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Testimony is widely recognized in epistemology as a fundamental source of justification for beliefs, as discussed in [1], [2], and [3]. Various theories, such as anti-reductionism [4] and reliabilism [5], examine how testimony functions to generate or transmit this justification [6], [7], and [8].
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Epistemological Problems of Testimony plato.stanford.edu 5 facts
referenceWright (2016a) provides a discussion of epistemological views where testimony transmits knowledge while simultaneously generating justification.
claimRobert Audi (1997) maintains that while testimony can generate justification, it can only transmit knowledge.
referenceStephen Wright authored several works on knowledge transmission, including the articles 'In Defence of Transmission' (2015), 'Circular Testimony' (2016), 'The Transmission of Knowledge and Justification' (2016), 'Sincerity and Transmission' (2016), and the book 'Knowledge Transmission' (2019).
perspectiveThomas Reid (1983) argues that whatever reasons exist for considering perception a basic source of justification also apply to testimony as a basic source of justification.
claimEpistemologists debate whether testimony is a basic source of justification or if it can be reduced to other epistemic sources like perception, memory, and inference.
Epistemology of Testimony | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 3 facts
quoteJennifer Lackey (2005) states: “non–reductionists maintain that testimony is just as basic a source of justification (knowledge, warrant, entitlement, and so forth) as sense-perception, memory, inference, and the like”.
quotePeter Graham states: "That a source is a source of defeaters for beliefs from another source, or even from itself, does not show that the other source depends for justification on inferential support from another source, or even itself. … The fact that my perception defeats your testimony does not show that testimony is inferential and not direct. Indeed, the fact that testimony-based beliefs sometimes defeat perceptual beliefs does not show that testimony is prior to perception."
perspectiveThe Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article on the Epistemology of Testimony classifies approaches to testimonially-based justification as "Liberal" or "Conservative," where Liberals are less demanding and Conservatives are more demanding regarding what counts as justified belief or knowledge.
Epistemology - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 3 facts
claimJustification by testimony relies on information one person communicates to another, which can occur through talking or through other forms such as letters, newspapers, and blogs.
claimEpistemologists investigate sources of justification, including perception, introspection, memory, reason, and testimony, to discover how knowledge arises.
claimSources of justification are cognitive capacities or methods through which people acquire justification, with commonly discussed sources including perception, introspection, memory, reason, and testimony.
Social Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu 3 facts
claimTheories that deny testimony is a basic source of justification argue that testimony-based beliefs are only justified if the audience possesses adequate independent reasons to consider the speaker trustworthy.
claimAnti-reductionism is the view that testimony is a basic source of justification, meaning testimony-based beliefs are justified as long as the audience has no reasons for doubt.
referenceFrederick F. Schmitt's 2006 paper 'Testimonial Justification and Transindividual Reasons' explores how testimony provides justification for belief.
Epistemology | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 2 facts
claimKnowledge can be transmitted between individuals through testimony, where a person's justification for a belief is based on a trusted source confirming its truth.
claimReliabilism, a prominent version of externalism, suggests that the justification of a belief depends on the source of that belief, such as sense experience, reason, testimony, or memory.
Social Epistemology – Introduction to Philosophy - Rebus Press press.rebus.community 1 fact
claimAn individual has stronger than usual justification to believe a speaker's testimony if the speaker is known to be honest and knowledgeable about the topic, whereas an individual is generally not justified in believing testimony from someone known to be prone to lying.