Russia employed Cyber and Electromagnetic Activities (CEMA) operations, including cyber attacks and electronic jamming to disrupt communications, during the 2008 Georgia conflict and the 2014 annexation of Crimea.

Authors

• Person: Not available Organization: JAPCC
  Navigating the Digital Battlefield - Joint Air Power Competence Centre

Sources

• Navigating the Digital Battlefield - Joint Air Power Competence Centre www.japcc.org JAPCC via serper

Referenced by nodes (5)

• Russia location
• Georgia location
• Crimea location
• Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014 event
• Cyber-Electromagnetic Activities concept