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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is historically linked to dualism as he proposed panpsychism as a philosophical alternative to the dualism of Descartes and Galileo [1]. Furthermore, academic resources like the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy categorize Leibniz's work within the context of the debate between dualism and other metaphysical positions [2], [3].
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Critique of Panpsychism: Philosophical Coherence and Scientific ... thequran.love 1 fact
referenceThe Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on 'Panpsychism' by D. Skrbina provides a historical survey of the topic, quotes Leibniz and other thinkers, and identifies panpsychism as a 'third way' between dualism and materialism.
Panpsychism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2025 Edition) plato.stanford.edu 1 fact
claimBaruch Spinoza (1632–1677) and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) proposed panpsychist views as an attempt to provide a more unified picture of nature in opposition to the dualism of Galileo and Descartes.
Panpsychism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu 1 fact
referenceThe Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Panpsychism lists related entries including George Berkeley, consciousness, René Descartes, dualism, emergent properties, epiphenomenalism, Charles Hartshorne, William James, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, mereology, monism, neutral monism, pantheism, physicalism, qualia, quantum theory and consciousness, Josiah Royce, Baruch Spinoza, Alfred North Whitehead, and Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt.