The Gulf states' exposure to the 2025 Iranian and Israeli attacks on Qatar, and the subsequent Joint Defense Council statements in September and November 2025, demonstrate that Gulf defense integration remains a work in progress.

Authors

• Person: Bader Al-Saif, Sanam Vakil Organization: War on the Rocks
  Iran and the Gulf: Why Hedging Is No Longer Enough

Sources

• Iran and the Gulf: Why Hedging Is No Longer Enough warontherocks.com Bader Al-Saif, Sanam Vakil · War on the Rocks via serper

Referenced by nodes (2)

• Qatar location
• Gulf states concept