altruistic behavior, altruistic social behaviors
Facts (10)
Sources
Evolutionary psychology - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 5 facts
claimEvolutionary game theory, tit-for-tat reciprocity, and generalized reciprocity are theories that explain the evolution of altruistic behavior and account for hostility toward individuals who take advantage of the altruism of others.
claimCritics of group selection argued it was a weak explanation because, in loosely-bonded groups lacking strong in-group dynamics, less altruistic individuals are more likely to survive, causing the group to become less self-sacrificing over time.
formulaHamilton's rule states that a gene for altruistic behavior will spread in a population if rb > c, where c is the reproductive cost to the altruist, b is the reproductive benefit to the recipient, and r is the probability of individuals sharing the altruistic gene, commonly viewed as the degree of relatedness.
claimCharles Darwin relied on group selection to explain the evolution of altruistic behavior.
claimAltruists may support unrelated individuals if they recognize altruistic behavior in those individuals.
Psychedelics, Sociality, and Human Evolution frontiersin.org 2 facts
claimPsilocybin increases altruistic behavior by reducing costly punishment in the Ultimatum Game, as participants show increased concern for the outcomes of their interacting partners.
measurementHealthy subjects (n=75) showed positive changes in interpersonal closeness, gratitude, life meaning, forgiveness, and altruistic behavior after psilocybin administration, according to Griffiths et al. (2018).
The Mechanisms of Psychedelic Visionary Experiences - Frontiers frontiersin.org Sep 27, 2017 1 fact
claimThird-party observers noted persisting positive mood changes and altruistic social behaviors following psilocybin use, as reported in studies by Griffiths et al. (2008) and MacLean et al. (2011).
Evolutionary Psychology | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 1 fact
claimRobert Trivers (1971) proposed that altruistic behavior can evolve if it is reciprocal, meaning that if individual A performs an act with benefit bB for individual B and cost cA for A, then B reciprocates with an act with benefit bA for A and cost cB for B, provided that bA outweighs cA and bB outweighs cB.
Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART) frontiersin.org 1 fact
referenceAltruistic behavior is associated with a greater sense of well-being and acceptance, according to Lyubomirsky et al. (2005).