One-way complementarity occurs when component A is necessary for component B, but component B is not necessary for component A; for example, Apple operating systems can function without third-party applications, but those applications cannot function without the operating system.

Authors

• Person: Not available Organization: Springer
  Business ecosystems as a way to activate lock-in in business models

Sources

• Business ecosystems as a way to activate lock-in in business models link.springer.com Springer via serper

Referenced by nodes (3)

• complementarity concept
• Apple entity
• operating system concept